CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOR IN TITANIUM ALLOY TC11AT ROOM AND HIGH TEMPERATURES

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｌｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌａｎａｌｙｔｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｏｆｔｈｅｆａｔｉｇｕｅｌｉｆｅｆｏｒａｅｒｏｅｎｇｉｎｅｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓｒｅｌｙｏｎｓｐｅｃｉｍｅｎｏｒｆｕｌｓｃａｌｅｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓｔｅｓｔｓ,...     

超高强度钢37SiMnCrNiMoV应力腐蚀过程中声发射信号的研究

采用AE技术对超高强度钢37SiMnCrNiMoV在3.5%NaCl 溶液中的SCC行为进行研究.证明在裂纹的稳定扩展区内,裂纹是间歇,跳跃式的扩展.发现 腐蚀裂纹尖端的应力强度因子处于0.7KIC和0.23KIC时,平均每次声发射事件 对应的裂纹扩展量相近;应力强度因子处于035 KIC时,平均每次声发射事件对应 的裂纹扩展量较大;声发射事件的发生频率随应力水平的增加,有很大的增加.腐蚀裂纹扩 展的全过程存在两种不同的声发射信号.还证明了37SiMnCrNiMoV的应力腐蚀裂纹扩展过程 中,氢脆起着主要的作用.提出了计算腐蚀裂纹稳定扩展区内声发射事件累积数的公式.     

2.25Cr-1Mo材料在拉伸过程中的声发射信号聚类分析

声发射(AE)技术能用来区分发生在受载材料内的不同损伤模式,而聚类分析能在无先验知识的情况下通过揭示数据内部结构对数据进行分类。声发射波形包含了丰富的声发射源信息,而常规的特征参数并不能满足深层次的声源识别要求。文章尝试从波形的频率分布特征、形状特征和强度特征三个方面分别选取小波变换能量特征系数、波形裕度因子和幅值作为描述声发射波形的新参数。基于波形新参数的聚类分析能有效地区分加氢反应器材料2.25Cr-1Mo带裂纹和无裂纹试件拉伸过程中屈服阶段塑性变形信号、微裂纹扩展信号和断裂失稳信号。     

Wavelet-based AE characterization of composite materials

This paper addresses an application of recently developed wavelet-based signal processing technique on a composite fracture behavior study. Here, the wavelet methodology is introduced, and a complete procedure of wavelet-based acoustic emission (AE) analysis methods developed by the author are demonstrated. In this research, the AE signals from glass fiber reinforced (GFR) composites are collected during the standard quasi-static tensile testing and transformed by the Daubechies discrete wavelets using the programs developed by the author. Based on AE tests, the fracture behaviors are studied for the material. In the study of GFR composite fracture behavior, classical linear fracture mechanics method is used for comparison. The exponential constant m value used to determine the relationship between stress and stress intensity factor are compared relative to the classical fracture mechanics and the AE techniques. In order to demonstrate the advantage of the wavelet-based AE techniques, the conventional AE analysis is also provided side-by-side for comparison. The results verify that the wavelet-based method better approximates residual strength relative to the classical AE techniques.In this paper, the results of the wavelet-based AE analysis of glass fiber composites are presented. The results indicate that wavelets-based signal processing is an efficient tool in the analysis and the transformation of AE signals.     

FRACTURE TOUGHNESS TEST BY IMPACT-FATIGUE METHOD

多次冲击条件下裂纹尖端应力强度因子的表达式为K_I=(AE/BW)~(1/2)·F(a/W)。经柔度法标定,其临界值可用以度量材料的断裂韧性。所得结果相当于加载速率为k=10~5公斤/毫米~(3/2)/秒下的动态断裂韧性K_(Id)。断口上临界裂纹尺寸在(a/W)=0.36-0.6范围内,结果有效。多次冲击法较为简便,只需测出断口上的临界裂纹尺寸,便可在已绘好的曲线上直接查出材料的断裂韧性。在实际生产中可以作为一种筛选方法应用。     

声发射源特性的神经网络模式识别研究

提出一种对声发射源活动情况进行模式识别的方法。该方法以裂纹的形成、扩展和断裂三个阶段为声发射源,通过对声发射的参数进行采样和分析,利用不同类型的人工神经网络进行模式识别,以判断理解纹的危害程度。该方法也可用于区别噪声、泄漏、裂纹等不同声发射源的声发射信号,以判断缺陷的类别。     

基于神经网络的曲轴残余应力预测

基于曲轴强化的残余应力理论,将人工神经网络引入发动机曲轴圆角的残余应力预测中,首先利用DEFORM有限元软件对480Q曲轴进行滚压试验,得到数组不同滚压参数对应的残余应力,然后根据此数据建立了比较稳定的神经网络,并利用此网络预测曲轴圆角滚压后的残余应力.该神经网络与有限元分析结果比较接近,为曲轴滚压中残余应力预测提供了一种新方法.     

