紫金山铜矿生物堆浸过程酸铁平衡实践与优化方向

紫金山铜矿低品位矿石采用生物堆浸—萃取—电积工艺产出阴极铜。矿石中主要铜矿物为蓝辉铜矿及铜蓝,同时含有较高含量的黄铁矿,耗酸脉石含量低。铜矿物浸出过程中,伴随着黄铁矿的氧化产酸产铁,造成堆浸系统溶液中酸铁浓度的不断累积,影响到浸出、萃取及环保处理工序,需要通过不断地中和来降低酸铁浓度。介绍了紫金山铜矿生物堆浸的技术特点,对生物堆浸过程中高酸高铁和低酸低铁两种工艺实践中酸铁平衡实践进行总结;结合紫金山铜矿矿石矿物学信息,进行酸平衡计算,确定了堆浸过程中黄铁矿氧化过程对酸铁平衡的影响;分析工艺条件对酸铁平衡的影响,并提出未来解决酸铁过剩的工艺优化方向。     

硫化铜矿微生物浸出-萃取-电积提铜工业试验

在景谷民乐铜矿开展了硫化铜矿微生物浸出—萃取—电积提铜工业试验,取得了工业生产厂设计所需的各项工艺技术参数和消耗指标,达到了预定的试验目的。     

The modelling of equilibrium data for the liquid-liquid extraction of metals : Part II. Models for the copper/LIX 64N and chromate/Aliquat 336 systems

The equilibrium data for two examples of metal extraction are considered. The copper/LIX 64N system is an important one in that category involving the solvent extraction of acid leach liquors. In the case of alkali leach liquors the chromate/Aliquat 336 system provides the example. The data for each of these systems have been tested against various models. For the copper/LIX 64N system it has been shown that a polynomial gives the best fit, a modified chemical model is however only slightly worse. In the case of the chromate/Aliquat 336 system the chemical model is better than the polynomial.Parameters are reported for the best fits to each of the models tested and a computer display of a copper/LIX 64N surface is given.     

Research and Application Progress in Countercurrent Solvent Extraction

In this article, the recent progress made by Peking University is briefly introduced. Based on Theory of Countercurrent Extraction established by Prof. Guangxian Xu, the static equilibrium and dynamic process for two- and threeoutlet countercurrent extractions, and designed the optimized parameters for the real cascades to separate different rareearth minerals, which can be scaled-up to the industrial process without any further experimental verification were systematically investigated. In order to stabilize the quality of products and improve the capability of automation for extraction process, we have also established an ^241Am stimulated X-ray fluorescent energy dispersive method to detect the elemental composition in both organic and aqueous phases, which can be used as an on-line analysis method in practice. Furthermore, the expert system and the control software with open- and close-loop models have been set up. Combined with the detected data from on-line analysis, the flow-rates of extracting, feeding, scrubbing and stripping solutions can be controlled in an optimum status for the industrial cascades. In addition, we have developed a new multi-input and multioutput countercurrent extraction process for separating multi-component rare earth mixture with lower chemical cost and pollution.     

A control criterion for the electrolysis process in the manufacture of copper powder

Conclusions The proposed control criterion ensures maximum output, and therefore satisfies themain requirement for the industrial production of copper powder by electrolysis. Optimum conditions are calculated with the aid of mathematical models describing the electrolysis process, taking into account limitations imposed on process parameters by operating specifications. Optimum conditions for the electrolysis of copper powder can be chosen using simple calculators.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 5(209), pp. 29–31, May, 1980.     

