PIC单片机在超声波测距系统中的应用

介绍了一种基于PIC单片机的避障机器人超声波测距系统，该系统通过测量输出脉冲宽度（即发射与接收超声波的时间间隔）来测量障碍物与避障机器人之间的距离，从而控制机器人电机的停、转，达到对机器人的自动控制。并对实验结果进行了分析，基本可以达到实际应用的目的。该系统包括门控电路、放大电路及信号筛选、整形电路，具有硬件简单、工作可靠、测距误差小等特点。     

超声波骨密度传感器的关键技术研究

超声波骨密度传感器背衬块中钨粉比例和匹配层厚度是影响传感器性能的关键参数,它与传感器性能之间的关系研究尤为重要。在分析脉冲宽度与峰-峰值对分辨力和灵敏度影响的基础上,确定较合理的钨粉配比和匹配层厚度,并成功研制定量超声传感器及其配套收发电路,经实验表明,自主研制的超声波骨密度传感器达到预期的效果。     

液体压力激波发生器试验研究

介绍了基于脉冲超声波聚焦技术的压电陶瓷激波发生器结构和工作原理。建立了以微型计算机为核心的试验测试系统。对激波能量的基本影响因素和控制规律进行了试验研究。研究了声阻抗匹配、电阻抗匹配、前过渡匹配层、电激励波形等影响单元换能器发射脉冲超声波的各项技术。为今后的研究工作提供了理论依据和试验基础。     

基于 CPLD的双通道高压脉冲信号源

针对声波测井压电陶瓷换能器容性大的负载特性,采用单片机和CPLD相结合的方式设计了一种输出幅度高、驱动电流大、脉冲宽度可调的双通道高压脉冲信号源。系统利用C8051F350单片机及PWM控制芯片MM33060A,并结合自耦变压器反激式升压电路将12 V直流供电电压抬升至300 V。采用CPLD产生精确的频率可控的300 V脉冲电压,利用脉冲变压器进一步提升电压,得到了上千伏的高压激励脉冲。实验结果标明,设计的信号源在激励压电陶瓷换能器时,负载上得到了比较理想的波形,波形上升沿陡峭,无拖尾及振荡现象,满足实际应用需求。     

基于UCC3895的行波型超声波电机驱动器设计

以往的基于非智能芯片的超声波电机驱动器往往存在电路复杂,调相困难等不足,因而限制了其使用范围。针对这一问题,首先简要介绍了行波型超声波电机驱动电路基本原理和性能要求;在比较以往驱动器优缺点的基础上提出了一种基于UUC3895的多功能可调节的行波型超声波电机驱动器,该驱动器基于BiCMOS相移谐振脉宽调制（PWM）控制原理,具有调频、调压和调相功能,并可扩展外部控制器;最后,给出了实验数据与波形图。实验结果验证了该设计的可行性。     

基于CAN总线的嵌入式超声波测距仪

介绍了一种基于CAN总线的嵌入式超声波测距仪设计,在该系统中主要采用微处理器作为控制核心,运用超声波传感器及相应的放大电路组成超声波的发射与接收电路.在发送与接收超声波信号时,通过微处理器和程序计算出发送与接收超声波的时间差,再由已知的超声波传播速度,求出障碍物与超声波传感器之间的距离.同时,微处理器可以对测量的数据结果进行处理后送到LED显示器进行显示,也可以通过CAN总线将数据传送给上位机,实现远程监视和网络控制的智能化仪表功能.     

可编程的低频高能超声波收发系统设计

低频高能超声收发电路系统是为解决粗晶材料中含有空隙时,声波能量高衰减造成无法检测与达不到规定检测深度而设计的。该电路系统主要由发射电路、接收电路和发射接收转换电路三部分组成。通过可编程器件STC89C52可改变激励脉冲频率、相位和数目,以根据需要产生kHz级低频超声,结合双极性脉冲变压电路可产生高激发能量。实践表明:该电路系统可用于声衰减高的接触式无损检测场合,同时电路具有高Q值和高灵敏度,抗干扰能力强等特点。     