7075铝合金在液体金属Ga中的脆断行为

用WOL恒位移试样研究了7075铝合金在液体金属Ga中的脆断行为金相跟踪观察表明,Ga吸附后首先促进局部塑性变形,在缺口前方形成四下的塑性区,然后脆性激裂纹形核．液体金属脆断的临界应力强度因子．反向加载（位移V＜0）时,液体金属脆性激裂纹在远离缺口顶端的拉应力区中形核,微裂纹向拉应力区扩展而中止于压应力区反向加载时,试作断裂的名义应力强度因子为．所有断裂试样均为沿晶断口．     

Microstructure and Texture Evolution During the Alternate Extrusion of an AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

In this study, a new extrusion process, alternate extrusion (AE), is proposed. We evaluated the reliability and superiority of this process in practical applications by conducting a simulation using the finite element method, which confirmed the experimental results. The microstructure characteristics of an AZ31 magnesium alloy produced by conventional extrusion (CE) and AE were investigated by electron backscattered diffraction and optical microscopy, and the effects of the microstructures on the mechanical properties were studied across the extruded specimens. The main advantage of AE is that the load is reduced to less than half that in the CE process; this results from the reduced cross-section of the split punches. Additionally, the grain size with AE is more refined than with CE because of the additional shear force, which improves the mechanical properties of the alloys. Furthermore, AE can also weaken the intensity of the basal plane texture.     

Study on H2S stress corrosion test of welded joint for X65pipeline steel and numerical analysis

The susceptibility of welded joint for the X65 pipeline steel to H2S stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is investigated.SCC tests on the steel are carded out in the environment based on NACE TM-O1-77 solution with saturated gaseous H2S. The threshold stress intensity factor and crack propagation velocity are calculated according to wedge-opening loading (WOL)specimens. The three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analysis of WOL specimens is pesformed by using the FEM programming package ANSYS. Stress field and concentration of hydrogen distribution property ahead of the crack tip are obtained. This paper surveyed the microstructure of welded joint and studied on the mechanical properties of X65 pipeline steel.It provides experimental basis for studying stress corrosion. The results of numerical analysis are consistent with conclusions of stress corrosion test.     

应力促进PZT铁电陶瓷的电致滞后断裂

用单边缺口拉伸试样研究了外加应力强度因子对PZT-5铁电陶瓷电致瞬时断裂以及在硅油中电致滞后断裂的影响。结果表明,在硅油中发生瞬时断裂的临界电场强度EF随外加应力强度因子KI的升高而线性下降,外加正、负恒电场在硅油中能发生滞后断裂,外加KI则促进电致滞后断裂,电致滞后断裂的门槛电场EDF随KI升高而线性下降,且和电场符号无关,外加应力促进恒电场下的滞后断裂表明,应力、电场和环境对铁电陶瓷的断裂存在耦合作用。     

应用本构模型和神经网络模型预测铝/镁基纳米复合材料的高温流变行为(英文)

为了预测Al/Mg基纳米复合材料的高温流变行为,在不同的应变速率(0.01-1.0s-)和温度(523,623和1723K)的条件下进行热压缩试验,利用所得到的应力-应变数据,开发了本构模型,比如一般流动方程。阿累尼乌斯双曲模型、Johnson-Cook(JC)和改性的Zerilli-Armstrong(ZA)模型及人工神经网络(ANN)模型。通过使用统计参数,例如均方根误差(RMSE)、回归系数(R2)、平均相对误差(MRE)和分散指数(Is),比较了人工神经网络和不同的本构模型。结果表明,人工神经网络模型对AA5083-2%TiC复合材料的热变形流动应力的评估准确性更高。     

管线钢焊接接头H2S应力腐蚀试验分析

采用楔形张开加载(WOL)试样,对X56、X65管线钢不同焊接工艺下焊接接头的焊缝金属和热影响区在H2S介质中的抗应力腐蚀性能进行了试验研究.结果表明,全部平行试样都发生了少量的裂纹扩展,当应力强度因子K达到临界值(KISCC),裂纹不再扩展.在文中采用的焊接工艺下制备的X56钢和X65钢焊接接头,热影响区的抗H2S应力腐蚀性能略强于焊缝金属,且焊缝金属和热影响区性能均低于文献中介绍的母材性能,可以认为是焊缝金属和热影响区粗晶区的晶粒粗化、焊接缺陷、焊接残余应力和焊缝的高匹配等因素造成的.     

