炼厂干气预精制脱甲烷塔操作波动研究

介绍了中国石油化工股份有限公司镇海炼化分公司1 000 kt/a乙烯装置配套建设的160 kt/a炼厂干气预精制单元。自2010年6月开工以来,脱甲烷塔多次发生灵敏板温度偏低,造成乙烯装置碳二加氢出口漏炔,通过对其工艺运行数据的不断摸索和改进,并经过停工处理脱甲烷塔塔釜隔板空隙和控制进料中丙烷含量,解决了由于炼厂干气预精制脱甲烷塔灵敏板波动大,造成塔釜物料带CO导致碳二加氢操作波动的问题。     

基于HYSYS的脱庚烷塔的模拟与选型

脱庚烷塔属于芳烃抽提设备,负责将上游的脱戊烷油分离为C6/C7馏分油和C8+馏分油.本文使用AspenHYSYS软件模拟脱庚烷塔,对塔的多种工艺参数进行分析,并完成了塔的选型设计.设计得到的脱庚烷塔分离效果较好,能耗较低.     

碳三催化蒸馏选择加氢工艺研究

将碳三加氢催化剂装入高压脱丙烷塔,在完成碳三、碳四分离的同时实现了丙炔、丙二烯的加氢.在1.6～2.0MPa时,塔顶丙炔、丙二烯的质量分数控制在1.5×10-5以下,丙烯收率达到102%.研究了压力、空速、回流比、氢炔比对产率的影响,1840h的长周期考察表明催化蒸馏加氢工艺可以延长运转周期.     

粗苯蒸馏系统工艺的优化和应用

针对粗苯蒸馏系统工艺复杂落后,设备腐蚀严重,超负荷运转,能耗高,效率低,急需改进,以适应现有工艺需要。采用新工艺新技术,用一台高效垂直筛板型脱苯塔代替老工艺系统脱苯塔、脱水塔、两苯塔,实行三塔合一塔,达到简化工艺,减少设备、降低能耗的效果。     

氢化料精馏工艺的模拟研究

针对改良西门子法精馏过程能耗较高的问题,模拟和优化了四氯化硅氢化料精馏过程中脱轻-脱重和脱重-脱轻2种工艺路线,比较2种了工艺路线的综合热负荷。结果表明,在相同进料组成、操作压力、分离要求前提下,脱轻-脱重工艺的综合热负荷明显大于脱重-脱轻工艺的综合热负荷,进料1时高出19%,进料2时高出24%,进料3时高出20.1%,平均高出21%。原因是与脱重-脱轻工艺中脱轻塔相比,脱轻-脱重工艺中脱轻塔需要处理的物料流量大,而且其塔底温度要更高一些,导致后一个塔的总热负荷明显高于前一个塔的总热负荷。     

高氨氮含量废水组合吹脱处理工艺实验研究

针对氨氮吹脱法结合吹脱装置及工艺对氨氮去除效果的研究工作较少的情况,基于氨氮吹脱过程的气液传质机理,进行了单一填料塔、旋流塔及填料与旋流塔组合工艺进行废水氨氮吹脱处理工艺对氨氮处理效果的实验研究.结果 表明,组合氨氮吹脱处理工艺的氨氮去除率达到89.87％,比单一氨氮吹脱处理工艺的氨氮去除率提高25％以上.其中填料与旋...     

三氯氢硅精馏工艺的模拟研究

为了降低多晶硅的生产成本,模拟和优化了三氯氢硅合成料精馏过程中脱轻-脱重和脱重-脱轻2种工艺路线,比较2种了工艺路线的综合热负荷。结果表明,在相同进料组成、操作压力、分离要求前提下,脱重-脱轻工艺的综合热负荷显著大于脱轻-脱重工艺的综合热负荷。对进料1、进料2和进料3 3种情形,分别高出17.6%,14.7%和11.3%,平均高出14.5%。原因是与脱轻-脱重工艺中脱重塔相比,脱重-脱轻工艺中脱重塔需要处理的物料流量大,且其塔顶温度更低一些,导致后一个塔的热负荷明显高于前一个塔的热负荷。     

抚顺乙烯脱甲烷塔改造

通过乙烯装置脱甲烷塔系统改造后的运行状况的分析，对脱甲烷塔改造后的运行状态进行了总结，并为更进一步的优化工艺条件提出措施。     

烯烃选择性加氢脱炔催化剂SMT-342的研究及工业应用

针对聚烯烃生产过程中烯烃聚合前的脱炔烃净化,大连凯特利催化工程技术有限公司开发了加氢脱炔催化剂SMT-342。考察床层高径比、空速、压力等因素对SMT-342脱炔催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,在高径比2.56、反应压力0.5 MPa、空速5 000 h^(-1)条件下,出口反应气中乙炔体积分数小于1×10^(-6)。1 056 h稳定性测试表明该催化剂可以稳定、有效脱除烯烃中的炔烃,满足烯烃聚合工艺指标。SMT-342脱炔催化剂已在多种工业化装置上使用,现场运行数据表明该催化剂完全满足乙烯精馏分离前乙炔脱除要求。     

解析烯烃分离装置脱甲烷塔改造

文章通过对烯烃装置脱甲烷塔系统流程和工艺参数的分析,以兰州石化公司烯烃分离装置的脱甲烷系统为例分析烯烃分离装置脱甲烷塔改造,并对改造前后烯烃分离装置脱甲烷塔运行状况进行对比分析,指出烯烃分离装置脱甲烷塔改造存在的问题,针对问题为如何优化烯烃分离装置脱甲烷塔改造进行策略分析。     

Comparative analysis of the explosion hazard in various ways of manufacturing carbon disulfide

Conclusions Values for the relative and absolute explosion hazard energy potentials for technological blocks in carbon disulfide manufacturing by the retort, electrothermal, and methane methods have been found.The contribution of individual components to the formation of explosion hazard energy potentials has been established.It has been shown that the technological blocks for carbon disulfide manufacture belong to the low and medium categories of explosion hazard.General recommendations have been given on reducing the explosion hazard energy potentials of the technological blocks.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 43–46, May–June, 1989.     

