干气脱硫的参数控制

在干气制乙苯装置中硫化氢的含量直接影响后续产品的质量及设备、管道材质,所以必须对进料干气进行脱硫处理。对干气脱硫过程中的各参数的控制是脱硫过程的关键。一般控制干气脱硫塔的操作温度在40～45℃,选择1～1.5MPa作为脱硫塔的操作压力,适当增加干气脱硫塔的塔板数,控制MDEA溶液浓度为25%～40%。提高溶剂再生塔的温度,一般塔顶温度为110℃,塔底温度为120℃,降低溶剂再生塔的塔顶压力为0.1MPa。使干气中硫化氢含量达到（10～30）×10^-6的要求。     

干气部分取代石脑油制氨的技术经济探讨

通过对干气预处理装王的运行控制及对系统影响的分析,探讨了干气预处理装置的运行经济性,并对“油改煤”项目实施后干气预处理装置的经济运行进行了探讨。     

超临界CO2干气密封流动场数值计算与试验验证

超临界CO2特定的介质物性对干气密封的开发设计有着显著影响.以超临界CO2干气密封为研究对象,讨论了气体实际效应下的雷诺方程和能量控制方程,利用有限差分法进行耦合求解,并编制了超临界CO2干气密封流动场的数值计算程序.通过搭建试验台,测试验证了计算程序的有效性.结果表明,在参数控制合理的情况下,超临界CO2干气密封端面...     

罗茨风机干气密封气源控制系统

气源是干气密封正常工作的基础,选择什么样的密封气作为气源是关键,如何保证气源的稳定性特别重要。本文阐述了罗茨风机干气密封气源控制系统的工作原理、气源控制工艺流程以及怎样操作气源控制系统,分析了气源控制系统在干气密封正常运行中的重要作用。     

10万吨/年干气脱硫装置运行分析

介绍了国内现在干气脱硫技术和延安石油化工厂10万吨/年干气脱硫装置运行情况,通过运行状况的分析以及工艺参数的调整,有效的控制精制干气总硫含量。在调整工艺参数的同时确保装置运行平稳,产品质量合格,最终将能耗降到最低,达到了预期的目标。     

PSA复合常温油吸收工艺技术回收炼厂干气中乙烯资源

我国炼油企业生产的干气数量庞大,从炼厂干气中回收C_2及更重的轻烃资源对炼化一体化企业提高经济效益和资源再利用具有重要意义。目前已实现工业化应用的炼厂干气回收工艺技术主要有深冷分离、油吸收分离和吸附分离。深冷分离法优点是产品回收率高,纯度高,但其制冷系统流程复杂、投资大、能耗高、对原料要求高,涉及到的专利技术多,更适合于大规模生产。油吸收分离法优点是回收率较高,流程简单,制冷系统简单,但该方法能耗较高。变压吸附分离(PSA)技术优点是能耗低,流程相对独立,但其C_2组分回收率相对较低,富C_2产品气中甲烷含量相对较高。各种方法均有自己的优势和不足。为了兼顾高回收率、高品质、低能耗的要求,结合PSA法与油吸收分离法各自的优点,提出了采用一段PSA复合常温油吸收的新工艺。以某炼厂干气为例,用流程模拟软件对一段PSA复合常温油吸收工艺进行模拟。结果表明:该工艺具有回收率高、产品气纯度高、能耗适中的优点,有广阔的推广应用前景。     

降低FCC干气中重组分提高总液收的探讨

针对中国石化洛阳分公司Ⅰ套蜡油催化裂化装置吸收稳定系统干气C+3含量超标的情况,根据生产实际和吸收的基本理论,探讨了影响干气C+3含量的因素。从调整吸收塔温度、压力、吸收剂流量及解吸温度等方面优化操作条件,探讨了通过降低干气中C+3含量来提高总液收的可行性。其中吸收塔顶温度对干气中C+3含量影响最直接、最容易调节。对装置实际生产数据与影响因素进行分析,并提出优化措施。控制好吸收和解吸操作,使催化裂化装置干气中C+3含量控制在1.5%以内,不但有利于下游装置的平稳操作,还可以提高总液收率。     