Determination of threshold stress intensity factor for stress corrosion cracking (KISCC) of steel heat affected zone

Threshold stress intensity factor for stress corrosion cracking of heat affected zone (HAZ) of mild steel in caustic solution has been determined using circumferential notch tensile (CNT) technique. HAZ microstructure produced during manual metal arc welding of grade 250 steel was simulated over a length of 35 mm of CNT specimens, using a thermo-mechanical simulator. Inter-granular stress corrosion cracking has been confirmed with scanning electron microscope. The results presented here validate the ability of CNT technique for determination of K_ISCC of HAZ and base metal.     

防喷器材料在拉伸过程中的声发射信号特性

用声发射技术研究防喷器材料ZG25CrNiMo裂纹试件的拉伸损伤与断裂行为。声发射仪器记录了ZG25CrNiMo裂纹试件在拉伸破坏过程中的声发射信号,运用声发射参数分析方法和波形分析方法对zG25crNiMo裂纹缺陷试件的声发射数据进行分析,得出材料在拉伸过程中的损伤类型以及各阶段所呈现的特性。试验结果表明,拉伸过程中破坏机制对声发射信号的特征具有显著影响,不同损伤阶段的信号频谱特征存在差异。     

热处理对AE42压铸镁合金低周疲劳行为的影响

研究了固溶+时效处理(T6)对AE42压铸镁合金在疲劳加载条件下的循环应力响应行为、疲劳寿命以及断裂行为的影响。结果表明,压铸态和固溶+时效态的AE42镁合金均表现为循环应变硬化,固溶+时效处理可导致AE42压铸镁合金的循环应力幅有所提高,并可有效提高AE42压铸镁合金的疲劳寿命。疲劳断口形貌观察结果表明,疲劳裂纹萌生于疲劳试样的表面,并以穿晶方式扩展。     

Improvement of the Prediction Accuracy and Efficiency of Hot Strength of Austenitic Steels with Optimised ANN Training Schemes

The hot strength of austenitic steels of different carbon contents was modelled using an artificial neural network (ANN) model with optimum training data. As training data employed in a traditional neural network model were randomly selected from experimental data, they were not representative and the prediction accuracy and efficiency were therefore significantly affected. In this work, only representatively experimental data were used for training and during the procedure, one tenth of the training data extracted from experiment were used for testing the training model and terminating the modelling. The effects of the carbon con tent on flow stress, peak strains and peak stresses observed from the experiment for both training and test data were accurately represented with the ANN scheme reported in this work.     

Study on source location using an acoustic emission system for various corrosion types

In this paper, four main types of corrosion: uniform, pitting, crevice and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) found in the petrochemical industry, were characterized and identified by Acoustic Emission (AE) analysis using their locations and extracted AE parameters. A novel low-cost AE location system based on a Field Programmable Gate Array PC (FPGA-PC) and a LOCAN 320 AE analyzer were utilized in this study. Specimens used in experiments were austenitic stainless-steel SS304. The pattern of AE signals from each type of corrosion was plotted using their location and correlation. Experimental results show the ability of our FPGA-PC system to determine corrosion locations. The correlations of AE parameters including amplitude, counts, hits and time were used to identify different types of corrosion. In addition, the characteristics of the corrosion process for each type are explained using the AE signals obtained corresponding to the source locations, together with experimental observation.     

常温高压氢环境下测定A372钢K_(IH)的氢脆实验

本实验采用预制疲劳裂纹的WOL试样的楔型张开加载(WOL)实验,测定了在室温高压氢环境下高压容器用A372钢氢脆临界应力强度因子(KIH).实验结果表明:A372钢在室温150大气压时的KIH值大于113.5Pa,具有良好的抗氢性能,在本实验条件下可安全使用.关键词     

Prediction of Flow Stress in Cadmium Using Constitutive Equation and Artificial Neural Network Approach

A model is developed to predict the constitutive flow behavior of cadmium during compression test using artificial neural network (ANN). The inputs of the neural network are strain, strain rate, and temperature, whereas flow stress is the output. Experimental data obtained from compression tests in the temperature range ?30 to 70 °C, strain range 0.1 to 0.6, and strain rate range 10^?3 to 1 s^?1 are employed to develop the model. A three-layer feed-forward ANN is trained with Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm. It has been shown that the developed ANN model can efficiently and accurately predict the deformation behavior of cadmium. This trained network could predict the flow stress better than a constitutive equation of the type $ \dot{\upvarepsilon } = A\sinh (\upalpha /\upsigma )^{n} \exp ( - Q/RT) $ .