乙醇-水体系3D纳/微米球形磷酸铁的制备与表征

提出了一种在温和条件下制备高振实密度球形磷酸铁的简单方法。制备过程中无需引入碱性物质调节pH和添加其他模板剂,仅以九水合硝酸铁[Fe（NO₃）·9H₂O]和磷酸（H₃PO₄）为原料,在乙醇-水体系中即可制备3D纳/微米球形磷酸铁（记为FPE）。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、激光粒度仪、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、热重-差式扫描量热仪（TG-DSC）、比表面积测试仪（BET）等对制备的磷酸铁进行表征分析。结果显示,制备的磷酸铁具有3D纳/微米球形结构,平均一次粒径为27.2 nm,二次粒径D₅₀为3.75 μm。FPE的组成为二水合磷酸铁（FePO₄·2H₂O）,纯度较高,具有介孔结构,平均孔径为2.75 nm,比表面积为22.41 cm ²/g,同时具有较高的振实密度（1.34 g/cm ³）。3D纳/微米球形磷酸铁制备方法简单,性能优异,以其为前驱体制备的磷酸铁锂（LiFePO₄/C）具有较高的振实密度（1.46 g/cm ³）,在0.2C倍率下的放电比容量为157.9 mA·h/g。     

前驱体二水磷酸铁对磷酸铁锂电化学性能的影响

以钛白生产副产物七水硫酸亚铁为铁源,工业磷酸二氢铵为磷源,双氧水为氧化剂,采用共沉淀法合成了不同粒径和形貌的二水磷酸铁,并以此为前驱体,通过碳热还原法制备了粒径不同的LiFePO₄/C正极材料。经过对样品进行X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）以及恒电流充放电测试,研究了二水磷酸铁及LiFePO₄/C的结构、形貌以及电化学性能。结果表明,以较细的二水磷酸铁为铁源,制备得到的LiFePO₄/C颗粒较细,且具有更优异的电化学性能。0.1、0.5、1、2、5、10 C放电比容量分别为154、148、144、140、130、120 mA·h/g。     

片状LiFePO4/C正极材料制备及其电化学性能研究

在温和的反应条件下，使用十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)成功合成了片状二水磷酸铁，并将其与氢氧化锂、柠檬酸球磨混合，采用碳热还原法制备了具有纳米厚度的片状LiFePO₄/C电极材料。研究了SDBS对磷酸铁形貌以及LiFePO₄/C电极材料电化学性能的影响。利用X-射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和充放电测试等技术手段，对合成样品的物相、形貌和电化学性能进行了分析测试。电化学测试表明，在25℃，2.0～4.2 V电压范围条件下，使用片状二水磷酸铁为前驱体制备的LiFePO₄/C样品，在0.1 C下放电比容量高达166.4 mA·h·g^-1，且首次库仑效率达到99.6%，在1 C下循环500次容量保持率为99%，表现出了优异的电化学性能。     

水热法一步合成磷酸铁锂及其性能研究

为优化液相法一步制备磷酸铁锂（LiFePO₄）技术,以七水合硫酸亚铁、磷酸二氢铵、一水合氢氧化锂为原料,通过添加十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）作为表面活性剂,采用液相水热法合成技术,一步合成了LiFePO₄正极材料。研究了水热法一步合成技术对LiFePO₄材料的组成、结构、形貌、粒度等的影响,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、粒度分析仪等对材料进行了表征分析,并测试了材料的电化学性能。研究结果表明,合成得到的LiFePO₄材料为微米级球形颗粒形貌的正交晶系非化学计量比的Li_1.02Fe_0.994PO₄材料。电化学性能测试结果表明,在0.1C倍率下首次充、放电比容量分别为162.0、159.9 mA·h/g,库伦效率达到98.7%、倍率性能（以1C/0.1C保持率计）为92.3%,0.1C倍率循环100次容量保持率为96.4%,展现出良好的电化学性能。     

电池级磷酸铁的制备及性能

以铁粉和H₃PO₄为原料,采用沉淀法制备了FePO₄,并研究了反应温度、反应时间、过氧化氢加入量对FePO₄性能的影响。利用X射线衍射分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、激光粒度分析仪、TG/DTA和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪等对制备的磷酸铁形貌、晶体结构与化学成分进行了表征。实验结果表明,磷酸铁制备过程的最佳实验条件为：反应温度70℃,反应时间1h,H₂O₂过量10%滴加时间60min。在最佳条件下制备的磷酸铁粒径为1~4μm,结晶度好,纯度高。样品中铁的质量分数为36.37%,磷的质量分数为20.86%,铁磷物质的量比为0.97,均可达到电池级磷酸铁的标准,完全可以满足磷酸铁锂正极材料前体的要求。     

