"The citation of Soviet scholars by Western psychologists": Reply to Bierschenk.

Reply's to a comment by Bernhard Bierschenk (see record 2009-09661-001) on the current authors original comment in the November 1985 issue of the American Psychologist. Bierschenk has objected to the current author's reference to Marx, Engels, and Zeigarnik as "Soviet scholars." In the case of Marx and Engels, he is absolutely correct—they are not "Soviet scholars" in the literal, geographic sense—and Solo thanks him for his response. However, Solo is defending his labeling of Zeigarnik as a "Soviet scholar." Even though she was an early member of the "Bediner Schule," studied with Lewin, and published some early works in the German Inn mmm% she spent most of her professional life at Moscow State University and other Russian institutions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"When laws and values conflict: A dilemma for psychologists": Reply.

That a majority of 100 senior psychologists surveyed by K. S. Pope and T. Bajt (1988) failed to obey reporting laws is not surprising given that these laws were not framed by psychologists, require predictions of violence, and subordinate professional responsibility and clinical judgment to a policing function. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"The citation of Soviet scholars by Western psychologists": Comment.

Comments on the original article by R. L. Solso (see record 1986-13286-001). The commenter states that in the original article, in the table, Solso listed Marx, Engels, and Zeigarnik as Soviet scholars. This is, in his opinion, a flagrant error, because Marx, Engels, and Zeigarnik (Berliner Schule) worked at German universities and published their work primarily in German. For him it is very difficult to see how these scholars could be mixed up with Soviet scholars. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Contemporary practice of psychological assessment by clinical psychologists.

The authors extended and, in some respects, updated a clinical assessment study that first appeared in American Psychologist some 18 yrs ago. Using survey responses provided by 412 assessment-active clinical psychologists, it was found that (1) an identifiable, highly select core of assessment procedures is most often used by most clinical psychologists across most work settings; (2) psychological assessment as it is practiced now appears in many respects to be very similar to psychological assessment as it was practiced by psychologists 30 or more years ago; and (3) although much ado has been made about the decline of and academics' negative opinions about projective techniques, from the standpoint of practice, all that truly appears to be much ado about nothing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Empathy: A neglected topic in psychological research": Reply.

Replies to K. B. Clark's (see record 1980-09677-001) article on empathy by distinguishing empathy as a state or condition from the behaviors which stem from that state. Given the prerequisites of understanding and being able to identify emotional behavior, a person with empathy then shifts his or her point of view to comprehend the feeling state of another person. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"The experience of "forgetting" childhood abuse: A national survey of psychologists": Correction.

Reports 2 errors in the Results section of the original article by S. Feldman-Summers and K. S. Pope (Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1994[June], Vol 62[3], 636–639). The 1st sentence of paragraph 2 in the subsection Reported Abuse should read, "Sexual abuse was reported by 22.7% of the women and by 16.5% of the men, for a total of 20% of the sample.' A correction is also provided for the final sentence of paragraph 3 in the subsection Forgotten Abuse. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1994-39093-001.) A national sample of psychologists were asked whether they had been abused as children and, if so, whether they had ever forgotten some or all of the abuse. Almost a quarter of the sample (23.9%) reported childhood abuse, and of those, approximately 40% reported a period of forgetting some or all of the abuse. The major findings were that (1) both sexual and nonsexual abuse were subject to periods of forgetting; (2) the most frequently reported factor related to recall was being in therapy; (3) approximately one half of those who reported forgetting also reported corroboration of the abuse; and (4) reported forgetting was not related to gender or age of the respondent but was related to severity of abuse. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"More mischief": Reply.

Addresses the errors that A. O. Ross (1978) found in W. M. Cox and V. Catt's (see record 1978-21651-001) article on productivity ratings of graduate psychology programs, objecting to Ross's attempt to discredit the authenticity of Cox and Catt's data. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"The stability of behavior: II. Implications for psychological research": Reply to Lieberman.

Responds to L. R. Lieberman's (1981) critique of the author's article (see record 1980-29122-001) and states that he did not imply that experimental results cannot be replicated. Indiscriminate aggregation can reduce validity and reliability, but aggregation can be useful. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Meeting current challenges in higher education: The need for more psychologists": Correction.

Reports an error in "Meeting current challenges in higher education: The need for more psychologists" by A. W. Logue (Review of General Psychology, 2007[Dec], Vol 11[4], 381-391). On page 389, right column, last paragraph, the second to last sentence should read "The goal now, however, will be to improve students' success, faculty's scholarship, and the future of their communities". On page 386, right column, third paragraph, line six, "psychologist-administrators" should appear as "psychologist administrators". On page 390, right column, the Logue 2006 reference should read "[Survey of fields of Middle States Commission accredited New York State institutions of higher education chief academic officers and presidents]". (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2007-18727-007.) Higher education is currently facing many serious challenges. These challenges derive from the effects of globalization, massification (the wide availability of higher education), competition, expanding technology, regulation, litigation, and tuition increases that are outpacing student aid. Many psychologists possess the skills to overcome these challenges: to facilitate the learning, creativity, and performance of each student, faculty member, and staff member; foster productive group relations; analyze human behavior qualitatively, quantitatively, and experimentally; and generate and steward funds for their institutions. Psychologists are well prepared to lead institutions of higher education through and beyond their 21st-century challenges. Relatively few higher education leaders are psychologists, however. Psychologists should be encouraged to choose administrative career paths and thus greatly benefit our colleges and universities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Was McGraw a maturationist?": Reply.