双乙酸钠合成新工艺的研究

比较了传统工艺的优缺点，开发出以冰醋酸与烧碱为原料合成双乙酸钠的新工艺，确定了最佳工艺条件。     

Complex evaluation of the quality and serviceability of yarns during preparation and processing processes

Conclusions -- The basic factors and principles which determine the stability of processes of preparing and processing yarns have been examined. It has been shown that it is advisable to use the figure for the mean length of a break-free yarn section as a general characteristic for technological stability for yarns of various types and various processes. -- Application of reliability theory shows that the mechanical properties of yarns (load-bearing ability) and technological reserve in mechanical properties (reserve coefficient) have basic importance to ensure stability of technological processes. Thereupon, one should take into account the change in yarn properties under the effect of external actions under the conditions of technological processes. -- The effect of structure heterogeneity and yarn defectiveness on nonuniformity in properties and yarn serviceability in technological processes has been analyzed. -- Various methods of predicting yarn serviceability which are based on evaluating both their breaking characteristics and also of complex quality criteria have been generalized and analyzed. -- New criteria for predicting the serviceability of yarns have been proposed: the scale coefficients of the breaking characteristics for the case of single stretching actions and a complex durability figure for the case of repeated actions of stretching and bending with abrasion. These criteria are particularly important for evaluating the serviceability of yarns with specific mechanical properties. -- The connection between complex quality criteria and the serviceability of yarns with the stability of technological processes (breakage) and the quality of the textile materials obtained has been examined. The author remembers with thanks Prof. A. B. Pakshver, who has helped greatly in discussion of questions about the serviceability of yarns in processes of preparing and processing them. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 45–46, March–April, 1991.     

密炼机为推进节能减排在科技创新中不断发展

橡胶工业节能减排潜力很大,其中橡胶机械的技术创新是关键所在。密炼机在科技创新中不断发展,为炼胶工艺的节能减排潜力的挖掘创造了条件。大连橡塑为实现低碳发展,坚持技术创新,注重空间效益、集成效益和规模效益,推出大型密炼机;跟踪低温炼胶新工艺,进行新型密炼机的开发,取得了一次炼胶装备的配套研发、叠加式密炼机的研发成果,以及新型转子等密炼机组成部位的创新改造成果。     

The role of fibre diameter in preparing a heat-bonding fibrous material

Conclusions The connection of the basic technological parameters of the spinning process with structural parameters has been established for heat-bonded fibrous materials.It has been shown that the decisive structural parameter which affects the service characteristics of heat-bonded fibrous materials to the greatest extent is the fibre diameter.An equation has been found which reflects the dependence of fibre diameter on technological spinning parameters, and which makes it possible to predict the operational properties of heat-bonded materials.VNIISV, Tver'. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 37–39, March–April, 1992.     

焦油中精蒽／咔唑提取工艺的评述

介绍了近年来从焦油中提取精蒽和咔唑产品工艺的现状,并对两种常用工艺从工艺方案合理性、技术先进性及经济技术三方面做了较详尽的比较分析和综合评述。提出结晶－蒸馏法是目前提取精蒽／咔唑技术先进、工艺合理、有发展前途的工艺。同时提出了对现有溶剂洗涤法制取精蒽和咔唑工艺状况的改进设想。     

洗衣粉高塔喷雾成型工艺的技术革新与改造

本文从料浆配制,燃油炉节能,喷粉塔操作和自动化控制四个方面概括性介绍了近10年国内关于洗衣粉高塔喷雾成型工艺技术革新与改造的成果和经验。     

间歇生产邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯的色度控制

邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(即DIBP)的质量除对酯的纯度、酸度有要求之外，还应注意的是降低色度，但因生产工艺缺陷，产品带有较深颜色。依据DIBF产生颜色的原因，提出一系列工艺改进措施。     

关于推广建筑工程质量管理新技术的思考

我国建筑业在技术水平上有很大的进步,但在总体上的发展水平还不高,需要应用更科学的管理方式、更完善的质量管理机制,提高建筑工程的质量和效率。文章对建筑工程质量管理方面的问题进行反思,提出推广工程质量管理新技术方法建议。     

Corrosion of stainless steels in the dimethylformamide media of polyvinyl chloride fibre manufacturing

Conclusions The effect of individual components, temperature, and the gas medium on the corrosion properties of dimethylformamide media in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride fibre has been investigated. It has been shown that the corrosive activity is caused by the joint action of chlorides and the acid components of the technological media. The corrosive activity of the media rises with increase in temperature and depends on the conditions of existence of the gas phase.In the case of the stillpot liquid, the mechanism of DMF hydrolysis in closed and open systems has been studied. It has been found that in a closed system hydrolysis of DMF is inhibited by the dimethylamine released. In an open system, inhibition of the hydrolysis does not occur. A specific effect of sulfuric acid on the hydrolysis of DMF in an open system has been found.The corrosive activity of media in the most corrosive-hazardous sections of the technological scheme in operating manufacture is considerably reduced by the introduction of measures to reduce the acid and chloride content of the technological media.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 47–49, July–August, 1986.