甚高频共振式脉冲源放电蚀除

针对传统微细电火花脉冲电源普遍存在的放电频率低、脉宽较大、纳米级高效蚀除能力难以日益提高的问题,设计出了一种基于电路共振原理的甚高频微能脉冲源,该脉冲源可产生放电频率55 MHz、电压峰峰值220 V的开路电压波形,电压脉宽可压缩至9.1 ns。进行了不同开路电压下的放电实验,获得了各实验条件下的放电波形。实验结果证明所设计的甚高频微能脉冲源具有良好的加工工艺性能。     

环鸣法声速仪超声波发射/接收电路设计

通过对海洋环鸣法声速仪的深入分析,阐述环鸣法声速仪的工作原理,设计了1种的超声波发射/接收电路。重点研究了高压窄带脉冲产生电路、MOS管驱动电路以及匹配网络。对研制的电路进行了性能分析,所有的电子器件均无过热现象,获得了较为理想的超声波。整个电路结构简单,成本相对低廉,操作安全,易于模块化实现,符合待定检测的要求。     

Note: Picosecond impulse generator driven by cascaded step recovery diode pulse shaping circuit

In this paper, a picosecond impulse generator using step recovery diodes (SRDs) is presented. In order to reduce the pulse width of an impulse generator, we employed a cascaded SRD pulse-shaping circuit. A short impulse generation is confirmed in numerical simulation of a time-transient circuit simulator. Measurements show that the measured pulse width of the cascaded SRD impulse generator is 250 ps at 10% of the peak amplitude, which is improved by 85 ps compared with a conventional SRD impulse generator.     

基于SOPC与DDS技术的函数信号发生器

提出一种利用SOPC (System on a Programmable Chip)技术及DDS技术开发信号发生器的方法,只需用一片FPGA芯片加必要的外围电路就可以实现函数信号发生器的功能.所设计的信号发生器可以输出正弦波、三角波、矩形波3种波形,且矩形波的占空比可调.每种输出波形的频率最小值为1 Hz,最小步进值为1 Hz.     

A solid-state generator with pulsed excitation of the oscillating circuit

A solid-state high-frequency damping oscillation pulse generator based on a pulsed excitation circuit is designed. The frequency of high-frequency oscillations reaches units of megahertz with a pulse repetition rate in the continuous mode of up to 1 kHz. The frequency of output pulses determines the power consumption from the supply mains that does not exceed 700 W. In this case, the peak power of output pulses reaches hundreds of kilowatts with a generator efficiency of up to 65%, if the optimal resistive load is used. The main area of the generator application is the generation of low-temperature atmospheric-pressure plasma.     

Envelope pulsed ultrasonic distance measurement system based upon amplitude modulation and phase modulation

A novel microcomputer-based ultrasonic distance measurement system is presented. This study proposes an efficient algorithm which combines both the amplitude modulation (AM) and the phase modulation (PM) of the pulse-echo technique. The proposed system can reduce error caused by inertia delay and amplitude attenuation effect when using the AM and PM envelope square wave form (APESW). The APESW ultrasonic driving wave form causes a phase inversion phenomenon in the relative wave form of the receiver. The phase inversion phenomenon sufficiently identifies the "measurement pulse" in the received wave forms, which can be used for accurate time-of-flight (TOF) measurement. In addition, combining a countertechnique to compute the phase shifts of the last cycle for TOF, the presented system can obtain distance resolution of 0.1% of the wavelength corresponding to the 40 kHz frequency of the ultrasonic wave. The standard uncertainty of the proposed distance measurement system is found to be 0.2 mm at a range of 50-500 mm. The APESW signal generator and phase detector of this measuring system are designed on a complex programmable logic device, which is used to govern the TOF measurement and send the data to a personal computer for distance calibration and examination. The main advantages of this APESW system are high resolution, low cost, narrow bandwidth requirement, and ease of implementation.     

