模板法合成锡酸钴及其对PVC的阻燃应用

以活性炭为模板、五水四氯化锡和六水硝酸钴为原料,制备纯相的多孔锡酸钴（CoSnO3）阻燃剂,通过X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）对其结构、形貌进行表征,并将其应用于PVC的阻燃研究中。当CoSnO3的添加量为15份时,其极限氧指数（LOI）达到35.6％、烟密度等级（SDR）为75.2％、断裂伸长率为168.32%、拉伸强度为 22.50 MPa。通过热重分析（TGA）对阻燃前后PVC的热降解行为进行了初步探讨,研究发现： 经CoSnO3阻燃处理后,PVC样品的初始降解温度降低,高温时的剩炭量增加,表明CoSnO3对PVC材料具有较好的阻燃消烟性能。     

铝酸镍和云母协效体系对PVC的阻燃研究

以硝酸铝提供铝源,硝酸镍提供镍源制备铝酸镍,将铝酸镍和云母协效后一起加入到PVC中制成PVC阻燃样品。采用X-射线衍射(XRD)来表征合成的铝酸镍样品。用极限氧指数、烟密度的等级来研究阻燃前后PVC样品的阻燃抑烟性能。当铝酸镍和云母的添加比例为9∶1时,试样的极限氧指数为28.4%,烟密度等级为77.74%,拉伸强度为18.17MPa,断裂伸长率为227%,此时的阻燃消烟性能和力学性能较好。     

Zn2SnO4的制备及其对软质聚氯乙烯的阻燃研究

以结晶四氯化锡和硝酸锌为原料,通过2步煅烧法制备锡酸锌(Zn2SnO4)阻燃剂;通过极限氧指数、烟密度等级和残炭量研究了Zn2SnO4对软质聚氯乙烯（PVC）的阻燃和消烟性能的影响,同时对力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,Zn2SnO4的用量为15份时,对软质PVC的阻燃消烟效果明显,其极限氧指数可达36.0 %、烟密度等级为86.2 %、残炭率为29.7 %、拉伸强度为25.47 MPa、断裂伸长率为168 %;利用热重分析、差热分析和扫描电子显微镜等方法对阻燃PVC进一步进行表征,结果表明Zn2SnO4的加入促使软质PVC的起始分解温度降低,残炭量增加,燃烧后剩炭结构致密,阻燃效果明显。     

铝酸钴和云母协效体系对PVC材料阻燃性能和力学性能的影响

研究了铝酸钴和云母协效体系对PVC材料阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。首先采用水热合成法制备出了高纯度铝酸钴,然后通过烟密度等级、极限氧指数和力学性能测试铝酸钴与云母协效后对PVC样品材料的阻燃抑烟性能的影响,最后采用热分析研究阻燃前后PVC样品的热降解行为。结果表明:(1)当铝酸钴和云母的用量比为1∶9时,PVC样品的极限氧指数为30. 5%,烟密度等级为71. 03%,拉伸强度为22. 10 MPa,断裂伸长率为282. 43%;(2)PVC样品经阻燃处理后热降解的温度降低,残炭量增加。     

模板合成 AC-Zn2SnO4对 PVC热降解性能影响

通过活性炭模板法制备锡酸锌阻燃剂(AC-ZnzSnO4),并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对其表征.将其应用于聚氯乙烯(PVC),采用极限氧指数(LOI)、烟密度研究了阻燃剂对PVC阻燃性能和力学性能的影响;通过热重-红外-质谱分析(TG-MS-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了阻燃前后PVC热降解性和炭层形貌,探究其阻...     

SnO2和SiO2用于PVC的阻燃消烟及协同作用

研究了二氧化锡和二氧化硅对软PVC阻燃消烟性的影响。通过对极限氧指数、剩炭率、烟密度的测定和DTATG曲线的分析证明,添加8g二氧化锡/二氧化硅复合阻燃剂的PVC的氧指数和剩炭率比未添加的分别增高5.5个单位和4.1%,烟密度降低16.4%,降解活化能分别降低38kJ/mol和23.1kJ/mol,从而证明二氧化锡/二氧化硅复合阻燃剂对于PVC是一种很好的阻燃消烟剂,二氧化锡和二氧化硅有很好的协同作用。同时证明这种复合阻燃剂能代替三氧化二锑,使产品的成本进一步降低。     

铝酸锌在阻燃软质PVC中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了具有尖晶结构的铝酸锌。用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜表征合成的铝酸锌。通过热分析方法研究了用铝酸锌作阻燃剂的软PVC从室温到800℃的热降解过程,通过极限氧指数（LOI）、烟密度测试器测试手段研究了铝酸锌对软PVC的阻燃作用。结果表明：采用溶胶-凝胶法合成的铝酸锌具有尖晶结构、粒径较小且分布均匀。添加物质量1．5％的铝酸锌的软PVC样品LOI达29．8,吸光度降至53．0％,达到一般软质PVC的阻燃要求。     

棉花模板制备铝酸镍阻燃剂及其应用

铝酸镍具有耐酸碱、耐高温、耐磨、耐腐蚀等特点,是一种无毒、无害、清洁环保功能性粉末状化合物。以硝酸铝和硝酸镍为原料,通过棉花模板合成技术制备具有孔径结构的铝酸镍,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电子能谱分析(EDS)和扫描电镜(SEM)对制备的铝酸镍进行表征。并通过极限氧指数和烟密度测试,研究了阻燃剂的添加对聚氯乙烯(PVC)材料阻燃抑烟性能的影响。     