铜闪速熔炼过程操作参数预测模型及应用

基于某厂实际铜闪速熔炼工艺和控制过程,对神经网络模型在铜闪速熔炼过程在线控制进行了研究。在分析影响溶剂率、熔炼氧单耗、反应塔总风量操作参数因素的基础上,提出一种基于BP神经网络的操作参数的预测方法,分别建立了输入向量只包含主要元素和考虑杂质元素的BP神经网络模型。网络的训练和测试结果表明,两种神经网络的输出值与实际值的最大相对误差均小于1.0%,输出值与实际样本值吻合得较好,模型输入参数中包括杂质元素时具有更高的计算精度。     

The modelling of equilibrium data for the liquid-liquid extraction of metals part IV. The effect of the diluent on the copper/LIX 64N system

The previously described chemical models for the solvent extraction equilibria of the copper/LIX64N system have been extended to include variation in the nature of the organic phase diluent. The diluent effect is characterised by a single parameter Q, related to the free energy of solvation of the oxime monomer by the diluent, and the organic phase parameters of the established models are modified by Q raised to an appropriate power. This free energy change approach is shown to be equivalent to that of postulating an inert oxime-diluent complex. The calculated values of Q are almost independent of the model chosen for their calculation, and possible application of the values of Q in estimating other properties of the organic phase is discussed.     

三相萃取法处理含镍废水

采用液-液-液三相萃取法,对含有镍及钴、铜、铁的多金属废水处理进行研究。利用正丁胺(C4H11N)/正己烷(CH3(CH2)4CH3)/无机盐溶液萃取体系,通过改变溶液pH,一步除去废水中的镍等重金属离子。考察了不同水相初始pH对镍离子萃取率、第三相相行为的影响规律,得出了三相萃取法处理含镍废水的较优参数,为工业应用提供技术参考。     

综合回收废旧锂电池中有价金属的研究

研究了废旧锂电池芯粉中多种有价金属的回收工艺. 该工艺采用碱溶解铝-旋流分离铜-低液固比硫酸+双氧水浸出-水解净化-P507萃取-草酸沉钴-碳酸沉锂的流程, 优化了各单元步骤的操作参数, 钴、铜、铝、锂的回收率分别达到94%, 92%, 96%, 69.8%. 这种方法在浸出过程中使用酸量少, 溶剂可循环使用, 实现了多种有价金属的综合回收, 将为实现工业化综合回收废旧锂电池中有价金属提供依据.     

Uranium extraction from partially neutralised and diluted phosphoric acid using a synergistic organophosphorous solvent mixture

A process is described for the separation of uranium from partially neutralised and diluted phosphoric acid (PNDA) which is generated in fertiliser plants when phosphoric acid is used to scrub ammoniacal vapours from the neutralisation reactors. The separation process is based on solvent extraction using a synergistic mixture of di-2-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid (DEHPA) with tri-n-alkyl phosphine oxide (TAPO). The effects of process parameters including concentration of DEHPA and TAPO, temperature and degree of neutralisation of acid have been investigated. Laboratory scale and pilot plant scale tests have been carried out. The extraction reaction is found to be exothermic with enthalpy effect of 30 kJ/mol. Tests on stripping of extracted uranium and recovery of uranium have been carried out and results are reported. Analysis of data indicates significant differences in the mechanism of uranium extraction from PNDA and the mechanism reported in literature for extraction of uranium from weak phosphoric acid using a similar solvent mixture.     

基于FA-PSO-RBF神经网络的富氧底吹铜锍品位预测模型

铜锍品位是富氧底吹铜熔炼过程中的一个关键工艺参数,针对铜锍品位实时检测困难、检测结果滞后时间长、指导生产工艺参数优化滞后等问题,基于生产数据深入挖掘及处理,提出了一种基于FA-PSO-RBF神经网络的铜锍品位预测模型。首先为了降低模型的预测误差,利用FA分析方法对原始生产数据进行降维处理,确定主要因子数量为6个,并计算因子得分,然后针对RBF神经网络模型对关键参数依赖性较大的不足,利用改进PSO算法对网络结构中的关键参数进行寻优,最后,以因子得分为输入,铜锍品位值为输出,通过实际生产数据验证模型的准确性,并与RBF、标准PSO-RBF预测模型进行对比,结果表明,本文构建的铜锍品位预测模型预测精度更高,与标准PSO-RBF预测模型相比,RMSE和MAE的值分别降低了17.2%和21.2%,该预测模型对富氧底吹铜熔炼生产过程参数优化控制提供了一种方法借鉴。     

