汽车横梁拉深成形的有限元分析

建立了汽车横梁拉深的有限元三维模型,对其拉深成形过程进行了数值模拟,并与实验结果对比分析,说明数值模拟方法的可行性。在此基础上讨论了摩擦润滑条件、压边力和凸模的虚拟冲压速度对板料拉深过程的影响。通过有限元模拟分析方法得到最佳压边力数值,然后通过综合分析数值模拟结果和拉深实验结果确定了实际拉深过程中的最佳压边力。结果表明,在实际拉深过程中要尽量减小模具和板料的摩擦;在模拟拉深成形时,当虚拟冲压速度大于一定值时,会使模拟结果严重失真,因此,汽车横梁拉深数值模拟时最大虚拟冲压速度不要大于2000mm／s。     

新型电磁压边拉深模具的设计与仿真

提出了一种新型电磁压边薄板拉深模具,压边力由电磁力替代了传统的液压力或机械压力。建立了电磁力与压边力的数学关系,提出了励磁电流的控制方法,为得到电磁压边系统中电磁力的分布情况,运用ANSYS/Multiphysics软件进行了数值模拟。根据电磁压边装置及传统压边装置的压边力特点,建立了3条变压边力曲线,运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对筒形件拉深成形过程进行了数值模拟,证明电磁压边拉深模具可以较好地抑制拉深过程中的起皱与减薄。     

盘形件增量拉深成形过程的数值模拟

增量拉深成形由于旋转的模具与坯料接触区域的不断变化而一直是数值模拟的难点,为此用Deform-3D有限元软件对为A1100铝合金的盘形件增量拉深过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明:增量拉深成形凸模的受力与传统拉深工艺相比大大降低,据此得到了凸模受力图和板料应变云图,每一步凸模受力峰值和坯料等效应变值与已有的盘形件工艺试验研究结果一致.     

螺旋台阶零件多步成形过程数值模拟

鉴于零件对材料增厚及表面质量没有严格要求,采用无压边拉深来完成零件螺旋台阶面的成形,不仅模具结构简单,而且材料利用率高.围绕零件成形难点部位,以特征点的形式详细分析了拉深成形过程中特征区域的应力、应变、厚度和成形极限等模拟结果.在分析拉深工序的基础上,进一步对零件进行多工步模拟分析.结合等效塑性应变、厚度分布及成形极限等信息分析了其它工步作用过程中的变形特点.通过数值模拟结果与实际冲压结果的对比,验证了多工步数值模拟结果的有效性.     

打火机外壳多次拉深成形的数值模拟

应用先进的有限元板料冲压分析软件Dynaform,对打火机外壳多次拉深成形过程进行数值模拟,分析模具参数及软件中参数设置的选取对成形的影响,得到合适的拉深工艺参数,为模具设计提供重要的参考.     

基于板料成形数值模拟的冲压模具结构分析方法

针对结构复杂的大型汽车冲压件成形模具,提出一种基于板料成形数值模拟的冲压模具结构分析方法.先通过板料成形数值模拟获得变形板料对模具的作用力,然后在模具结构分析时,将此作用力施加到模具上以代替板料对模具的作用,从而简化模具结构分析模型.论述基于板料成形数值模拟的冲压模具结构分析方法的实现过程以及联系两个过程的关键技术--边界力的映射算法.运用该方法分析双曲底面盒形件拉深成形时模具的受力,并利用自主设计的模具应力采集系统进行试验验证.结果表明,模具上选取的若干特征点的等效应力数值计算结果和实际测量结果吻合良好.     

镁合金薄板差温拉深模具设计

针对镁合金板材室温拉深性能差的问题,通过分析拉深变形过程中坯料不同部位的应力及摩擦状况,提出采用差温拉深工艺和不同的模具工作表面粗糙度。设计了镁合金差温拉深成形模具。实践表明,与坯料变形区接触的压边圈和凹模部位设置加热系统使其温度控制在(200~235)℃、用循环水冷却凹模筒壁及凸模使传力区保持室温状态,模具凸模表面粗糙度数值为Ra1.6um、凹模和压边圈表面的表面粗糙度数值为Ra0.4um,AZ31B镁合金薄板极限拉深比从2.09提高到3.05。     

微观复合造型模具表面板料成形流动性能研究

通过在传统模具表面进行激光微造型及毛化处理,有效地控制模具表面不同区域的摩擦状态,从而改善板料成形中模具表面的摩擦性能,提高模具的寿命和成形性能.通过方盒件成形过程的数值模拟,根据方盒件拉深后网格变形的测量结果,分析板料成形中激光微造型模具对凸缘面和盒底材料流动影响特点,揭示了区域性摩擦特性对危险区域板料拉裂和起皱成形失稳的影响.模拟分析表明,根据材料流动规律合理地实施规范化表面局部微造型,可使方盒件拉深成形性能进一步提高.     