Replies to T. C. Dalton's (see record 83:33646) commentary concerned with the labeling of M. B. McGraw as a maturationist as raised in Thelen's (see record 1995-20907-001) study on infant/child motor skill development. The issues raised by Thelen did not depend on whether McGraw was labeled a maturationist; what was evident in McGraw's work was a real tension between her manifest maturational theory on the one hand and her writings expressing the richness of the developmental process on the other. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Current practice of psychological assessment.

A survey was conducted to evaluate current psychological testing practice in acute care inpatient settings. Findings indicated that psychologists typically continue to use the standard test battery developed by Rapaport, Gill, and Schafer in the 1940s. We outline an alternative problem-oriented approach to assessment that seems better suited for short-term care settings. In this model the primary assessment strategy emphasizes rapid assessment of symptoms and problem areas rather than comprehensive personality assessment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Psychotherapy outcome research": Reply.

Replies to M. J. Lambert's (1979) criticism of H. J. Eysenck's (1978) critique of a study of psychotherapy outcome by M. L. Smith et al (see record 1978-10341-001), defending Eysenck's estimate of spontaneous remission. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Ideology run wild": Reply.

Replies to H. J. Eysenck's comment (1976) that takes exception to the author's views (see record 1976-04475-001) concerning the possibility of a sociology of psychological knowledge. The author stresses that psychological theory and knowledge are partly conditioned by social forces, a position that does not entail a commitment to the idea as an exclusive cause. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Servants of power revisited": Reply.

Replies to the suggestion by R. P. Shore (1982) that "Servants of Power" (see record 1982-01944-001) should be brought up to date and argues that it is irrelevant to the content of his original article. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Research design and strategy for studying psychological adjustment to cancer": Reply to Thomas.

The Andersen and Jochimsen (1985) investigation was conducted to determine the sexual functioning deficits and the relation between global sexual evaluation and adjustment in two related areas, the marital relationship and body image, for breast and gynecologic cancer patients. In response to Thomas's (1986) commentary, a discussion is provided of quasi-experimental designs, choice of appropriate comparison conditions, and separation of cancer, site, and treatment effects and their interactions in the study of psychological aspects of cancer adjustment. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Religiosity and emotional disturbance": Reply.

In response to the criticism of A. Ellis (see record 1988-20829-001) on flaws in the study by P. W. Sharkey and the present author (see record 1987-22684-001) on religiosity and emotional disturbance, it is asserted that the Ss studied were clients in Ellis's counseling center; 2 parameters for future studies are suggested. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"How mental systems believe": Reply.

Replies to L. L. Downing's (see record 1992-33857-001) comment on D. T. Gilbert's (see record 1991-17453-001) article on belief and comprehension. When a person accepts or believes a proposition, the person is prepared to behave as though it is true. Belief is the propensity to behave, not the tendency to swear up and down. Downing's notion that people can be prepared to act as if X were true prior to knowing what X stands for is a non sequitur. Downing fails to distinguish between statements of belief and beliefs proper. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"'Normal' personality inventories in clinical assessment: General requirements and the potential for using the NEO Personality Inventory": Reply.

Responds to comments by Y. S. Ben-Porath and N. G. Waller (see record 1992-25755-001), noting that (1) no self-report instrument can provide a complete clinical evaluation, but personality measures may contribute to the evaluation; (2) the use of validity scales is controversial and cannot supplant clinical judgment; (3) the NEO Personality Inventory embodies a hierarchical model of personality structure that can aid the interpretation of profiles; (4) anxiety, depression, and impulsiveness (inability to control urges) are all aspects of neuroticism; and (5) the time has come for a systematic reevaluation of all measures used in clinical assessment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"An exercise in mega-silliness": Reply.

Replies to H. J. Eysenck's (1978) criticisms of M. L. Smith and G. V. Glass's (see record 1978-10341-001) meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies. Eysenck's rejection of any evidence supporting the effectiveness of psychotherapy is disputed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Positive psychology: An introduction": Reply.

Responds to comments by A. C. Bohart and T Greening, S. B. Shapiro, G. Bacigalupe, R. Walsh, W. C. Compton, C. L. McLafferty and J. D. Kirylo, N. Abi-Hashem, A. C. Catania, G. K. Lampropoulos, and T. M. Kelley (see records 2002-15384-010, 2002-15384-011, 2002-15384-012, 2002-15384-013, 2002-15384-014, 2002-15384-015, 2002-15384-016, 2002-15384-017, 2002-15384-018, and 2002-15384-019, respectively) on the January 2000, Vol 55(1) special issue of the American Psychologist dedicated to positive psychology. M. E. P. Seligman and M. Csikszentmihalyi expand on some of the critical themes discussed in the commentaries. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)