锂离子电池正极材料磷酸铁锂研究进展

与氧化钴锂（LiCoO₂）、氧化镍锂（LiNiO₂）相比,橄榄石结构磷酸铁锂(LiFePO₄)具有安全、环保、比容量高、循环性能优异、高温特性好等优点,被誉为最具发展前景的锂离子电池正极材料。长的循环寿命、优良的高倍率放电性能、高的放电平台、大的能量密度以及良好的热稳定性能,也使得磷酸铁锂成为高功率动力电池正极的首选材料。但是,磷酸铁锂也存在电子电导率相对较低、锂离子扩散系数小、振实密度不高、低温特性不好等缺点,因而制约着它的应用和发展。从磷酸铁锂结构、性能、制备和改性等方面综述了近年来磷酸铁锂的研究进展。     

三聚磷酸铁的制备及其防锈和电化学性能初探

通过高温缩合反应合成了三聚磷酸铁(Fe H₂P₃O₁₀·2H₂O),采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)进行了表征,初步研究了其防锈性能,以及作为前驱体所合成的三聚磷酸铁锂正极材料的比容量和库伦效率。结果表明,所合成的三聚磷酸铁颗粒为类球形,粒径约0.5～1μm,防锈性能略优于三聚磷酸铝。三聚磷酸铁锂的比容量为210m Ah·g^-1,明显高于磷酸铁锂的理论比容量(170m Ah·g^-1),库伦效率接近100%,充放电可逆性好。该材料具有优良的防锈性能和电化学性能,具有很好的潜在应用前景。     

提高正极材料磷酸铁锂倍率性能的研究进展

橄榄石结构的磷酸铁锂（LiFePO₄）被认为是潜力巨大的锂离子动力电池的正极材料,具有理论比容量高、安全性好、循环寿命长、环境友好和原料来源广泛等优点。但是,由于其本身结构的缺陷,导致其倍率性能低下。本文阐述了近年来改善LiFePO₄的倍率性能的研究,重点介绍了包覆碳导电层、掺杂金属离子、合成纳米材料、制备多孔材料等方法,其中以纳米颗粒为基本结构单元的多孔LiFePO₄微米球材料倍率性能优异、体积能量密度高,具备广阔的研究和应用前景。     

硝酸铁和磷酸共沉淀法制备电池级磷酸铁工艺研究

以硝酸铁和磷酸为原料，利用共沉淀法制备了电池级磷酸铁，研究了反应温度、反应物浓度、投料比和反应时间对磷酸铁产率和粒径的影响，并通过正交优化得到了最佳的工艺条件：硝酸铁浓度为1.1 mol/L、投料比(磷酸与硝酸铁物质的量比)为1.1、反应温度为90℃、反应时间为8 h。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、激光粒度仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、热重-差式扫描量热仪(TG-DTA)等对制备的磷酸铁进行表征分析。分析结果表明：在优化条件下得到的二水磷酸铁为单斜晶，纯度高，二次粒径D₅₀为2.41μm，均符合电池级磷酸铁的要求。以磷酸铁为前驱体制备的LiFePO₄/C性能良好，将其作为正极材料组成的电池在0.05C、0.1C、1C倍率下首次放电比容量分别为143.9、136.8、131.4 mA·h/g。     

Li3PO4的生成条件研究及其对LiFePO4正极材料性能的影响

研究了磷酸铁锂(LiFePO₄)制造过程中共生磷酸锂(Li₃PO₄)的生产条件,总结出混料锂铁比例、研磨粒径以及烧结工艺对共生磷酸锂(Li₃PO₄)含量的影响规律。实验结果表明,Li/Fe比例>1.04,研磨粒度>1.0μm,烧成温度达到820℃条件下,容易造成磷酸铁锂中Li₃PO₄杂质的生成。实验证明,当磷酸铁锂中Li₃PO₄含量升高会带来LiFePO₄正极材料充放电性能和电阻的增大,不利于材料电化学性能的发挥。     

响应面法优化碳热还原合成LiFePO4/C的工艺参数（英文）

A statistically based optimization strategy is used to optimize the carbothermal reduction technology for the synthesis of LiFePO4/C using LiOH,FePO4 and sucrose as raw materials.The experimental data for fitting the response are collected by the central composite rotatable design(CCD).A second order model for the discharge ca-pacity of LiFePO4/C is expressed as a function of sintering temperature,sintering time and carbon content.The ef-fects of individual variables and their interactions are studied by a statistical analysis(ANOVA).The results show that the linear effects and the quadratic effects of sintering temperature,carbon content and the interactions among these variables are statistically significant,while those effects of sintering time are insignificant.Response surface plots for spatial representation of the model illustrate that the discharge capacity depends on sintering temperature and carbon content more than sintering time.The model obtained gives the optimized reaction parameters of sinter-ing temperature at 652.0 ℃,carbon content of 34.33 g?mol-1 and 8.48 h sintering time,corresponding to a dis-charge capacity of 150.8 mA·h·g-1.The confirmatory test with these optimum parameters gives the discharge ca-pacity of 147.2 and 105.1 mA·h·g-1 at 0.5 and 5 C,respectively.     