数值模拟技术及其在冲压加工中的应用

应用Autoform数值模拟软件的板料成形仿真技术,以某筒形件为例,探讨了从CAD造形到CAE拉深成形数值模拟的全过程,预测了板料在成形过程中可能出现的缺陷,为模具制造过程中及时修改和优化冲压工艺方案以及有效解决模具形状参数化调整问题节省了大量时间,同时为模具设计提供了可靠性保证。     

凸缘矩形件的拉深工艺分析与模具设计

根据凸缘矩形件的结构特点及技术要求,用DYNAFORM软件进行拉深成形数值模拟分析,确定了落料拉深复合成形的工艺方案,缩短了复杂零件成形模具"试错"的过程,减少了对设计经验的依赖程度,提高了模具设计的准确性和可靠性,对同类零件的冲压模具设计具有一定的参考价值。介绍了模具结构及工作过程,对设计注意事项进行了分析、归纳和总结。     

The application of abductive networks and FEM to predict the limiting drawing ratio in sheet metal forming processes

The deep drawing process, one of the sheet metal forming methods, is very useful in the industrial field because of its efficiency. The limiting drawing ratio (LDR) is affected by many material and process parameters, such as the strain-hardening exponent, the plastic strain ratio, friction and lubrication, the blank holder force, the presence of drawbeads, the profile radius of the die and punch, etc. In order to verify the finite element method (FEM) simulation results of the LDR, the experimental data are compared with the results of the current simulation. The influences of the process parameters such as the blank holder force, the profile radius of the die, the clearance between the punch and the die, and the friction coefficient on the LDR are also examined. The abductive network was then applied to synthesize the data sets obtained from the numerical simulation. The predicted results of the LDR from the prediction model are in good agreement with the results obtained from the FEM simulation. By employing the predictive model, it can provide valuable references to the prediction of the LDR under a suitable range of process parameters.     

Hydrodynamic deep drawing process assisted by radial pressure with inward flowing liquid

A radial pressure can reduce drawing force and increase drawing ratio in hydrodynamic deep drawing. However, conventional hydrodynamic deep drawing cannot attain a radial pressure higher than the pressure in the die cavity. In this research, a modified method, named hydrodynamic deep drawing assisted by radial pressure with inward flowing liquid, was proposed and investigated using both primarily experimental and numerical simulation analysis. A radial pressure higher than the pressure in the die cavity was realized by means of the inward flowing of the liquid during this process. After preliminary experimental validation, FEM was used to explore the forming process. The results from the simulation were compared with those from the experiment. The effects of the radial pressure on the wall thickness distribution, punch force, and compressive stress in the blank flange were studied with assistance of numerical simulation. The process window for radial pressures versus drawing ratios was established in 2Al2O alloy experimentally and cups with drawing ratio of 2.85 were successfully formed.     

盒形件无模充液拉深液压加载路径的研究

凹模型腔内的液体预胀形压力和工作压力是决定充液拉深过程中能否拉深出合格零件的重要工艺参数.通过采用Dynaform软件,对无模充液拉深盒形件工艺进行数字仿真,就液体压力参数对板料成形性能影响进行分析与研究.结果表明,合理地控制凹模型腔内液体加载路径和压力参数可以有效地提高板料的成形性能和成形件质量.并由液体压力所带来的摩擦保持效应可使成形件壁厚分布均匀,一次拉深的盒形件最大相对高度可达到4.25.     

Optimization of the design parameters of modified die in hydro-mechanical deep drawing using LS-DYNA

The use of a modified die enhances the limiting draw ratio compared to that obtainable in a conventional deep drawing operation. Application of these dies, in conventional deep drawing, eliminated the use of blank holder but enhances the tendency of wrinkling in drawn products. In hydro-mechanical deep drawing process, the punch deforms the blank to its final shape by moving against a controlled pressurized fluid. In this paper, a new concept of the application of modified dies in hydro-mechanical deep drawing is presented. The finite element (FE) simulations of a deep-drawing process using modified dies are performed using the 2-D explicit finite element code LS-DYNA, with the aim of optimization of design parameters and the results are compared with the experimental values. The initial design steps in the design of modified die in finite element simulation were taken from the concept of Tractrix die. The use of Tractrix die enhances the draw ratio but simultaneously increases the tendency of wrinkling. In this paper the design parameters of modified Tractrix die for hydro-mechanical deep drawing are optimized for the successful drawing of cups. It is also experimentally verified that by using such modified dies in hydro-mechanical deep drawing, deeper cups are drawn without wrinkling.     

