冲击压路机减振系统的参数化仿真研究

 为了减小冲击压路机作业时引起的冲击与振动,仿真研究了减振系统参数对作用于牵引车的冲击载荷的影响特性．通过分析冲击压路机的结构和作业特点,建立了减振系统的动力学方程．在UG软件中建立整机的实体模型,然后将其导入多体动力学仿真软件ADAMS中,建立包含轮胎与地面的动力学模型,在典型工况下仿真了整机的动力学特性,将仿真结果与试验数据对比,验证了模型的正确性．通过参数化设计研究方法将模型参数化,仿真分析了减振系统的刚度、阻尼参数变动时牵引载荷的变化,获得了参数影响的灵敏度曲线和载荷曲线,给出了参数值的合理范围．结果表明,系统的第1级阻尼和第2级刚度对牵引载荷的影响较大,整机仿真模型能够模拟冲击压路机的实际工况,为工程优化提供参考．     

冲击载荷下永磁式电涡流减振器设计及动态特性分析

为研究轮式车辆的电涡流减振器在行进间冲击载荷下的动态特性,结合电涡流理论设计了一种永磁式电涡流减振器,并基于等效磁路模型和麦克斯韦方程分析了其导体筒表面空气间隙处磁感应强度与阻尼力之间的关系;同时,利用有限元法对永磁式电涡流减振器的静、动态磁场分布进行了研究,并分析了不同结构参数对其阻尼特性的影响及不同运动速度下的示功特性曲线。通过建立1/4车辆悬架动力学模型和基于高斯滤波白噪声的随机路面激励模型,对车辆行进间冲击载荷下永磁式电涡流减振器的动态特性进行了分析。结果表明：永磁式电涡流减振器的磁场在动态条件下会发生退磁以及磁感线趋速聚集现象,各结构参数对其阻尼特性的影响较大;永磁式电涡流减振器的响应速度快,压缩、复原阻尼力恒定且平稳,可以高效、快速地消除轮式车辆越野时受到的路面激励和车载武器射击时的冲击载荷,能够有效抑制车体振动。研究结果对提高轮式车辆的越野机动性以及车载武器的射击精度具有重要意义。     

冲击载荷下圆筒型电涡流阻尼器动力特性研究

为研究圆筒型电涡流阻尼器在冲击载荷下的动力特性,建立冲击载荷下电涡流阻尼器动力学模型,利用Maxwell分析软件建立圆筒型电涡流阻尼器在冲击载荷作用下的有限元模型,分析电涡流阻尼器工作时的气隙磁场与涡流分布。研究了制动减速阶段电涡流阻尼力和阻尼系数随速度变化的关系,分析工作气隙、导体筒厚度及磁轭厚度等参数对电涡流阻尼器制动性能的影响。研制了电涡流阻尼器冲击加载试验装置,试验结果与仿真结果吻合较好。研究结果表明:在保证动子运动精度的前提下,工作气隙尽可能小,磁轭厚度取永磁体厚度的3/4,导体筒厚度取1～2 mm有利于提高电涡流阻尼器的阻尼系数;电涡流阻尼器在冲击载荷作用下具有良好的缓冲制动性能,在武器发射、列车制动等冲击制动领域具有重要的应用价值。     

阻尼钢弹簧浮置板轨道结构隔振性能分析

阻尼钢弹簧浮置板轨道结构已证实是一种有效的减振降噪轨道结构。为分析其隔振性能,通过建立阻尼钢弹簧浮置板轨道结构动力分析模型,对其进行谐响应分析,模拟列车运行时轮轨间实际冲击,研究其在简谐激励下的动力传递特性,并分别考虑浮置板长度、隔振器刚度和阻尼,以及不同载荷作用位置对浮置板隔振性能的影响。计算和分析对于今后轨道结构的进一步改善具有参考的价值。     

冲击载荷下炭素糊料的位移特性研究

针对炭素糊料冲击压实过程中位移特性研究的不足,以离散介质力学为基础建立了冲击载荷作用下糊料动力压实的离散元方程,分析了时间步长和阻尼参数的选取,并对糊料压实变形过程进行了数值模拟.通过离散元模拟糊料颗粒的相互作用,获得了在冲击载荷作用下粘性糊料的位移分布特征及其速度场、应力场的变化情况,计算结果与试验结果具有一致性.研究结果表明:在冲击载荷作用下,糊料的压实程度主要受其竖向位移对影响,压实作用集中在锤头下方的糊料体上.     

