脉冲涡流圆柱型探头参数的优化设计

介绍了脉冲涡流检测的工作原理。通过有限元对圆柱型探头不同参数的线圈周围磁场和被检试件中感生涡流的分布进行了仿真,得出了扁平型的激励线圈产生的磁通量能够有效地渗透到被检试件的内部,有利于系统检测灵敏度的提高。通过不同激励频率在试件中的涡流密度、渗透深度的分析,能够根据脉冲涡流检测对象,得到探头中所用的最佳工作频率,为脉冲涡流探头的实际检测奠定基础。     

脉冲涡流矩形传感器参数仿真优化设计

脉冲涡流矩形传感器是近年来涡流无损检测的研究热点。采用COMSOL有限元仿真软件建立了矩形探头有限元仿真模型,以电导率变化为变化因子,使用单因素轮换法对矩形探头的尺寸比例进行了优化设计。通过仿真实验和数据分析,得出矩形探头长宽高比例为2∶1∶1.5时,探头的灵敏度、线性度最佳。本仿真优化结论可为使用脉冲涡流进行矩形探头缺陷或应力检测提供参考。     

脉冲激励远场涡流管道检测技术的有限元仿真

研究了脉冲激励下的远场涡流管道检测技术,采用有限元仿真的方法对检测系统参数对检测结果的影响做了详细的分析。表明该技术将远场涡流和脉冲激励的优势有效结合,能提取较多检测信息,可同时测量管道内径和内、外壁缺陷信息,且具有信号幅值高,功耗低的优点。     

激励参数对脉冲涡流缺陷检测的仿真分析

脉冲涡流检测技术是一种新兴的电磁无损检测技术,激励参数与脉冲涡流检测灵敏度、涡流渗透深度密切相关,选择合适的激励参数十分必要。采用COMSOL有限元仿真软件建立了脉冲涡流圆柱型探头的有限元模型,分析了不同幅值、不同占空比以及幅值与时间的乘积相同的情况下,对金属部件表面下缺陷检测的影响。通过有限元仿真分析,提出增大激励幅值可以提高检测的灵敏度,增大占空比可以提高涡流的渗透深度的结论。该结论为工程实践金属内部缺陷检测提供了一定的参考价值。     

敫励参数和试件电磁参数对脉冲涡流检测影响的仿真分析

脉冲涡流检测技术已成功应用于带包覆层容器和管道壁厚检测。然而,由于铁磁性材料脉冲涡流检测机理的复杂性,目前缺乏对检测信号影响因素的有效分析方法。首先利用有限元仿真方法建立了脉冲涡流检测模型,并用试验验证了模型的正确性;然后研究了重复频率、占空比及边沿斜率等激励参数对检测信号的影响,为脉冲涡流检测激励模式的选择提供参考;最后分析了试件电磁参数对检测信号的影响,为脉冲涡流检测结果的解释提供依据。     

接收线圈位置对脉冲涡流检测灵敏度的影响

研究了对带包覆层管道的内部腐蚀进行脉冲涡流检测时,接收线圈的位置变化对检测灵敏度的影响,进行了探头置于激励线圈下不同位置的有限元仿真和试验研究。有限元仿真结果表明:在轴向和周向2个方向都是当检测线圈位于激励线圈边缘正下方时检测效果最好,其灵敏度分别为0.61、0.60。验证试验表明:在轴向和周向2个方向上,最佳检测位置都是位于激励线圈边缘正下方,其灵敏度分别为0.26、0.27。试验结果与仿真结果基本一致,表明接收线圈在激励线圈外边缘正下方附近时,检测灵敏度达到最大。研究结果有助于带包覆层管道腐蚀的脉冲涡流检测的传感器设计。     

带保温层管道腐蚀缺陷的脉冲涡流检测技术仿真

脉冲涡流检测技术是近几年发展起来的一种新型无损检测技术,可以应用于金属管道和金属板的内腐蚀检测。以低碳无缝钢管的内壁腐蚀作为检测对象,建立了针对脉冲涡流检测的ANSYS有限元仿真模型,分析了磁场仿真的理论基础,列出了仿真分析的具体步骤。为ANSYS有限元仿真软件在脉冲涡流检测中的应用提供了参考,为脉冲涡流检测设备的研制提供了依据。     

