赤泥基胶凝材料的制备与性能研究

以赤泥、粉煤灰为主要胶凝材料,掺入适量激发剂(石灰)和脱硫石膏,制备了性能优异的赤泥基胶凝材料,并优化了配合比,研究了赤泥基胶凝材料的力学性能、体积稳定性和抗渗性.研究表明赤泥掺量65％,粉煤灰掺量20％,石灰掺量10％,脱硫石膏掺量5％时赤泥基胶凝材料的28 d抗压强度达到3.4 MPa,劈裂抗拉强度达到1.11 MPa.而赤泥掺量65％,粉煤灰掺量25％,石灰掺量5％,脱硫石膏掺量5％时,赤泥基胶凝材料的28 d干燥收缩为115×10-6 m,28 d温度收缩在-20～40℃ 范围内最小为40×10-6 m/℃,空气渗透系数为9.79×10-10 cm/s,抗水渗透系数为1.02×10-6 cm/s.研究表明在适量掺加石灰和脱硫石膏,有利于提高粉煤灰的水化,提高结构密实度,提高了赤泥基胶凝材料的力学性能、体积稳定性和抗渗性.     

循环流化床脱硫灰地聚物试验研究

探讨了标准养护条件下水胶比、碱激发剂掺量、水玻璃模数对CFB脱硫灰地聚物砂浆强度的影响,进而分析了不同养护制度对CFB脱硫灰地聚物砂浆强度的影响.结果 表明,标准养护条件下,随水胶比的增加强度降低,激发剂掺量32％时强度最高,水玻璃模数在1.5时可获得最大强度,标准养护的各龄期强度均大于自然养护的强度,14 d以后强度差距减少.蒸汽养护温度80℃时各龄期的强度都是最高的,超过80℃后,蒸汽养护时间超过8h后延长养护时间对强度的增长贡献不大,提高蒸汽养护温度对早期强度的提升作用更大.80℃蒸气养护16 h后标准养护,CFB脱硫灰地聚物砂浆3d抗压、抗折强度分别达到38.7 MPa和7.7 MPa,28 d抗压、抗折强度分别达到41.3 MPa和9.0 MPa.XRD和SEM分析结果显示,CFB脱硫灰经碱激发后,石英晶体结构被破坏,石灰和硬石膏均参与反应,形成大量胶凝状产物且穿插有较多的针棒状水化硫铝酸钙结晶.     

磷石膏基矿井充填材料制备及其性能研究

为实现磷石膏的资源化利用,制备了以原状磷石膏为主要原料、赤泥为碱性激发剂的矿井充填材料,并分析了高效减水剂掺量、水泥掺量、赤泥掺量对其性能的影响。实验结果表明,水灰质量比为0.2,聚羧酸盐减水剂掺量为0.5%（质量分数）时,浆料的初始流动度约为230 mm,满足充填材料性能要求;水泥掺量从0增加到10%时,28 d抗压强度从2.03 MPa提升至10.75 MPa,初始流动度从180 mm增加到235 mm,强度保持率从0.39提升至1,表明水泥掺量直接影响充填材料的强度、流动性及耐水性能;赤泥掺量从0增加到5%时,28 d抗压强度提升了50%,强度保持率从0.82提升至1,激发作用明显,对材料的流动性有相反的影响。     

碱浸铅锌渣地聚物的制备及其力学性能研究

碱浸铅锌渣是铅锌矿渣中提炼锌粉后产生的碱性废渣.经活化及碱激发处理,可制备地聚物材料,这为碱浸铅锌渣的综合利用提供了新的思路.以碱浸铅锌渣和偏高岭土为原料,以硅酸钠溶液和氢氧化钠为激发剂制备出碱浸铅锌渣地聚物并分析其力学性能.通过正交试验方法考察了碱浸铅锌渣掺量、激发剂模数以及激发剂掺量对碱浸铅锌渣地聚物的力学性能的影响,并采用SEM和XRD技术分析其制备机理.试验结果表明:当液固比为0.5的条件下,碱激发剂模数为1.2,碱激发剂掺量为65％,碱浸铅锌渣掺量为45％时,制备出碱浸铅锌渣地聚物的28 d抗压强度能达到49.6 MPa,且碱激发剂掺量为影响其抗压强度的第一要素;分析原料与产物XRD测试结果,碱浸铅锌渣地聚物发生聚合反应,且生成了Na2 Al2 Si3 O10·2H2 O及Na6 Si8 O19等符合地聚物材料结构特征的物质.     

