邻苯二甲酰亚胺与N-羟甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的合成研究

邻苯二甲酰亚胺的合成原料为苯酐与尿素,以邻二甲苯为溶剂,对影响邻苯二甲酰亚胺产率的反应条件进行了探究。合成N-羟甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的原料是邻苯二甲酰亚胺与甲醛,以去离子水作为溶剂。结果表明:n(苯酐)∶n(尿素)∶n(邻二甲苯)=1∶0.65∶3,反应时长为120min,反应温度为133℃,邻苯二甲酰亚胺的产率最高,产率为93.2%;n(邻苯二甲酰亚胺)∶n(甲醛)=1∶1.2,反应的时长为7 h,反应的温度为101℃,N-羟甲基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的产率最高,可达91.3%。     

N-丙烯酰基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的合成研究

以丙烯酰氯和邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾盐为原料,丙酮为溶剂,合成N-丙烯酰基邻苯二甲酰亚胺。考察了反应原料配比、反应温度和反应时间对反应产率的影响。结果表明,优化反应条件为:n(丙烯酰氯)∶n(邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾盐)=4∶1,在28℃下反应8 h,N-丙烯酰基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的产率为54%。     

4-硝基-N-甲基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺的合成新工艺研究

研究了以甲苯为溶剂，邻苯二甲酸酐、甲胺、硝酸为原料合成4—硝基—N—甲基—邻苯二甲酰亚胺的方法，讨论了反应温度、溶剂、原料配比和反应时间等对反应产率的影响。结果表明：n(邻苯二甲酸酐)：n(甲胺)=1：1．25，在回流下反应5h，苯酐转化率达95％，N—甲基—邻苯二甲酰亚胺收率为94％。N—甲基—邻苯二甲酰亚胺硝化工艺为：n(N—甲基—邻苯二甲酰亚胺)：n(硝酸)=1：1．1，混酸配比为n(浓硫酸)：n(硝酸)=3：1，在20～25℃、0．5h内加完，然后在55～60℃反应4h，可得4—硝基—N—甲基—邻苯二甲酰亚胺。其含量为98％，收率81％。通过红外光谱对产品进行了表征。     

含酮喹啉衍生物的合成与表征

以邻苯二甲酰亚胺为原料,与KOH反应合成了邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾,再与4-溴甲基喹啉-2-酮反应合成了4-邻苯二甲酰亚胺甲基喹啉-2-酮,最后和DMF反应即可得到4-胺甲基喹啉-2-酮。其间运用核磁、红外、质谱等手段对其结构进行表征。通过实验确定该反应的最佳条件,从而解决反应条件苛刻的缺点,进而降低成本,提高产率。     

4-硝基邻苯二甲腈的合成

以邻苯二甲酸酐为原料,合成出邻苯二甲酰亚胺,经硝化,氨化、脱水反应合成了4-硝基邻苯二甲腈。还对邻苯二甲酰亚胺的硝化和4-硝基邻苯二甲酰胺的脱水反应条件进行了研究,获得较佳的工艺条件,从而高产率制备的4-硝基邻苯二甲腈。     

N-(4-溴丁基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺的合成

室温下用氢氧化钾将邻苯二甲酰亚胺转化为钾盐,然后使其与1,4－二溴丁烷在丙酮中回流反应,制得N－（4－溴丁基）邻苯二甲酰亚胺,产率达90％。     

化学发光免疫分析试剂6-[N-(4-氨基丁基)-N-乙基]氨基-2,3-二氢-1,4-酞嗪二酮(ABEI)合成的新路线

对一种化学发光免疫分析试剂的合成路线和方法进行了部分改进;用4-硝基邻苯二甲酰亚胺与碘甲烷反应制备了 N-甲基-4-硝基邻苯二甲酰亚胺。产率为93%。     

1,2-二（N-（4-硝基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺)）甲基碳硼烷的合成及其紫外吸收性质

以4-硝基邻苯二甲酰亚胺、1,4-二氯-2-丁炔和十硼烷为原料,通过取代反应和炔加成反应合成了1,2-二[N-(4-硝基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺)甲基]碳硼烷(4-NP CBR)。考察了反应溶剂、原料物质的量之比和反应温度对反应的影响,得到的优化条件为:甲苯为反应溶剂,n{1,4-二[N-(4-硝基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺)]-2-丁炔)}∶n(乙腈硼烷)=1.2∶1,100℃下加热反应16 h,在该条件下,1,2-二[N-(4-硝基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺)甲基]碳硼烷的产率为51.2%。产物通过FTIR、~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR和HR-MS进行结构表征,并测定了其紫外吸收性质。     

盖布瑞尔合成法制备N-(2-羟乙基)-邻苯二甲酰亚胺

报道了通过盖布瑞尔合成法制备N (2 羟乙基) 邻苯二甲酰亚胺。以DMF为溶剂,邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾盐与氯乙醇在90℃下反应12h,N (2 羟乙基) 邻苯二甲酰亚胺的收率为86%。讨论了反应温度、反应时间、物料比例以及不同溶剂对反应收率的影响。该方法操作简便,实验条件温和,后处理简便,适合N (2 羟乙基) 邻苯二甲酰亚胺的实验室制备。     

Balz-Schieman法合成4-氟邻苯二甲酰亚胺

以4-硝基邻苯二甲酰亚胺为原料,通过Balz-Schieman法制备了4-氟邻苯二甲酰亚胺,考察了BalzSchieman反应中氟硼酸用量对氟硼酸重氮盐收率的影响,得到n(4-氨基邻苯二甲酰亚胺)∶n(氟硼酸)=1∶4时收率最高,为89.2%。并考察了反应条件对重氮盐加热分解反应的影响,得到最优反应条件为:采用液相加热分解方式,氟化钾催化剂存在下,n(原料)∶n(氟化钾)=1∶2,在130℃分批次投料,反应3 h,4-氟邻苯二甲酰亚胺的收率为43.4%。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

我国聚碳酸酯工业发展概况

介绍我国聚碳酸酯生产能力和消费需求,对聚碳酸酯在信息工业中的应用作了简短介绍     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.