脉冲漏磁检测中的涡流效应

为了解脉冲漏磁检测中涡流效应的特点,奠定进一步分析脉冲漏磁检测信号的基础,建立了脉冲漏磁检测的有限元仿真模型,观察了检测中瞬态磁场和感生涡流的分布,分析了感生涡流特征量的特点及影响因素。结果表明,脉冲漏磁检测中,瞬态磁场和感生涡流总体上符合集肤效应并相互影响,其中感生涡流具有渗透深度浅、感应强度大的特点,涡流密度峰值时间在深度方向上有较强的分辨率。电导率和磁导率影响感生涡流的渗透深度和密度峰值时间在深度方向上的分辨率;脉冲激励上升时间常数只影响感生涡流的渗透深度,而和密度峰值时间在深度方向上的分辨率无关。     

脉冲涡流检测技术的研究进展和展望

飞机多层结构中缺陷的检测是目前航空领域无损检测的难点。脉冲涡流检测技术近年来在航空无损检测领域得到了广泛的重视和应用。综述了国内外科研机构在脉冲涡流技术的工程应用、理论计算、缺陷成像以及缺陷识别方法方面的研究进展。指出了脉冲涡流检测技术的发展趋势以及今后的研究热点。     

飞机多层结构铆钉周围裂纹脉冲涡流检测传感器参数优化

飞机多层结构铆钉周围埋藏裂纹检测是无损检测领域的一个难点和热点,脉冲涡流能够对这种裂纹进行有效的检测.针对这种缺陷检测,本研究采用了一种双激励线圈且用隧道磁电阻(TMR)为接收的新型探头.双激励源反向联接,激励电流不至于过大,但磁场却能达到局部聚焦的作用.通过大量试验对该传感器参数进行优化选择,以提高传感器的检测灵敏度.试验结果表明:当激励线圈绕制180 匝、两激励线圈间距为20~30 mm、单个线圈水平夹角为60°~90°、且TMR位于裂纹正上方时探头的检测灵敏度最大.该研究结果可为飞机多层结构铆钉周围裂纹脉冲涡流检测探头设计提供参考.     

Analytical modeling of the transient response of a coil encircling a ferromagnetic conducting rod in pulsed eddy current testing

Analytical solutions are obtained in the time domain for the electromagnetic response to the leading edge of a square pulse excitation of a multiple turn current coil, encircling a long ferromagnetic rod, in the linear permeability regime. The resulting equations, obtained using a magnetic vector potential formalism, describe the time-dependent progression of flux into and along the rod. Results are in agreement with finite element solutions obtained for the same geometry. The work is motivated by the requirement for rapid analytical solutions and insight into pulsed eddy current response during inspection of multilayer aluminum aircraft structures in the vicinity of ferrous fasteners.     

焊接逆变电源与涡流检测融合设计及可行性分析

根据逆变焊接电源和涡流检测的原理,将涡流检测模块添加到逆变焊接电源中,实现了焊接加工和质量检测的成功融合。通过融合系统的焊接与检测实验,证明了系统不仅可以正常焊接加工,还能准确检测试样缺陷,实现了焊接与检测分时工作且互不干扰,大大提高了数字处理的利用率。     

Pulsed eddy current testing of ferromagnetic specimen based on variable pulse width excitation

Pulsed eddy current testing (PECT) is a rapidly developing technology which has wide potential applications. For the PECT system which uses detection coils, a no-reference-needed and more efficient method, for quantifying the wall thickness of the ferromagnetic specimen, should be found. In this paper, a kind of variable pulse width excitation is proposed. Based on the excitation, the slope that the relative increment of magnetic flux linear decays with the increase of pulse width in the semi-logarithmic domain is found to be an effective and no-reference-needed feature. First, the analytical expression for the relative increment of magnetic flux is presented, and the validity of the feature is verified by experiments. Then the potential factors affecting the feature are investigated in detail. Results show that when the electromagnetic properties of the specimen are invariant, the feature is independent of pulse width parameters, analysis interval and coatings thickness. At last, a quantitative method is demonstrated. More time could be saved for the narrow pulse comparing it with the existing excitations, and the feature could widely meet engineering applications.     