含阻尼杆的中速冲击屈曲性能研究

本文对考虑阻尼的杆在轴向冲击作用下的动力屈曲性能进行了理论分析，通过采用Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ阻尼理论，对动力屈曲控制方程解耦得一变系数微分方程，在分析方程解的基础上，探讨了阻尼对轴向冲击杆动力屈曲性能的影响，揭示了含阻尼结构的动力屈曲现象，定义了动力屈曲准则及确定阻尼杆临界载荷参数的方法．     

对转圆柱滚子轴承动态特性分析

针对内外圈对转圆柱滚子轴承内部复杂的运动特性及相互作用力,通过分析轴承径向游隙的影响因素以及考虑滚子与滚道的接触变形和热效应对油膜厚度的影响,利用拟静力学法建立了轴承的分析模型,并采用NewtonRaphson法进行求解;同时,利用该模型对滚子打滑率进行计算,以验证所采用分析方法的正确性和可靠性。然后,进一步探讨了不同工况下对转圆柱滚子轴承内部组件的转速变化规律与接触特性。结果表明：滚子的自转转速、滚子与滚道的接触载荷均随径向载荷的增大而增大;内、外圈转速变化会使受载区滚子与滚道的接触载荷以一定的规律重新分配,且转速对最小油膜厚度的影响较径向载荷更为明显。研究结果可为对转圆柱滚子轴承的结构优化和生热机理分析提供理论依据。     

带限位器单层隔振系统冲击响应研究

在舰艇设备中,通常采用隔振系统来吸收冲击所带来的能量,为了限制设备受到冲击载荷时发生过大变形,隔振系统通常带有限位器。以单自由度单层隔振系统为研究对象,采用时域有限元分析方法,分别对带有不同阻尼限位器的隔振装置受到水下爆炸载荷冲击下的响应进行数值仿真研究,计算得出隔振系统在冲击载荷作用下的相对位移响应和绝对加速度响应,分析了限位器参数对冲击响应的影响,旨在为舰艇设备抗冲击性能设计及性能评估提供参考。     

基于土-结构相互作用的核电厂房抗飞机撞击耦合分析与模型验证EI北大核心CSCD

相互作用是结构-地基体系在冲击载荷作用下动力响应的重要影响因素,尤其非岩基场地条件下地基对结构的刚度约束作用有所削弱,有效而合理地开展地基等因素模拟是保证结论可靠性的关键前提。该研究结合某核电厂房在飞机撞击条件下的动力特性分析开展了细致研究,提出了一种细致模拟的耦合动力分析方法,其中基于飞机载荷曲线和墙体冲击变形等因素,对密切关系到分析规模的模型网格疏密特征进行了精细对比分析;对完整地基场地进行建模,并在边界处设置完美匹配层(PML)模拟无限地基辐射阻尼效应;对不同柔、硬场地条件及飞机撞击的不同位置进行对比分析,得出上部结构振动响应的影响因素。模型参数的敏感性分析可为精细化模型的标准化建模提供依据,而数值结果显示在非岩基场地条件下,土-结构相互作用对于核电厂房抗飞机撞击的整体动力响应,尤其是楼层反应谱有较显著的影响。     

篦齿封严冲击动力学建模与参数影响研究

在冲击载荷作用下，燃气轮机篦齿封严装置可能会与高速旋转的转子发生碰摩。为了揭示在不同冲击载荷和篦齿封严装置结构参数条件下，冲击输入对篦齿封严装置刚度和转子冲击动力学特性的影响机制，本文开展篦齿封严装置冲击动力学建模与参数影响规律研究。从封严环接触模型出发，将欧拉梁理论应用于单圆盘转子-封严装置碰摩模型，计算了封严环篦齿厚度、高度和初始间隙对接触刚度的影响，得到了转子的时域响应和轴心轨迹以及冲击响应的参数影响规律，为篦齿封严装置在冲击接触下的动力学特性研究提供了理论建模和分析方法参考。     

Computational model for determination of dynamic load capacity of large three-row roller slewing bearings