关于K01301机组干气密封损坏原因分析

由于第5、6级干气密封排放压差高，使机组负荷加不上，通过排水、调整干气密封气、控制流量等措施，保证机组稳定运行。     

最大规模浅冷油吸收法C1/C2分离技术工业应用实践

某公司采用浅冷油吸收法干气回收专利技术新建了一套C₁/C₂分离装置,以正丁烷为吸收剂吸收干气中的碳二馏分,再以重石脑油为吸收剂回收燃料气中夹带的碳四馏分,得到富乙烷气、轻烃和粗氢气分别送入乙烯装置、液化气分离装置和PSA装置。该分离装置规模达到了1.6 Mt/a,可以实现将20 Mt/a炼化一体化项目中炼油装置的干气全部加工。装置投产运行1年后进行了标定,结果显示,乙烷回收率和纯度分别达到了92.7%和93.7%,产品分布良好,综合能耗达标,表明该技术的选择成熟可靠,值得推广应用。     

川东地区天然气管道干气输送效果分析

川东地区运用管道输送干含硫天然气已十余年,本文结合运用实际,分析干气输送对管道内腐蚀的控制效果,核算对比干、湿气输送生产成本,总结干气输送的优缺点及改进建议。     

利用复合肥干燥尾气热能减少造粒机处理尾吸水的负荷

复合肥干燥尾气带有大量热量,通过系统热平衡计算,对系统的水平衡进行优化,合理利用尾气的热能,减少尾吸系统产生的含固废水量,减少造粒机处理尾吸水的负荷,从而达到提高系统产能及降低消耗的目的。     

年产1000万吨赖氨酸发酵工艺设计

赖氨酸作为人体必须氨基酸之一,在食品工业、医药工业和饲料工业上有着广泛的应用。由于发酵法工艺简单,生产周期短,本文选择以发酵法进行赖氨酸的工艺设计。针对该工艺进行了物料衡算和热量衡算,经过该工艺生产工艺设计可以得到较高产率和纯度的赖氨酸。     

蜡油加氢处理装置物料流向和能耗分析

对洛阳石化蜡油加氢处理装置物料平衡和能耗进行了统计分析,介绍了装置物流走向和收率、综合能耗组成及变化,为企业优化生产、降低加工成本提供了依据。装置原料是混合蜡油和氢气,产品主要是精制蜡油、加氢干气和加氢酸性气,副产柴油和石脑油。装置负荷在162 136~201 298 t的情况下,总收率约99.9%,并且总收率随装置处理量的增大而变大。     

Population balance modeling of bubble size distributions in a direct-contact evaporator using a sparger model

The study of bubble size distributions in direct-contact evaporators was addressed both theoretically and experimentally. Recently developed models for calculating bubble coalescence and breakage frequencies in isothermal bubble columns were adapted to the population balance equation using the bubble mass as the internal coordinate which was discretized using an expansion of the number density function by impulse functions. A sparger model was developed based on experimental data for a non-coalescing system and using bubble formation models for isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Bubble size distributions in a direct-contact evaporator operating in the quasi-steady-state regime for four different gas superficial velocities, including the homogeneous and heterogeneous regimes, together with the sparger model, were used for estimating the three empirical parameters from the population balance model, which were observed to be functions of the gas superficial velocity. In all cases considered, the population balance model fitted the experimental data rather well and the regressed parameters exhibit the physically expected behavior with changes in the gas superficial velocity.     