基于自适应模糊神经网络的铜闪速熔炼冰铜温度模型研究

基于自适应模糊神经网络系统(ANFIS)及利用某闪速炼铜厂生产实践的稳定数据,建立了网络结构为3输入、单输出、隶属度函数个数为(7,5,7)的闪速炼铜过程的冰铜温度模型。结果显示其训练数据平均绝对误差为5.0℃,相对误差为0.41%;仿真检验数据平均绝对误差为6.7℃,相对误差为0.55%,表明所建立的模型预测值与生产操作数据基本吻合,该模型对铜熔炼过程的最优化具有参考价值,可以代替现有的静态配料模型用于工业在线计算机控制。     

The separation of zinc from copper by di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid - an equilibrium study

The extraction of copper and zinc from sulphate media by di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (D2EHPA) is reported. The equilibrium data for the extraction of (1) zinc alone (2–40 g/l), and (2) copper alone (2–60 g/l) by both 10 v/v % and 20 v/v % D2EHPA are given.The general case of extraction of two metals which compete for the same extractant is considered, and the data for the binary metal system zinc/copper extracted by 20 v/v % D2EHPA are reported. Specific chemical models and empirical models have been developed to correlate the data.Because the extractant has a high affinity for zinc in the presence of copper, the binary data can be modelled on the assumption that the interaction of copper with zinc can be neglected. However, the effect of zinc in reducing the extraction of copper is significant.We show that zinc can be decontaminated from copper and test the predictions with a laboratory scale counter current apparatus. Typical predictions show that in five stages, a 20 v/v % D2EHPA feed and an aqueous feed of 1.98 g/l Zn, 36.78 g/l Cu, zero g/l H₂SO₄ would give a 89.9% recovery of zinc with purity of 90%; with lower copper to zinc ratios in the feed the purity may be improved.     

萃取－旋流电积工艺从镓锗浸出液中生产阴极铜

介绍了某冶炼厂采用萃取－旋流电积工艺从镓锗浸出液中生产阴极铜的工业化应用情况。在铜的萃取生产过程中,通过优化反萃液酸度、萃取温度,同时监控浸出液中有害杂质含量和增设活性白土有机相净化装置,有效解决了铜萃取率低、分相慢和萃取有机相降解等技术问题;在铜的旋流电积生产中,采用钛基二氧化铅阳极替代钛基贵金属阳极、溶气泵加气浮澄清除油装置替换二级纤维改性材料除油装置,通过铜离子浓度电积终点准确控制、古尔胶助剂添加量、铜电积循环液温度优化,解决了阴极铜析出质量差、钛基贵金属阳极损耗大等生产难题,阴极铜的质量和阳极寿命均得到明显改善。     

Zinc solvent extraction in the process industries

The global zinc industry is currently experiencing unprecedented interest in new developments and expansions. While most of the new projects and plant upgrades remain committed to traditional processing technologies, recent advances in zinc solvent extraction have created opportunities for new process routes in the treatment of both primary ore and secondary materials. The production of special high-grade zinc from the complex Skorpion ore, previously considered untreatable, will be the first commercial application of zinc solvent extraction for the mainstream processing of primary ore. This mine-to-metal project promises to become one of the lowest-cost zinc producers. Solvent extraction is also under consideration for several other oxide and sulfide projects in various stages of feasibility. With respect to the processing of secondary materials, new applications of zinc solvent extraction have proved advantageous for the treatment of zinc residues and furnace dust. In contrast to the zinc industry itself, zinc solvent extraction is well established in the refining of other base metals, providing an efficient means of eliminating zinc as an impurity element. Many applications have been for cobalt and nickel refinery operations. More recently, larger-scale applications have been for primary operations, where refined copper, cobalt, and nickel are produced at the mine site. Previously regarded as a waste product in such operations, interest is now being shown in recovering zinc as a valuable by-product in selected flowsheets. The industrial application of zinc solvent extraction is reviewed in this paper. The reagents used for the selective extraction of zinc are discussed to provide the basic rationale for the choice of this separation technique. An historical perspective is given by brief discussions of some early applications. The review then focuses on recent installations and projects under development where zinc solvent extraction features as the key separation step.     