In the presented paper a calculation procedure for determination of dynamic load capacity of large three-row roller slewing bearings is presented. The calculation procedure consists of three main parts: (i) determination of internal contact force distribution in a large three-row roller slewing bearing with consideration of bearing clearances and ring support deformations, (ii) determination of stress field in the contact area between raceway and rollers as a consequence of contact forces and (iii) determination of the bearing’s fatigue life due to contact fatigue of the raceway. The internal contact force distribution is determined numerically by using a symmetry 3D FEM-model of a large three-row roller slewing bearing. Another numerical procedure is used to determine the stress field in the contact area between rollers and raceway. This problem is studied on different roller types: cylindrical roller (without profile correction), fully crowned roller (logarithmic-profile) and partially crowned roller (ZB-profile). Numerically determined contact stresses then serve as a basis for fatigue analyses, where the bearing’s service life of the bearing is determined by using the stress-life approach, considering typical material parameters of the bearing’s raceway.     

基于双盘直槽研磨的圆柱滚子自转运动研究

为了解决双盘直槽研磨方法实施过程中的关键技术问题,针对圆柱滚子在研磨状态下的自转运动展开相关研究.首先,对圆柱滚子在研磨状态下的自转运动进行理论分析,得到了其稳定自转的条件.然后,基于ADAMS(automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems,机械系统动力学自动分析)软...     

Empirical,analytical and numerical approaches to failure analysis of a frictional power transmission composite roller

The current study investigated the impact of different parameters on the failure of a frictional power transmission mechanism composed of a steel tyre and a two-layer composite rotating roller. Empirical, analytical and finite element methods were employed to study the mechanism. As for the empirical approach, a few rollers were made with different materials for the outer layer of the composite driver roller in order to examine the probable causes of the failure. In addition, thermography was conducted to find the increase in the temperature due to the working conditions. Analytical formulations were also employed so, as to understand the correlation between stress distribution and deformation regime in the contacting parts. Moreover, through relating the analytical to the empirical data, a homogenous representative cylinder was defined as equivalent to the composite cylinder. In order to reveal the details of stress and deformation distribution inside the roller parts, numerical analysis was performed employing finite element method. The results of such modeling helped us understand the relationship between the tuneable parameters and output results. Furthermore, by relating FEM results to the empirical data, probable causes of the failures were explained. According to the interpretation of the results and the data obtained via the introduced approaches, a few suggestions were presented as applicable in designing proper two-layer composite rollers.     

高速列车轴箱圆柱滚子轴承启动过程的打滑动力学特性

轴箱轴承的动力学性能对列车安全、平稳运行有非常重要的影响。基于刚性套圈假设建立轴承内部变形几何关系,采用Hertz接触理论描述滚子与套圈的接触关系,采用线性压缩弹簧来模拟滚子与保持架之间的相互作用,考虑拖动系数随滑移速度的非线性关系计算滚子与套圈的摩擦力,建立考虑内圈、滚子和保持架自由度的圆柱滚子轴承的动力学模型,研究轴承启动过程中的运动学特性和力学特性。结果表明:在轴承启动过程中,滚子自转转速抖动上升;启动初始阶段滚子打滑明显,其中滚子在刚进入承载区时出现的打滑对轴承性能影响较大;轴承启动的初始阶段,滚子与内圈的摩擦力和与保持架的接触力变化剧烈,且随内圈角加速度的增大而增大。     

Comparative binder efficiency modeling of dry granulation binders using roller compaction

Roller compaction parameters’ impact on granules and tableting properties of coprocessed Avicel^® DG [ADG], a physical mixture of the two components at the same composition present in ADG [PADCP], and microcrystalline cellulose and Kollidon^® VA-64 Fine physical mixture [KVA64] was quantified by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate methods. Roller force, roller gap, and roller speed levels were selected for evaluation. A 3³ full-factorial experimental design with three center points for roller force, roller gap, and roller speed was used. The response parameters studied were granule-to-fines (GF) ratio, compressibility index (CI), tablet thickness (TT), tablet friability (TF), tablet breaking force (TBF) and disintegration time (DT). A model acetaminophen tablet formulation was roller granulated and tableted at 10?kg scale. Principal component analysis of ADG and PADCP formulations were separated from KVA64 formulations, indicating different granule and tableting properties were binder dependent. This difference in binder performance was also confirmed by ANOVA. The ANOVA also showed that there were no statistical performance differences between coprocessed ADG and its comparable physical blend with the exception of TT. Principal component regression (PCR) analyses of ADG and PADCP revealed that these excipients exhibited a statistically significant negative effect on granules-to-fine (GF) ratio, TT, TBF, and DT. KVA64 demonstrated a positive effect on these parameters. The KVA64 physical mixture demonstrated an overall better performance and binding capability. This study strongly suggests that there is no performance advantage of coprocessed Avicel^® DG when compared to a physical mixture of the two components at the same composition.     