Long-term cyclability of nanostructured LiFePO4

Amorphous LiFePO₄ was obtained by lithiation of FePO₄ synthesized by spontaneous precipitation from equimolar aqueous solutions of Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂·6H₂O and NH₄H₂PO₄, using hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agent. Nano-crystalline LiFePO₄ was obtained by heating amorphous nano-sized LiFePO₄ for different periods of time. The materials were characterized by TG, DTA, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and BET. All materials showed very good electrochemical performance in terms of energy and power density. Upon cycling, a capacity fading affected the materials, thus reducing the electrochemical performance. Nevertheless, the fading decreased upon cycling and after the 200th cycle the cell was able to cycle for more than 500 cycles without further fading.     

A Facile Route for Synthesis of LiFePO4/C Cathode Material with Nano-sized Primary Particles

A facile and practical route was introduced to prepare LiFePO4/C cathode material with nano-sized primary particles and excellent electrochemical performance. LiH2PO4 was synthesized by using H3PO4 and LiOH as raw materials. Then, as-prepared LiH2PO4, reduced iron powder andα-D-glucose were ball-milled, dried and sin-tered to prepare LiFePO4/C. X-ray diffractometry was used to characterize LiH2PO4, ball-milled product and LiFePO4/C. Differential scanning calorimeter-thermo gravimetric analysis was applied to investigate possible reac-tions in sintering and find suitable temperature for LiFePO4 formation. Scanning electron microscopy was em-ployed for the morphology of LiFePO4/C. As-prepared LiH2PO4 is characterized to be in P21cn（33） space group, which reacts with reduced iron powder to form Li3PO4, Fe3（PO4）2 and H2 in ball-milling and sintering. The appro-priate temperature for LiFePO4/C synthesis is 541.3-976.7 ℃. LiFePO4/C prepared at 700 ℃ presents nano-sized primary particles forming aggregates. Charge-discharge examination indicates that as-prepared LiFePO4/C displays appreciable discharge capacities of 145 and 131 mA·h·g^-1 at 0.1 and 1 C respectively and excellent discharge ca-pacity retention.     

Synthesis of sub-micrometer lithium iron phosphate particles for lithium ion battery by using supercritical hydrothermal method简

A supercritical hydrothermal method was employed to prepare sub-micrometer LiFePO4 particles with high purity and crystallinity. The structure and morphology of LiFePO4 particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The electrochemical tests were carried out to determine the reversible capacity, rate and cycling performance of the LiFePO4 particles as cathode material for lithium ion battery. Experimental results show that solvent and calcining time have significant effects on purity, size and morphology of LiFePO4 particles. Mixed solvent contained deionized water and ethanol is conducive to synthesize smaller and more uniform particles. The size of LiFePO4 particles as-prepared is about 100-300 nm. The specific discharge capacities of the LiFePO4 particles are 151.3 and 128.0 mA. h. g-1 after first cycle at the rates of 0.1 and 1.0 C, respectively. It retains 95.0% of the initial capacity after 100 cycles at 1.0 C.     

锂离子电池正极材料磷酸铁锂的研究进展

磷酸铁锂（LiFePO₄）具有高温稳定性较好、循环性能良好、环保等特点,已成为锂离子动力电池正极材料之一。但由于磷酸铁锂电导率低及锂离子扩散速率慢等缺点,制约其在动力电池行业的发展。因此主要从包覆碳材料对磷酸铁锂进行表面改性、对磷酸铁锂进行掺杂、制备亚微米或纳米级的磷酸铁锂或制备特殊形貌的磷酸铁锂3方面进行综述,分析改善磷酸铁锂性能最优的方法,对其未来的发展趋势进行了预测。     

A PVB-based rheological phase approach to nano-LiFePO4/C composite cathodes

Nano-LiFePO₄/C cathode materials were synthesized by a PVB-based rheological phase method, followed by calcination at 550 °C for 10 h in argon. Simultaneous thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicates that the crystallization temperature of LiFePO₄ is about 436 °C. In the process of heat treatment, the decomposition of polyvinylbutyral coats carbon on the synthesized LiFePO₄ particles in situ. The resulting LiFePO₄ powders with fine particle sizes and homogeneous carbon network connection were observed by using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical measurements show that the LiFePO₄/C composite cathode delivers a large discharge capacity of 162.3 mAh·g^− 1 at the 0.1 C rate, and exhibits a favorable capacity cycling maintenance at lower charge and discharge rate such as 0.5 C rate.     

镁离子掺杂磷酸铁锂的制备及其电化学性能

通过简单水热反应制备磷酸铁锂前驱体,并结合后期热处理过程制备了镁离子掺杂碳包覆的磷酸铁锂正极材料。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）等表征了镁离子掺杂磷酸铁锂的成分、形貌和结构。元素分布结果证明镁离子均匀掺杂在磷酸铁锂材料中。通过恒流充放电和循环伏安、交流阻抗等方法对材料的电化学性能进行测试。结果表明,镁离子掺杂后的磷酸铁锂材料具有较高的放电比容量（0.1C放电比容量为 160.1 mA·h/g）和优越的倍率性能（20C放电比容量为77.2 mA·h/g）,同时减小了极化和电荷迁移电阻。这条合成路线是提高水热法制备磷酸铁锂正极材料电化学性能的有效方法。