磷石膏-矿渣基胶凝材料的制备及其性能研究

针对磷石膏基胶凝材料强度低、耐水差的缺点,运用碱激发剂改善磷石膏基胶凝材料的力学性能和耐水性。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射和压汞法分析磷石膏基胶凝材料水化产物和孔结构。结果表明：将磷石膏在140 ℃条件下热活化4 h后得半水石膏,按m（半水石膏）∶m（矿渣）∶m（生石灰）=60∶40∶4配制粉料,水胶质量比为0.6,掺1%（质量分数）的碱激发剂,磷石膏基胶凝材料抗压强度和抗折强度分别为40.6 MPa和11.3 MPa,软化系数为0.84;硬化体中二水石膏和钙矾石为基本骨架,C-S-H凝胶包覆各组分形成致密网状结构,保证材料高强高耐水性。     

氢氧化钾-钠水玻璃激发剂对碱激发矿渣胶凝材料性能的影响

采用氢氧化钾调节钠水玻璃模数制备复合碱激发剂,以钠水玻璃模数、碱掺量为变量,分析氢氧化钾对钠水玻璃激发矿渣胶凝材料性能的影响,研究氢氧化钾-钠水玻璃激发矿渣胶凝材料在流动度、凝结时间及抗压强度等方面的变化规律。结果表明,氢氧化钾-钠水玻璃复合激发剂的激发效果优于单一钠水玻璃激发剂。当钠水玻璃模数为1.2、碱掺量为8%(质量分数)时,氢氧化钾-钠水玻璃激发矿渣胶凝材料流动度可达240 mm,7 d、28 d抗压强度可达98.88 MPa和104.59 MPa,比同等条件下的钠水玻璃激发矿渣胶凝材料7 d、28 d抗压强度分别提高了16.7%和22.9%。     

碳酸钠、氢氧化钠与水玻璃复合激发对地聚物胶凝材料性能的影响

采用碳酸钠替代氢氧化钠调节水玻璃模数制备复合碱激发剂,研究不同碱掺量下碳酸钠掺入比例对地聚物胶凝材料净浆流动度、凝结时间及抗压强度的影响,并通过FT-IR、XRD和SEM试验分析地聚物胶凝材料水化产物的物相组成及微观形貌。结果表明,氢氧化钠与碳酸钠共同复合水玻璃的激发剂激发效果优于二者单独与水玻璃复合的激发剂,当碱掺量为6%(质量分数)、碳酸钠替代比例为40%(质量分数)时,地聚物胶凝材料净浆流动度为185 mm, 28 d抗压强度为94.4 MPa。碳酸钠替代比例增加可延长地聚物胶凝材料凝结时间,当替代比例为100%时,地聚物胶凝材料初凝时间、终凝时间可达372和420 min。不同碱组分激发剂作用时,地聚物胶凝材料水化产物相似,均以无定形铝硅酸盐C-(A)-S-H凝胶为主。     

磷建筑石膏基无砂自流平砂浆的制备与性能研究

采用磷建筑石膏、P·O 42.5水泥、粉煤灰、矿粉、石粉及外加剂为原材料制备高强耐水型磷建筑石膏基无砂自流平砂浆。通过正交试验确定砂浆中胶凝材料的最优掺量,研究减水剂和可再分散性乳胶粉对砂浆性能的影响,并采用XRD及SEM对砂浆进行微观分析。结果表明,当磷建筑石膏、水泥、粉煤灰、矿粉及石粉质量比为73∶5∶5∶15∶2时,砂浆综合性能最优,28 d绝干抗压强度为33.0 MPa,软化系数为0.774。减水剂能够提高砂浆30 min的流动度、力学性能及耐水性能,但当掺量为0.30%(质量分数)时,会降低砂浆的后期强度。可再分散性乳胶粉会降低砂浆的流动性能及力学性能,但能提升砂浆的耐水性能。制备的磷建筑石膏基无砂自流平砂浆的性能满足《石膏基自流平砂浆》(JC/T 1023—2021)的要求,砂浆的28 d绝干抗折强度、28 d绝干抗压强度分别为12.0、45.9 MPa,软化系数高达0.886,吸水率低至2.8%。     