ZnO与Mg(OH)_2在软PVC中的协同阻燃消烟作用

用热分析的方法研究了ZnO和Mg(OH)2复合阻燃剂对软PVC的协同阻燃消烟作用,考察了经阻燃处理的软PVC从室温到800℃的热降解过程,用Kissinger方程给出了热降解反应的活化能。通过极限氧指数(LOI)、剩炭率、烟密度等级(SDR)和最大烟密度(MSD)的测定以及用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)对燃烧后所生成炭层的观察,探讨了协同体系阻燃抑烟的机理。结果表明:经阻燃处理的样品尤其是加入适量ZnO和Mg(OH)2复合阻燃剂的样品具有较高的极限氧指数(LOI)和剩炭率、较低的烟密度等级(SDR)和最大烟密度(MSD),与未处理的样品相比具有较好的阻燃和消烟性能。ZnO的加入可改变PVC的热降解过程,使起始降解温度降低,并且使反应的活化能增大,可能属于固相Lewis酸催化机理。     

系列羟基锡酸盐对半硬质PVC的阻燃消烟作用

研究了系列羟基锡酸盐阻燃剂对半硬质PVC的阻燃消烟作用。通过对样品燃烧后剩炭含量及扫描电镜(SEM)分析,探讨了锡酸盐体系阻燃抑烟的机理。结果表明:经阻燃处理的样品具有较高的极限氧指数(LOI)和剩炭率,较低的烟密度等级(SDR)和最大烟密度(MSD),与未处理的样品相比具有较好的阻燃和消烟性能。由于阻燃剂的添加量较少,对材料力学性能影响不大。     

Metal hydroxystannates as flame retardants and smoke suppressants for semirigid poly(vinyl chloride)

Metal hydroxystannates were studied as flame retardants and smoke suppressants for semirigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The flame‐retardant and smoke‐suppression mechanisms were investigated by using limiting oxygen index (LOI), smoke density rating (SDR), the solid yield test (SY), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry, differential thermogravimetry, and differential thermal analysis. Results showed that semirigid PVC treated with the flame retardants had a higher LOI, and solid yield, but a lower SDR and maximum smoke density, thereby indicating that the flame‐retardance and smoke‐suppression properties of the treated PVC were improved and that the hydroxystannate compounds could be used as highly effective flame retardants. The tin compounds may exert their action in both the condensed and vapor phases, but mainly in the condensed phase as Lewis acids. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

Low‐melting sulfate glasses as additives to semirigid PVC and their flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties

The role of low‐melting sulfate glasses (LMSG) as additives on the flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties of semirigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), as well as the mechanism for flame retardancy and smoke suppression, were studied through the Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) test. Smoke Density Rating (SDR) test, DTA‐TG, and SEM. The results show that the LMSG have good smoke suppressant properties. When the PVC compound contains 40 parts of LMSG, the SDR value will be reduced by about 45%. The Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Ni²⁺ sulfates, as well as MoO₃, cause PVC to crosslink and form char, and the melt can protect not only the char formed during combustion and thermal degradation, but also undecomposed polymer. That is the main mechanism for flame retardation and smoke suppression when the additives melt. The mechanical properties of the PVC compounds containing different levels of LMSG were also studied.     

热质联用测试N-P-Si协同阻燃粘胶纤维性能的研究

利用纺前共混法制备了N-P-Si协同阻燃粘胶纤维,采用极限氧指数测定了阻燃粘胶纤维阻燃性能,应用同步热重―质谱联用技术研究阻燃粘胶纤维的热稳定性以及气态产物,初步探究了阻燃粘胶纤维热分解机理。结果表明:经共混法制备的N-P-Si协同阻燃粘胶纤维极限氧指数为26.8,属于难燃产物。研究表明,阻燃剂的加入促进脱水炭化作用,在高温下热分解残余量明显高于粘胶纤维,阻燃剂磷酸三(丁氧基乙基)酯(TBEP)和三聚氰胺主要在气相中起到湮灭燃烧自由基和稀释可燃气体的作用,硅酸钠兼有隔绝空气及吸烟作用。     

铝酸镍和CaCO3协效体系对PVC的阻燃研究

以硝酸铝(Al(NO_3)3·9H_2O)和硝酸镍(Ni(NO_3)2·6H_2O)为原料制备出铝酸镍阻燃剂,并将铝酸镍和碳酸钙协效应用到软PVC材料的阻燃研究中。通过烟密度、氧指数、断裂伸长率和拉伸强度等测试,得出铝酸镍和碳酸钙的最佳协效比为5∶5。此时烟密度值为71.26%,氧指数值为30.2%,拉伸强度为22.80MPa,断裂伸长率为222%,并通过热分析对其降解行为进行了研究。     

Thermal stability and flame retardance properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene/polyvinyl chloride/organophilic Fe-montmorillonite nanocomposites

In the article, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene/polyvinyl chloride/organophilic Fe-montmorillonite (ABS/PVC/Fe-OMT) nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation method. In order to determine if the presence of iron ion in the structure of organophilic montmorillonite (OMT) lattice can affect thermal, flame retardance and smoke suppressant properties in the ABS/PVC blends. ABS/PVC/organophilic natural montmorillonite (Na-OMT) nanocomposites were prepared as the comparable sample. Fe-MMT and Na-MMT were treated by cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The information on morphologies and structures of ABS/PVC/OMT nanocomposites was obtained using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal properties of the nanocomposites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, and flame retardant properties were obtained via limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test and smoke density. The nanocomposites, based on Fe-OMT, exhibited better flame retardance, better smoke suppressant properties, and lower degradation degree than those of pure ABS/PVC blends and the ABS/PVC/Na-OMT nanocomposites.