圆柱滚子轴承多体接触动力学研究

考虑滚子和套圈、滚子和保持架、保持架和引导套圈的动态接触关系,提出了机械系统中圆柱滚子轴承多体动力学分析的新方法。基于圆柱套圈滚道的三角网格模型,实现了圆柱滚子和套圈滚道的动态接触力的预测搜索算法,进而建立了计及润滑摩擦作用和Hertz接触作用的圆柱滚子轴承的三维多体接触全动力学模型。运用广义-α方法计算分析了不同工况条件下圆柱滚子轴承的动态特性和保持架的稳定性,获得了不同工况下轴承的运动轨迹、角速度、滚子和倾斜扭转振动、动态接触力,拖动力和相轨迹等动态响应的变化规律。计算结果表明低速或较小径向力下,滚子和保持架的拖动力相对较小且不稳定,滚子和保持架侧梁、外圈挡边之间存在明显的频繁接触冲击作用,内圈中心的振动位移相对较大,保持架中心的径向平面运动轨迹形成不稳定的近似圆周运动,圆柱滚子轴承的运动稳定性相对较差。随着转速或旋转径向力的增加,保持架中心的径向平面运动轨迹为圆周运动和单周期的相轨迹运动,保持架中心的轴向振动明显,滚子倾斜扭转振动相对较小。     

Analysis of the quality renovated continuous steel casting roller

This paper presents the possibility of restoration of worn contact surfaces of rollers for continuous casting of steel. Permanent effort of steel producers to extend the lifespan of these components requires the implementation of new filler materials or modifying technological renovation processes to reduce the economic costs. This matter seems to be very important for the world leaders in steel production, e.g., ArcelorMittal, Tata Steel, but also for smaller concerns such as Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, Salzgitter, etc. Renovation of continuous steel casting rollers, made of X12Cr13 EN 10088-1-97, was realised using submerged arc surfacing technology. Worn surface of roller was machined and surfaced using one interlayer and two cover layers. The quality of deposited layers was verified using non-destructive and destructive tests. The influence of filler material on the tribological properties of contact surfaces of deposited layers was analysed by abrasive wear test. Studies were made in the influence of surfacing parameters on cladding metal mixing (mixed) with base metal and also influence of heat introduced by welding using metallographic analysis. The experiments confirmed very good wear resistance of the applied filler metal due to dispersion strengthening caused by finely dispersed carbides and nitrides in the weld coating. The measures to be taken into account in renovation of rollers using hard surfacing, as well as the development of research in this area were also given. The experiments have confirmed that parameters used are suitable for studying filler materials.     

基于ADAMS的瓦楞辊动力学仿真分析

目的 根据瓦楞辊的啮合特性和工作环境,分析有无瓦楞纸及不同转速对瓦楞辊工作时中心距变化的影响,为提高瓦楞辊机构转动的平稳性提供理论依据.方法 首先运用三维建模软件CREO建立上、下瓦楞辊和瓦楞纸的三维模型,然后运用动力学分析软件ADAMS对瓦楞辊的运动过程进行仿真分析.结果 从仿真结果中得出了无瓦楞纸、有瓦楞纸和转速不同的情况下瓦楞辊中心距变化曲线,并将得出的曲线进行了对比和分析.无瓦楞纸时上、下瓦楞辊的中心距变化量在0.45 mm之内,有瓦楞纸时上下瓦楞辊的中心距变化量在0.045 mm之内.结论 瓦楞纸的存在能够减小瓦楞辊中心距的变化量,使瓦楞辊机构的转动相对于空转时的转动更平稳,瓦楞纸的存在有利于减小瓦楞辊的振动及磨损;转速对瓦楞辊中心距的变化影响较小,可以通过适当提高转速来提高瓦楞纸的生产效率.