Solvent-free coumarin synthesis via Pechmann reaction using solid catalysts

A solvent-free versatile and efficient methodology, reported here, allows the synthesis of coumarin by hydroxyalkylation of phenols with ethyl or methyl acetoacetate (via Pechmann reaction) using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (triflic acid) functionalised Zr-TMS (Zr-TMS, zirconia based transition metal oxide mesoporous molecular sieves) catalysts with different loadings of triflic acid over Zr-TMS (5-25 wt.%) where the total acid strength of acid functionalised Zr-TMS material is increased as increasing loading of triflic acid from 5 to 25 wt.% leading to correspond increased higher catalytic activity.     

苯磺酸催化合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素

以苯磺酸作催化剂,乙酰乙酸乙酯和间苯二酚为原料,通过Pechmann缩合反应合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素。考察了原料配比、催化剂用量和反应温度对产品收率的影响,得到较适宜的合成条件为：在110℃下,催化剂用量为0．5％（以间苯二酚计,n/n）,n（乙酰乙酸乙酯）：n（间苯二酚）=1．3：1时,反应21min,平行实验的平均收率为85．0％。产品结构用IR表征。     

Solvent free synthesis of coumarin derivative by the use of AlSBA-1 molecular sieves

AlSBA-1 molecular sieves were synthesized successfully and used for the synthesis of coumarins through Pechmann condensation. The synthesized AlSBA-1 catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, FTIR, TGA techniques. The synthesized materials possess large surface area with mesopores. Pechmann condensation of 3-methoxyphenol and ethyl acetoacetate was carried out under solvent free condition and 7-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin was the main product. The selectivity of the product was found to be 74.04%. Among the synthesized catalysts, AlSBA-1(2) showed high activity than others due to high density of acid sites. Hence, AlSBA-1 molecular sieves a better choice of catalyst for the synthesis of coumarins.     

甲烷磺酸催化合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素

以甲烷磺酸为催化剂,乙酰乙酸乙酯和间苯二酚为原料,通过Pechmann缩合反应合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素。考察了原料配比、催化剂用量和反应温度对产品收率的影响,得到了较适宜的反应条件。在120 ℃,催化剂用量为间苯二酚物质的量的7.5%和n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)∶n(间苯二酚)=1.25∶1条件下,反应（9.5~10） min,产品平均收率为91.5%,并对产品进行了IR表征。     

Keggin杂多酸催化合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素

以间苯二酚和乙酰乙酸乙酯为原料,Keggin结构磷钨酸、磷钼酸、磷钼钨酸和硅钨酸杂多酸做催化剂,在无溶剂的条件下,经Pechmann反应催化合成了7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素,该催化反应具有选择性高、不污染环境及不腐蚀设备的优点。以H4SiW12O40.15H2O催化剂为代表进行了条件优化,在n(间苯二酚)∶n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)∶n(H4SiW12O40.15H2O)=1∶1.5∶0.01,反应温度130℃,反应时间20min条件下,7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素收率为85.9%。该文报告工作的新颖性已为中国科学技术信息研究所2007年6月4日出具的第20071100100234号《科技查新报告》所证实。     

Synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties of benzyl sulphonic acid functionalized Zr-TMS catalysts

Mesoporous zirconium hydroxide, Zr-TMS (zirconium hydroxide with mesostructured framework; TMS, transition metal oxide mesoporous molecular sieves) catalyst has been prepared through the sol–gel method and functionalized with benzyl sulphonic acid (BSA) using post-synthesis route without destroying the mesoporous structure. The benzyl group anchored Zr-TMS (B-Zr-TMS/≡Zr–O–CH₂–Φ) was achieved by etherification reaction of Zr-TMS with benzyl alcohol at 80 °C using cyclohexane as solvent. Further, B-Zr-TMS was subjected to sulphonation reaction with chlorosulphonic acid (ClSO₃H) at 70 °C using chloroform as solvent to yield BSA-Zr-TMS (≡Zr–O–CH₂–Φ–SO₃H). Maximum sulphonic acid (–SO₃H) loading was optimized with respect to time of functionalization and concentration of ClSO₃H. Functionalization was carried out by loading the maximum amount of benzyl group over Zr-TMS and varying the concentration of –SO₃H. The synthesized materials have been characterized by powder XRD, FT-IR, elemental analysis, N₂ adsorption–desorption and TPD of ammonia. The catalytic activity of the synthesized catalyst has been performed in liquid phase benzoylation of diphenyl ether to 4-phenoxybenzophenone (4-PBP) using benzoyl chloride as benzoylating agent at 160 °C under atmospheric pressure. The same reaction was carried out by sulphated zirconia (SO₄²⁻/ZrO₂) and found very poor activity.     