黄金冶炼废水铜的萃取回收

采用萃取工艺从黄金冶炼废水中回收铜,考查了萃取剂浓度、相比O/A、混合时间、pH值等因素对铜萃取率的影响,获得优化工艺条件:萃取剂浓度为20%,相比O/A=2:1,混合时间为3 min,pH值1.5～2。在优化工艺条件下开展了工业试验,铜萃取率可达95%以上,反萃液铜离子浓度可达到36 g/L以上,满足铜电积工序要求,实现了铜的高效回收。     

热连轧钢材力学性能在线预报的研究与应用

 传统的产品力学性能检测是一种建立在统计学随机抽样理论基础上的检验方法,即在实验室中对取样板卷的头尾部切割样品进行检测,检测结果代表整批产品的力学性能。由于钢材生产流程长,生产过程控制参数存在一定的波动,传统力学性能检测方法不能反应每一卷带钢的力学性能,所检测样品的代表性不够充分。随着工业互联网、大数据和人工智能技术的飞速发展,特别是工业大数据相关技术的发展和应用,为这一问题的解决提供了新的途径。以实现山东钢铁集团日照有限公司热连轧产品力学性能在线预报为试验对象,以热连轧产品生产全流程关键控制工艺参数为基础,采用神经元网络、随机森林等算法建立碳素结构钢、低合金高强度结构钢的力学性能预报模型,构建了一种基于工业大数据为基础的热轧产品力学性能预报系统,包括数据采集、数据清洗、模型训练、结果分析、再现性试验和在线应用。力学性能在线预报系统已成功运行2年多时间,系统的预测精度高、稳定可靠。预测结果精度在±6%以内的比例达到90%以上,MAPE(平均绝对百分误差)不大于4%,均低于再现性检测水平,预测结果完全可以取代检测试验;提高了生产效率,缩短了产品的检测周期,轧后即可掌握产品的力学性能,降低了生产成本,已成为生产运行过程不可缺少的环节。     

The extraction of copper from dilute aqueous solutions using a liquid membrane process

A liquid surfactant membrane process is considered for the separation of copper ions from dilute aqueous solutions. The process is shown to work effectively, solutions ranging in concentrations from 2000 ppm copper as copper sulphate (typical of acid leach solutions) down to 100 ppm copper have been successfully processed. In the case of the very dilute solutions the copper concentration in the final raffinate can be taken down to less than 1 ppm in a single contact stage. The liquid membrane is made up of a chelating agent, in this work Shell SME 529, organic diluent and emulsifying agent. Factors influencing mass transfer, such as membrane composition, O/A ratio, pH of the aqueous feed solution and acid content of the strip solution, contacting condition etc., have been studied. Providing membrane breakdown is low the process can be represented as a pseudo first order rate process. It is shown that by using this form of facilitated transport transfer of copper ions against very adverse concentration gradients across the membrane can be achieved. Further pilot plant work is required to examine scale up features of this process. Compared with conventional solvent extraction the amount of solvent (reagent and diluent) required in the contacting stage(s) is very much reduced. In this work it is shown that successful extraction of copper can be achieved using over two orders of magnitude less solvent than with solvent extraction.     

Extraction of copper from acidic leach solution with Acorga M5640 using a pulsed sieve plate column

The extraction of copper from acidic leach solution with the aldoxime Acorga M5640 using a pulsed sieve plate column has been investigated. The pregnant leach solution was produced through pressure leaching of an industrial sphalerite concentrate that contained zinc, iron, copper, indium and other minor elements. Bench scale studies on solvent extraction have been carried out for selecting the composition of the organic phase and the pH of the leach solution to perform the separation of copper. An organic phase with 10% (v/v) Acorga M5640 and 2.5% (v/v) isotridecanol was chosen to test the hydrodynamic and mass transfer performance of the extraction column. The results of the pilot plant experiments demonstrated the feasibility of operating the extraction of copper from the aqueous solution using a pulsed sieve plate column.