一种基于消耗预测的钢铁企业煤气平衡与数据校正方法

煤气发生与消耗计量的不平衡是钢铁企业普遍存在的问题,传统的平衡方法难以客观、科学的进行煤气平衡与数据校正。本文建立了三种煤气消耗预测模型,能对轧钢类、炼钢类和烧结类用户的煤气消耗量进行预测,提出一种基于消耗预测的煤气自动平衡与数据校正方法,能够对各个用户的煤气用量进行数据校正,并能自动平衡煤气的总发生与总消耗计量。工业应用表明,所提方法能有效提高煤气平衡和数据校正的自动化程度,为企业成本核算和煤气调度提供重要依据。     

A model‐based precipitation study of copper‐based catalysts

Numerical methods of particle technology are used to model the formation of catalyst precursors with the purpose to control disperse properties. A multicomponent and multiphase population balance model is applied to the precipitation of catalyst precursors in a T‐mixer. Copper precursors are chosen to be investigated in detail as a basis for catalysts with a broad range of applications such as in methanol synthesis, water‐gas shift and hydrogenation reactions. The simulations results could be validated by ex situ measurements such as the pH of the suspension, the solid dry weight of the precipitate, and the yield. Simulations show that dissociation reactions of copper and carbonate species in water control significantly the formation of Georgeite. Consumption of the copper component by solid formation can be controlled in a range of 20–100% by the adjustment of the pH of the copper nitrate reactant solution. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 2104–2116, 2015     

总焓平衡法在合成氨系统热量平衡中的应用

从实用的角度介绍了合成氨气体焓的计算方法，并对采用元素平衡和能量平衡方程的总焓平衡来作热量衡算的方法进行了讨论。     

Modelling and economic analysis of gas production from hydrates by depressurization method

Gas production from a hydrate reservoir involves decomposition of the solid hydrate. An analytical model is developed to predict reservoir performance for gas production by the depressurization method from a hydrate reservoir containing associated free gas. The model is developed by combining the intrinsic kinetics of hydrate decomposition, which is of interest to chemical engineers, with gas inflow performance relationship and material balance equations. An economic analysis model is also developed and incorporated with the reservoir performance model. These models are used in a case study of gas production from a hydrate reservoir in the Alaskan North Slope. The results show that gas transportation cost is the main factor controlling feasibility of commercial gas production. The hydrate zone contributes significantly to overall reservoir performance by arresting pressure decline and maintaining gas production rate.     

带隔流筒旋流快分系统新型工业催化裂化沉降器内气相流场的数值模拟

采用RNG k-e湍流模型模拟带隔流筒旋流快分系统工业催化裂化沉降器内的气相流场,基于沉降器内气相流场的分析,考察了压力平衡管截面尺寸及封闭罩直径对封闭罩内外气量分配的影响. 结果表明,进入封闭罩外的汽提油气量随平衡管截面边长增加而增大,随封闭罩直径增加而减小. 封闭罩阻止了分离系统内油气进入沉降器中. 压力平衡管通过抽吸作用将封闭罩外的汽提油气快速引出沉降器,使封闭罩外的汽提油气在沉降器内的总停留时间降至13 s以下. 平衡管截面边长小于310 mm时,汽提气的引出分为两路;平衡管截面边长大于310 mm时,汽提气全部进入封闭罩外部,且分离系统内的少量油气向下流出分离系统至沉降器内. 封闭罩直径为3.8 m时,99%以上的油气都进入封闭罩外部.     

Towards a Complete Population Balance Model for Fluidized-Bed Spray Agglomeration

This article concerns the simultaneous processes of agglomeration and drying. In order to predict temperatures and moisture content in gas and particle phase, heat and mass transfer mechanism and particle size enlargement has been considered in one model. The model takes heat and mass transfer phenomena between particle phase, suspension gas, and bypass gas into account. The disperse phase is modeled by a three-dimensional population balance (PBE), which can be reduced to a set of three one-dimensional PBEs. The latter are coupled with heat and mass transfer balances of the gas phase. Furthermore, some simulation and experimental results are presented.