矿渣活性激发过程中铝硅酸盐物质结构变化的NMR探析

在实验室条件下分别采用石灰+碳酸钠或不同模数的水玻璃激发粒化高炉矿渣,对矿渣-碱体系不同养护龄期的强度进行了跟踪测定,结果表明,矿渣-水玻璃体系的强度发展随激发剂种类不同而变化,当水玻璃模数为M1和M2时最佳掺量为14%,模数为M3时最佳掺量为10%,用石灰和碳酸钠作激发剂时强度稍低.借助于29 Si和27al NMR方法对矿渣-碱体系硬化过程中铝硅酸盐物质结构的变化规律进行了探析,结果表明,原始矿渣粉中Si以单体的形式(Q0)存在,al以4配位的形式存在.在石灰+碳酸钠或水玻璃的作用下,矿渣粉中的Si逐渐转变成Q1和Q2.采用水玻璃作为激发剂的场合矿渣粉中Q0向Q1和Q2转变的速度和程度大于采用石灰+碳酸钠作为激发剂的场合;在石灰+碳酸钠或水玻璃的作用下,矿渣粉中的al由原来的4配位逐渐转变成6配位,随着反应时间的延长矿渣-碱体系中6配位al的比例逐渐变大,水玻璃激发剂模数减小同一反应时间下6配位al的比例也相应增加.     

石膏掺量对碱激发矿渣水泥砂浆性能的影响

研究了石膏掺量对碱矿渣水泥砂浆流动性、力学性能、干缩及水化性能的影响。结果表明,掺入1%～5%的石膏,碱激发矿渣水泥砂浆的流动度下降;石膏掺量在2%以内时,可提高砂浆的强度,但当掺量超过2%后,强度开始下降;石膏掺量在1%～5%范围内递增时,砂浆的干缩率随之降低。交流阻抗谱分析表明,在碱矿渣砂浆中掺入1%～5%的石膏时,Nyquist图形从30 min～1 d的非Randles图形逐渐过渡到3～28 d的准Randles曲线,表明砂浆内部的电化学反应与其水化反应相匹配,交流阻抗参数R_1、R_2在3 d后随着石膏掺量增大而增大,表明石膏在一定程度上促进了砂浆的水化。     

One‐Part Geopolymers Based on Thermally Treated Red Mud/NaOH Blends

In this study, one‐part “just add water” geopolymer binders are synthesized through the alkali‐thermal activation of the red mud which is relatively rich in both alumina and calcium. Calcination of the red mud with sodium hydroxide pellets at 800°C leads to decomposition of the original silicate and aluminosilicate phases present in the red mud, which promotes the formation of new compounds with hydraulic character, including a partially ordered peralkaline aluminosilicate phase and the calcium‐rich phases C₃A and α‐C₂S. The hydration of the “one‐part geopolymer” leads to the formation of zeolites and a disordered binder gel as the main reaction products, and the consequent development of compressive strengths of up to 10 MPa after 7 d of curing. These results demonstrate that red mud is an effective precursor to produce one‐part geopolymer binders, via thermal and alkali‐activation processes.     

碱激发偏高岭土基地质聚合物的制备及抗压强度研究

为了响应“双碳”政策节能减排的号召,本文采用偏高岭土和高炉矿渣为原材料制备地质聚合物。以抗压强度为指标优化制备条件,探讨确定影响地质聚合物强度的因素。通过正交试验确定偏高岭土基地质聚合物的最佳配比,通过热重和XRD分析不同温度煅烧的偏高岭土组分。研究结果表明,在高岭土煅烧温度为800 ℃时,偏高岭土基地质聚合物的最佳配合比为氢氧化钠与硅酸钠的质量比为6.5∶1,激发剂的质量掺量为14.2%,其28 d抗压强度能达到46.6 MPa。偏高岭土基地质聚合物抗压强度随激发剂的掺量增加而增大,随氢氧化钠与硅酸钠的质量比的增大先增大后减小,随高岭土煅烧温度的升高先增大后减小。     