The design of blank’s initial shape in the near net-shape deep drawing of square cup

Deep drawing process is very useful in industrial field because of its efficiency. The deep drawing is affected by many process variables, such as blank shapes, profile radii of punch and die, formability of materials and so on. Especially, in order to obtain the optimal products in deep drawing process, blank shape is very important formability factor. In this paper, the finite element method is used to investigate the cup height of the square cup drawing process. In order to verify the prediction of FEM simulation of the product’s height and forming load in the square cup drawing process, the experimental data are compared with the results of the current simulation. A finite element analysis is also utilized to acquire the designed profile of the drawn products, a reverse forming method for obtaining the initial blank’s shape according to the forward square cup drawing simulation is proposed. The design of initial blank’s shape is also certified to obtain the designed profile of drawn cups by experiment. The influences of the blank’s shape on the height of product, the forming load, the maximum effective stress and the maximum effective strain are also examined.     

游动芯头拉拔模具锥角优化的数值模拟

采用非线性有限元软件对铜管游动芯头拉拔工艺中不同配合锥角的模具受力情况和铜管表面的受力情况进行了数值模拟和分析，推断企业目前使用的模具锥角配合是否合理，以分析当前模具锥角配合是否为影响模具寿命的主要原因。     

镀层薄板拉深过程中镀层厚度变化影响因素分析

对镀层板料拉深成圆筒件的过程进行模拟及试验研究,得到了圆筒件各部分镀层厚度的变化规律。选取镀层最薄处厚度为镀层质量评价因素,利用LS-DYNA软件,基于正交法分析了拉深过程中的主要工艺参数（压边力、凹模圆角半径、凸模入口圆角半径和摩擦因数）对镀层厚度变化的影响规律,并结合拉深机理对其进行了深入研究,得到了所选工艺参数的最优组合。     

基于有限元模拟的铜包铝线拉拔参数优化

为研究拉拔参数对铜包铝线质量的影响,运用有限元方法对金刚石涂层拉拔模具拉拔铜包铝线的过程进行了模拟仿真,研究了拉拔过程中模具的应力分布情况,分析了压缩率对铜包铝线残余应力分布均匀性的影响规律。利用正交实验法研究了拉拔参数(工作锥半角α,定径带长度L,过渡圆弧半径R,压缩率β)对铜包铝线尺寸精度和残余应力分布均匀性的影响,获得了最佳拉拔参数(α=6°,L=4.5 mm,R=3 mm,β=1.82%)和各因素对分析指标的影响规律。并在此基础上对优化方案进行了模拟,结果证明了正交实验对拉拔参数优化的有效性,对金刚石涂层拉拔模具的设计及高质量铜包铝线的拉制有重要的指导意义。     

Uncertainty analysis of deep drawing using surrogate model based probabilistic method

Deep drawing is an important manufacturing process in industry. In order to obtain high-quality products produced by deep drawing, the set of design variables used in forming operation is designed through deterministic optimization. However, in real forming process, the design variables show variability and randomness which will affect the product quality. These uncertainties are an inherent characteristic of nature and cannot be avoided. This paper focuses on uncertainty analysis of deep drawing with the consideration of uncertainties in material parameters and friction. An uncertainty analysis approach which combines the finite element method (FEM) simulation, surrogate modeling, and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is presented in this work. The constructed surrogate models are validated and compared by cross validation and error measures. Then Monte Carlos Simulation is conducted by the use of the constructed surrogate model. The surrogate model based probabilistic method used in this paper is an approach with high-efficiency and sufficient accuracy for uncertainty analysis in deep drawing.     

凸凹模零件的疲劳有限元分析

落料拉深复合模的凸凹模是模具工作时的主要受力部件.凸凹模零件的强度、刚度以及疲劳寿命校核是模具设计时必须考虑的问题.在拉深件受力分析的基础上,建立了凸凹模的受力模型,通过对凸凹模零件进行有限元分析,计算了该零件的应力、位移分布和疲劳寿命.分析结果显示:凸凹模在工作时,可能出现问题的部位为拉深孔口处,出现的主要问题是凸凹模工作时孔口的磨损;而由于该零件在交变载荷作用下疲劳寿命较大,孔口出现局部剥落的可能性小.