Thickness measurement of metal pipe using swept-frequency eddy current testing

Swept-frequency eddy current measurement of pipe thickness is studied in this paper. First, suitable frequency range of swept-frequency eddy current testing is determined by comparing sensitivities of relative reactance change with respect to pipe thickness and other parameters at different frequencies. Based on analytical solutions to pipe eddy current field, Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm and variable transformation, a method for solving inverse eddy current problem is developed. Finally, several inversion calculations are carried out and the results are close to the truth values. The low errors reveal that the method presented in this paper is appropriate.     

Reduction of lift-off effects for pulsed eddy current NDT

The lift-off effect is commonly known to be one of the main obstacles for effective eddy current NDT testing as it can easily mask defect signals. Pulsed eddy current techniques, which are believed to be potentially rich of information, are also sensitive to the effect. An approach using normalisation and two reference signals to reduce the lift-off problem with pulsed eddy current techniques is proposed. Experimental testing on the proposed technique and results are presented in this report. Results show that significant reduction in the effect has been achieved mainly in metal loss and sub-surface slot inspection. The technique can also be applied for measurement of metal thickness beneath non-conductive coatings, microstructure, strain/stress measurement, where the output is sensitive to the lift-off effect.     

Transient response of a driver coil in transient eddy current testing

A solution is presented for the case of a driver coil encircling a ferromagnetic conducting rod. The differential circuit equation is formulated in terms of the rod׳s impulse response using convolution theory, and solved by Fourier transform. The final solution accounts for feedback between the ferromagnetic rod and the driver coil, providing correct voltage response of the coil. Also arising from the solution is an analytical expression for the complex inductance in the circuit, which accounts for real (inductive) and imaginary (loss) elements associated with the rod. Experimental results, obtained for the case of square wave excitation, show excellent agreement.     

Measurement of lift-off using the relative variation of magnetic flux in pulsed eddy current testing

Measurement of lift-off can be used to assess the thermal insulation thickness and it has the potential to reduce the lift-off effect in pulsed eddy current testing. In this paper, first, the relative variation of magnetic flux is proposed as a feature for the measurement of lift-off. And then, how to directly obtain the key parameters of the feature from the testing signals is provided. At last, the validity of the feature is verified by simulations and experiments, respectively. The results show that the feature is suitable when the lift-off is tens of millimeters and the plate is ferromagnetic.     

Impedance inversion in eddy current testing of layered planar structures via neural networks

The inversion of eddy current probe impedance measurements is widely recognized as a complex theoretical problem whose solution is likely to have a significant impact on the characterization of materials. In this paper the evaluation of the conductivity profile of a layered planar structure is performed after inverting the impedance of a circular air-cored probe coil, of rectangular cross-section, using multilayer perceptron neural networks, trained via the back propagation learning algorithm. The merits of the method are illustrated in the light of two engineering examples.     

3-D movement simulation techniques using FE methods: Application to eddy current non-destructive testing

In this paper, sample calculations were performed with a three-dimensional (3-D) numerical method to describe the response of an eddy current (EC) probe to defects in a conducting plate. The governing field equations are given in terms of coupled magnetic vector and electrical scalar potentials and solved using a 3-D finite element method implemented in Matlab environment. The displacement of the sensor operating in absolute or differential mode is simulated using three methods: The first and second methods known, respectively, as the nodal interpolation technique (NIT) and the Lagrange multiplier technique (LMT) consist in ensuring the connection between fixed and moved 3-D independent meshes. The third method known as the properties assignment technique (PAT) is based on the geometrical band.In this work, these methods are used to compute the real and imaginary parts of the impedance correlation at every position of the coil(s). This allows the characterisation of the presence of a defect through the EC distribution.     

主成分分析法在脉冲涡流缺陷识别中的应用

在钢结构脉冲涡流缺陷识别中,通常采用信号的峰值幅度、过零时间、主峰面积等特征参数对缺陷进行表征。但上述参数相互关联,存在一定的信息冗余,增加了数据分析量及信息筛选难度,进而影响了缺陷识别的效率。针对上述问题,采用主成分分析法对脉冲涡流信号的6个特征参数进行降维处理,构造了一个主成分特征,减少了信息冗余;将上述主成分特征输入Logistic分类器,实现了对钢结构减薄缺陷的准确识别。结果表明:主成分分析法可以在确保缺陷识别准确率的情况下,有效减少分类器处理的数据量,提高缺陷识别效率。