N-甲基吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐催化合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素

以离子液体N-甲基吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐为催化剂,通过Pechmann缩合反应于无溶剂条件下合成了7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素,实验表明N-甲基吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐可重复使用并具有较好的催化活性。在原料摩尔比n(间苯二酚)∶n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)为1∶1.3、催化剂[Hnmp]HSO4占反应物料总质量的1.2%、回流反应时间3 h的条件下,产品收率达87.24%,经液相色谱分析纯度大于98.5%。     

PWA/montmorillonite K10 catalyst for synthesis of coumarins under solvent-free conditions

12-Tungstophosphoric acid supported on montmorillonite K10 (PWA/mont-K10) catalysed Pechmann condensation reaction was reported. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis DRS, surface area and pore size analysis, TGA and acidity by DRIFTS using pyridine. The morphology of the catalyst was studied by SEM. The activity of mont-K10, mont-KSF, \textSO ₄ ^{2 -} \mathord

微波辐射下磺酸基功能化离子液体无溶剂催化合成4-甲基香豆素及其衍生物

研究了3种磺酸基功能化离子液体催化香豆素及其衍生物的合成,取代酚与乙酰乙酸乙酯在无溶剂微波辐射条件下,通过Pechmann缩合反应,合成了一系列4-甲基香豆素衍生物,探讨了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量、离子液体重复使用性能诸因素对产品产率的影响。结果表明,离子液体[C3SO3Hmim]HSO4是合成目标产物的良好催化剂,微波辐射时间10 min,反应温度100℃,n(酚)∶n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)=1∶1,催化剂用量x([C3SO3Hmim]HSO4)=20%时,最高产率可达94%。该法反应条件温和,操作简便,产物易分离,产率高,环境友好,离子液体可重复使用4次。     

Competent,selective and high yield of 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin over sulfonated mesoporous silica as solid acid catalysts

Highly ordered mesoporous MCM-41 and SBA-15 have been synthesized and functionalized with different amounts of propyl sulfonic acid groups using 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane as sulfur source. The synthesized catalysts have been well-characterized by different techniques such as XRD, FTIR and BET surface area and pore size distribution by BJH method. FTIR spectra of chemisorbed pyridine and temperature programmed desorption of NH₃ techniques have been successfully used to characterize the acidic sites. The results showed that, both surface area, mean pore diameter and pore volume decrease as the extent of sulfonation increase. XRD results and TEM images confirm the stability of mesoporous long range order even after sulfonation process done. In addition, the study also showed that, sulfonation enhances the surface acidity and new moderate and strong acid sites were created. All the sulfonated catalysts under investigations have been found to be highly active and selective for the Pechmann condensation reaction of resorcinol with ethyl acetoacetate. More than 98% yield of 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin was obtained with 100% selectivity. Presence of high number of moderate and strong Brönsted acid sites in sulfonated catalysts help in achieving high yields. Furthermore, the MCM-41 sulfonated catalysts showed higher catalytic performance due to their higher surface acidities.     

含香豆素骨架水杨醛Schiff base荧光材料的制备及光谱性能研究

以间苯二酚和乙酰乙酸乙酯为原料,草酸做催化剂,在无溶剂的条件下,经Pechmann反应催化合成了7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素,再经硝化、还原得到3-氨基7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素。利用3-氨基7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素与水杨醛缩合反应,制备了新型的含香豆素骨架水杨醛Schiff base衍生物,其结构由IR、1HNMR和元素分析确证。通过研究化合物紫外吸收光谱及荧光光谱发现该化合物具有优异光学活性。     

Sm~(3+)催化下一锅法合成香豆素衍生物

用Sm(NO3)3.6H2O代替Pechmann缩合反应中的传统酸性催化剂,在无溶剂条件下高效地催化酚类和三氟乙酰乙酸乙酯合成了一系列的4-(三氟甲基)香豆素衍生物,并对合成的化合物进行了红外、核磁表征。初步研究了不同取代酚与三氟乙酰乙酸乙酯的反应条件,给出了可能的反应机理及造成反应活性差异的原因。     

Synthesis of Coumarins via Pechmann Reaction in Water Catalyzed by Acyclic Acidic Ionic Liquids

Some recyclable acyclic SO₃H-functionalized ionic liquids have been used as catalysts for Pechmann condensation reaction. N, N, N-trimethyl-N-propanesulfonic acid ammonium hydrogen sulfate [TMPSA][HSO₄] has been proved to be the most active catalyst. The coumarins products could simply be separated from the catalyst by filtration and the catalyst could be recycled and reused for several times without noticeably decreasing the catalytic activity.     