用于激光雷达的高精度脉冲延时及脉宽控制研究

针对激光雷达距离选通可实现不同距离雷达回波信号的选通采集,采用AD9501延时芯片和单片机设计了脉冲延时时间和脉宽可调的延时电路。其中,采用LabVIEW编写上位机控制软件,2片延时芯片级联实现了16位精度的延时调节,第3片延时芯片及R-S触发器实现了8位精度的脉宽的调节。实验中,3片AD9501由单片机进行控制,通过调整电路参数和上位机参数,延时范围达到1.8 μs可调,延时精度大约为30 ps,存在固有延时280 ns,完全满足激光雷达距离选通的要求。     

一种基于AD9850的超声波信号发生器

为满足海底沉积物声学特性的实验室测量,该文基于DDS专用芯片AD9850,设计了一种高精度可编程的超声波信号发生器。介绍了AD9850的基本原理和工作特点,给出了单片机与AD9850的硬件接口模块、功率放大电路模块。运用此信号发生器产生的超声波对海底沉积物柱状样品的声特性进行实验测量,并对实验结果进行分析。     

新超低频任意信号发生器

以单片机为核心,设计了一个超低频任意函数信号发生器.该信号发生器采用数字波形合成技术,通过硬件电路和软件程序相结合,可输出自定义波形,如正弦波、三角波、方波和锯齿波及其他任意波形,且超低频的功能突出.详细介绍了任意波形的生成原理、硬件电路设计以及软件系统部分的设计原理.波形的频率和幅值在一定范围内可任意改变.与传统信号发生器只有固定的几种输出波形相比,具有输出波形的任意化和低频精度高的特点.     

Subnanosecond pulse generator operating with arbitrary load

A subnanosecond pulse generator based on two Blumlein pulse-forming lines (PFL) is investigated. The width of an output pulse of the generator does not depend on its load resistance in contrast to the basic structure of a Blumlein PFL. Therefore, the generator does not need to be matched to load in order to avoid the reflections. The circuit design was simulated by PSPICE simulation software. The reported subnanosecond pulser was made using a microstrip technique. A comparison between measured and simulated results shows good agreement.     

一种高精度的超声波厚度测量仪

介绍一种高精度的超声波厚度测量仪系统。论述系统的测量原理、系统构成,给出脉冲发生器、同步电路、计数器等电路的设计。总结系统的实验结果和系统特点。     

小试件材料弹性常数超声测量系统的研制

本文针对小试件块体纳米材料力学性能测试的特殊需求，设计开发了一套小试件材料弹性常数超声精密测量系统。系统由线聚焦PVDF探头、四轴精密运动平台、NI PXI总线嵌入式控制器、超声脉冲产生／接收仪以及数字记忆示波器组成。系统基于声学显微镜技术，利用同时测定纵波和漏表面波波速来表征材料的弹性常数等，既适用于各向同性材料，又适用于各向异性材料。试验结果表明本测量系统工作良好，能够满足试验要求，为进一步评价小试件纳米材料制备工艺和表征纳米材料的力学性能奠定了基础。     

Analysis of damping resistor’s effects on pulse response of self-integrating Rogowski coil with magnetic core

A self-integrating Rogowski coil with magnetic core is investigated for accurate measurement of high-impulse current in this paper. Usually, the distributed parameters of Rogowski coil generate deleterious high-frequency resonant signal parasitizing in the useful signal of the coil circuit. Damping resistors can be used to eliminate the parasitic resonant component of the signal. In this paper, damping effects of the damping resistors on the output signal of Rogowski coil are studied in detail. According to circuit theory, approximate circuit equations of Rogowski coil with lumped parameters in simplification are put forward. Response signal of coil is analyzed and a reasonable method for choosing damping resistance is also presented. When the 50 Ω damping resistance is used, the amplitude of parasitic resonant signal has been damped by 5.7 times in contrast to the situation without any damping resistance. Result of Pspice circuit simulation corresponds to the theoretical calculation result. A standard 10 ns square pulse has been used to calibrate the coil signal before and after the damping resistors soldering on the coil, respectively. Experimental results show that the response time of the coil with magnetic core is 1.1 ns and the parasitic resonance in the coil signal is almost eliminated. The coil can accurately detect high-pulse current at kA range.