偏高岭土、矿渣和赤泥对高性能混合水泥性能影响的研究

通过用硅酸盐水泥、偏高岭土等混合材、膨胀剂及减水剂等制备混合水泥的研究发现：偏高岭土和赤泥的加入使水泥的凝结时间缩短,矿渣的加入延长了水泥的凝结时间;偏高岭土和矿渣对水泥的胶砂流动性影响较小,赤泥的加入使得水泥胶砂流动性显著降低;适量偏高岭土的加入对水泥的3d和28d强度均有增强作用,适量矿渣的加入使水泥抗折强度降低,抗压强度增大;少量的赤泥对水泥强度特别是早期强度有一定的增强作用,但掺量超过20％后水泥强度迅速降低;偏高岭土对水泥微膨胀的产生有促进作用,矿渣和赤泥对水泥微膨胀有抑制作用。用80％～90％的硅酸盐水泥、10％～20％的偏高岭土以及少量的膨胀剂和减水剂能够制备出具有较优流动性、较高的强度以及微膨胀的高性能混合水泥。     

Synthesis of fly ash based geopolymer mortar considering different concentrations and combinations of alkaline activator solution

Geopolymerisation is a process that can transform alumina and silica rich waste materials into valuable binding materials, having excellent mechanical properties. The present experimental study shed a light on the variation in compressive strength of fly ash based geopolymer mortar by varying the molarity of sodium hydroxide as 12 M, 14 M, 16 M and accompanying by sodium silicate (Na₂SIO₃) in 2:1 (Na₂SIO₃/ NaOH) with same molarities. All the geopolymer mixes were oven cured at 80 °C for 24 h and after that kept at room temperature up to the time of testing. The compressive strength was checked subsequently at the ages of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. The experimental results reveal that the addition of sodium silicate enhances the strength development in geopolymer mortar. The ultimate compressive strength of 40.42 MPa was obtained by incorporating sodium silicate along with 16 M concentrated sodium hydroxide. Furthermore, increasing trend of the compressive strength was found with increasing molar concentration of sodium hydroxide and curing period.     

煤气化粗渣-矿渣基地质聚合物的制备与性能

在煤气化粗渣基地质聚合物中复掺矿渣可改善其早期力学性能。本文以煤气化粗渣和矿渣为原料制备地质聚合物,系统研究了不同矿渣掺量对煤气化粗渣基地质聚合物早期力学性能及微观结构的影响。利用X射线衍射、压汞测试、扫描电镜、傅里叶红外光谱等方法对煤气化粗渣-矿渣基地质聚合物的微观结构进行分析表征。结果表明,当矿渣掺量增加时,地质聚合物抗压强度呈逐渐增大趋势。矿渣掺量为40%(质量分数)时,样品28 d抗压强度高达53.1 MPa。由微观分析可知,掺入矿渣后地质聚合物表面生成了大量水化硅铝酸钙/钠(C(N)-A-S-H)凝胶,使地质聚合物微观结构更为致密,力学性能得到改善。     

水玻璃-Na2CO3激发富镁镍渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物的制备及性能

本文使用正交试验法,研究了富镁镍渣与粉煤灰的质量比、复合碱激发剂(水玻璃-Na₂CO₃)掺量及水胶比对富镁镍渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物力学性能的影响,通过XRD、SEM、EDS及TG等测试方法对水化产物进行表征。结果表明,最优试样28 d抗压强度可达37.50 MPa。XRD结果显示,7 d与28 d的水化产物中含有水化硅酸钙凝胶,结合SEM、EDS分析可知,产物中还有菱沸石(N-A-S-H)与钠镁硅铝酸盐(N-M-A-S)无定形凝胶相,这些凝胶相是地质聚合物强度增加的主要原因。     