ZrOCl2.8H2O/SiO2: An efficient and recyclable catalyst for the preparation of coumarin derivatives by Pechmann condensation reaction

Silica gel supported zirconyl chloride octahydrate was found to be an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of a series of biologically important molecules in high turnover numbers and rates. Several substituted coumarins can be prepared in high yield and purity by direct reaction of β-keto esters and phenol derivatives in the presence of a catalytic amount of ZrOCl₂.8H₂O/SiO₂ as Lewis acid and at ambient temperature under solvent-free conditions. This method which is called Pechmann condensation is a very easy and a rapid reaction for the synthesis of coumarin derivatives.     

3-氨基-4-甲基-6-甲氧基-7-羟基香豆素的合成研究

以对甲苯磺酸为催化荆,采用操作简便、绿色环保的无溶剂合成方法,通过Pechmann反应成功合成了未见文献报道的标题化合物.结构经1HNMR及MS确证.     

Activity of modified SnO2 catalysts for acid-catalysed reactions

The effect of Lewis and Brønsted acid modification on the catalytic behaviour of SnO₂ was studied. Modified AlCl₃, FeCl₃, ZnCl₂ and H₂SO₄ were used for this purpose. Catalytic activity was tested for Friedel–Crafts alkylation, acylation and Pechmann condensation. It was observed that the alkylation activity of SnO₂ was improved upon treatment with Lewis acids and Brønsted acids. However the acylation activity was observed only when SnO₂ was treated with H₂SO₄. Moderate improvement in the activity for Pechmann condensation reaction was observed in the case of all the modified catalysts. It was inferred that this method of modification resulted in an increase in acid strength as well as acidity of the parent oxide catalyst. © 1998 SCI     

Synthesis of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) derivatives and their hydrolysis by plant cysteine proteinases

A number of derivatives of citrullyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (Cit-AMC) have been synthesised and characterised. Their hydrolysis, releasing the fluorescent 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin, by the plant cysteine proteinases papain, ficin and bromelain was examined. Two derivatives in particular, Z-Phe-Cit-AMC and Z-Gly-Phe-Cit-AMC, were shown to be good substrates for these enzymes. The possible use of the fluorogenic peptides in assays for these enzymes is discussed.     

新型有序介孔炭基固体酸的制备及其催化双酚A合成

采用软模板法制得具有高度有序介孔孔道结构、高密度-SO₃H基团的新型有序介孔炭基固体酸催化剂。通过N₂吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、透射电镜、EDX能谱以及酸碱滴定等手段对催化剂进行了表征,考察了炭化温度对介孔炭基固体酸催化剂介孔孔道结构、表面酸性以及催化活性的影响。结果表明,500 ℃是最适宜的炭化温度,该炭化温度下制备的催化剂介观有序性较好且酸密度较高。所得的催化剂在丙酮与苯酚缩合生成双酚A的反应中表现出明显高于其它3种固体酸催化剂（001×7,D072,无定型炭基固体磺酸）的活性。可见,有序介孔炭基固体酸是一种高效的新型固体酸催化剂,在双酚A领域具有较好的应用潜力。     

Zeolite-catalyzed Pechmann synthesis of coumarins

The Pechmann condensation of phenols with ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of a modified small pore size zeolite E4a resulting in the formation of coumarin derivatives in good yields.     

聚异氰酸酯改性乙二醛-尿素树脂的性能研究

用聚异氰酸酯(pMDI)对乙二醛-尿素(GU)树脂进行改性并用于刨花板生产。在对GU树脂的结构及固化性能进行研究的基础上,对pMDI的用量及热压工艺进行了优化。IR谱图表明,GU树脂中含有大量的OH活性基团,具有与pMDI发生反应的结构基础;差热分析表明,该体系的凝胶化温度为106.49℃,固化温度为113.37℃,后处理温度为123.29℃,固化反应表观活化能Ea=158.02kJ/mol,反应级数n=0.98,反应频率因子A=2.09×1021min-1。当pMDI与GU树脂的质量比为15∶85时生产的刨花板能达到国家标准,其适合的热压工艺为:压力2.5 MPa、温度140℃、时间5 min。