Fibre-reinforced boroaluminosilicate geopolymers: A comparative study

This paper investigates the effect of fibres on the physical and mechanical behaviour of boroaluminosilicate geopolymers (BASG) compared to conventional aluminosilicate binders. The use of various types of fibres by the means of reinforcing geopolymers against flexural loads is very common. In this work, fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) are utilised as raw materials to generate geopolymer specimens. Different alkaline solutions comprising sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, and borax are prepared to activate precursors. The sodium silicate solution is substituted with borax by 30?wt% and 70?wt% in order to produce fly ash and slag-based BASG respectively. Steel and polymer fibres are employed in the mixtures for reinforcement. Three-point bending and mini slump tests are conducted for assessing the flexural strength, elastic modulus, toughness, and flow of geopolymer specimens. A pair plotting interpretation is also used in order to illustrate the patterns. The obtained results indicate that the fly ash-based BASG mortar shows superior flexural strength to the GGBS-based BASG mortar. The flexural strength of fly ash-made aluminosilicate geopolymer declines from 7.3?MPa to 6.4?MPa with an increase in the content of steel fibres from 1% to 2%. Inversely, raising the percentage of steel fibres in the fly ash-based BASG mortar caused a slight growth in the flexural strength of specimens. The polypropylene fibres, when added sufficiently, play a significant role in improving the toughness of fly ash-based BASG and slag-based aluminosilicate mixtures, more than 0.8 and 0.7?J surge in the toughness respectively. In addition, the polypropylene and steel fibres perform well in improving the elastic modulus of slag-based BASG and fly ash-based aluminosilicate binders. While keeping the water to binder ratio constant, introducing the steel fibre increased the flow of fly ash-based geopolymers. Nonetheless, the polymer fibres declined the flow of mortars.     

赤泥制备水玻璃工艺研究

为了提取利用赤泥中的硅元素,实现赤泥的资源化,同时为水玻璃的制备寻找一种新原料。本文以中铝山西新材料有限公司两组分赤泥为研究对象,通过化学分析法、XRD对赤泥进行了化学组成及矿物组成分析。表明该赤泥中二氧化硅含量较高且都为非晶态,反应活性高,为制备水玻璃的理想硅源。对赤泥进行酸浸可得到纯度为92%的硅胶。硅胶湿法制备水玻璃最佳工艺参数为NaOH质量浓度15%,液固质量比3,体系温度95 ℃,反应时间为15 min。经实验验证,最佳参数下的二氧化硅溶出率可达91%,对该赤泥中硅的利用率达84.6%。该研究可为赤泥资源化和水玻璃原料选取提供新的思路和依据。     

Influence of new organic alkali activators on microstructure and strength of fly ash geopolymer

The fly ash geopolymer with improved mechanical properties was prepared by a new mixture alkali activator. In this paper, sodium tert-butanol, an organic strong alkali was used as an activator for preparing fly ash geopolymer to improve their mechanical properties. The effect of activator content and type on the macroscopic level of fly ash geopolymer was investigated experimentally by three types of activators: sodium tert-butanol, sodium silicate, and sodium tert-butoxide/sodium silicate mix activator. The microstructure of the fly ash geopolymer was characterized by ATR-FTIR, SEM-EDS, XRD, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) physical adsorption method. The results showed that the new mixture alkali activator prepared by 5% sodium tert-butoxide and 10% sodium silicate improved the denseness and integrity of the microstructure of the fly ash geopolymer. Consequently, the mechanical properties of fly ash geopolymer are improved. The microscopic results demonstrated that the C–OH in tert-butanol after the hydrolysis of sodium tert-butoxide and Si–OH in the geopolymer can form C–O–Si bonds, forming a more complex three-dimensional network structure. This paper reveals the enhancement mechanism of organic alkali as activators for preparing fly ash geopolymer, and provides support for the subsequent development of organic strong alkali activators.     

Partial replacement of metakaolin with red ceramic waste in geopolymer

Metakaolin was incrementally replaced (33.3%, 50% and 66.6%) by red ceramic waste in geopolymer formulation to study the effect on geopolymerisation and its resultant properties. The geopolymer binders composed of two calcined aluminosilicates (viz. Metakaolin and Red ceramic waste), NaOH and sodium silicate. In the experimental compositions, metakaolin was replaced gradually up to 66.6% in the clay fraction, the Si/Al increased from 3.36 to 5.16 and Na/Al increased from 0.93 to 1.38. The FTIR spectroscopic studies of geopolymer pastes along with XRD analysis indicated that the red ceramic waste partly reacts with alkali and takes part in geopolymer formation. Replacement of 33.3% metakaolin by the red ceramic waste in geopolymer binder did not reduce the compressive strength with respect to the pure metakaolin geopolymer here. Additional replacement resulted in a drastic decrease in the compressive strength of the geopolymer binder. However, the compressive strength of geopolymer mortars revealed interesting synergy between the amount of binder and particle packing in the mortar. Despite having a lower amount of binder phase, mortars with 33% and 50% red ceramic waste exhibited maximum compressive strength values. This has been attributed to improved particle packing through incorporation of red ceramic waste particles.