4Cr5MoSiV电火花成型加工关联分析

使用紫铜成型电极对4Cr5MoSiV进行了电火花成型加工试验,选择加工速度v_m、加工时间t、电极损耗速度v_E、双边侧面间隙S、和相对损耗比θ作为工艺指标,采用了灰色关联度理论,分析了主要电参数对加工指标的影响关联程度,结果表明:峰值电流■对五个工艺指标的综合影响程度最大;脉冲宽度t_i对加工时间的影响程度最大,而对电极损耗v_E、双边侧面间隙S、和相对损耗比θ的影响程度都最小,在保证电极损耗v_E、双边侧面间隙S、和相对损耗比θ相对较小的情况下,要减少加工时间t,应当首先选择较大的脉冲宽度ti。     

QT700-2电火花加工工艺试验特征规律研究

综合应用单因素实验和正交实验对QT700-2进行电火花加工试验,在分析电火花加工QT700-2基础特征规律之上,考查了电规准对材料去除率、电极损耗等的影响规律。研究结果表明,采用紫铜电极负极性标准切入加工QT700-2时,在试验范围内,峰值电流对加工速度和电极损耗的影响最为显著;脉冲宽度在25～400μs范围内存在一个使加工速度最快的脉冲宽度ti;峰值电流虽然可以提高加工效率,但是会急剧加速电极损耗,在保证较低相对损耗比的同时提高加工效率,应首先考虑提高脉冲宽度。     

硬质合金电火花加工性能的试验研究

通过试验研究硬质合金的电火花加工中脉冲宽度、峰值电流等电参数对加工速度、电极损耗、加工表面粗糙度的影响规律,得出结论:脉冲宽度和峰值电流必须在一个合适的范围内才能得到较好的加工效果。     

3Cr2W8V电火花成形加工工艺指标试验研究

通过电火花成形加工3Cr2W8V的实验研究,探索了峰值电流、脉冲宽度和脉冲间隔对电火花成形加工的加工速度、电极损耗的影响,总结出3Cr2W8V电火花成形加工合理的加工参数.实验表明:峰值电流为18.4 A、脉冲宽度为130 μs、脉冲间隔为24 μs时,可以进行高效加工.这对模具制造中采用电火花成形加工具有一定的指导意义.     

纯铜窄缝式电极电火花线切割加工试验研究

窄缝式电极可以代替凹槽式电极用于电火花成形微凸起结构.为研究纯铜窄缝式电极电火花线切割加工性能的影响规律,以峰值电流、脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔、间隙电压为试验因素,设计进行了正交试验.研究了各试验因素对切缝宽度、切割速度的影响关系,采用信噪比和灰关联度分析方法对多工艺目标进行优化参数组合.试验结果表明:各因素对切缝宽度影响强弱依次为,间隙电压、脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔、峰值电流;对切割速度影响强弱依次为,脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔、间隙电压、峰值电流,其中脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔对切割速度的影响起主导作用.脉冲宽度20μs、脉冲间隔40μs、峰值电流8档、间隙电压6档为最优组合参数,为纯铜窄缝式电极的制作提供理论指导.     

混粉准干式电火花加工试验研究

提出一种混粉准干式电火花加工技术,其加工介质是气液固三相流混合物。试验结果表明,材料去除率与表面粗糙度随脉冲宽度、峰值电流及分层厚度的增大而增大,脉冲间隙作用则相反,提高空气压力既有助于提高材料去除率又可降低表面粗糙度,电极损耗随脉冲宽度增大而减小,当脉冲宽度较大时电极损耗接近于零,随峰值电流增大而增加。由于液滴、粉末的介入,气体介质的绝缘强度降低,放电间隙会增加,有利于电蚀产物的排除,可减少短路、电弧放电的发生率,加工稳定性得到提高,从而材料去除率得到提高;由于粉末会产生放电分散效果,电蚀凹坑深度减小,工件表面粗糙度降低。     

电极材料对电加工8418钢表面质量的影响研究

采用紫铜电极、Cu W70在变化的峰值电流(I)、脉冲宽度(ton)电参数下加工8418钢,研究电极材料及电参数对电火花加工表面质量的影响。测得了工件表面粗糙度、微观硬度、白层厚度、微裂纹,结果表明:采用紫铜电极加工时工件表面粗糙度(Ra)及白层厚度(WT)均比采用Cu W70时略大,但在精加工放电参数下,电极材料对表面粗糙度的影响区别并不明显。工件表面粗糙度与白层厚度随着峰值电流和脉宽的增大而增大,且峰值电流对白层厚度的增加起主要作用。显微硬度随着与工件表面距离的增大而急剧减小。在低放电能量时,两种电极加工的8418钢表面基本上没有微裂纹,质量较好;在中高放电能量时,紫铜电极加工的工件表面微裂纹的数量比Cu W70电极的要多,但裂纹宽度差别不大。     

基于正交试验的电火花加工工艺效果试验分析

通过正交试验分析,探讨电火花成形加工中影响加工效果的主要因素,阐述了脉冲峰值电流、脉冲宽度及脉冲间 隔等对加工速度、加工表面粗糙度及工具电极损耗的影响关系,对解决电火花加工实践中工艺参数优化问题具有一定的 理论和实践意义。     

基于正交试验的电火花加工实验分析

由于电参数的改变会影响电火花加工的性能,为了研究在不同电参数条件下加工性能的变化规律,采用了正交试验研究用铜电极对45#钢进行电火花加工实验时脉冲宽度、峰值电流和脉冲间隔对加工速度、电极损耗的影响规律。通过一系列实验研究和理论分析得知：电流是影响电加工特性的主要因素,在脉冲宽度变化较大时,脉宽的改变对加工性能的影响也非常显著;当脉宽变化不大时,脉冲间隔对加工性能的影响较显著。研究结论为推动电火花加工,提高模具的加工精度提供了理论指导意义。     

电火花-电解复合加工的低电极损耗机理研究

微小孔电火花-电解复合高速制孔加工过程中,因电火花放电而导致的工具电极快速损耗,严重影响了微小孔的加工精度。针对该问题,研究基于溅射补偿的低电极损耗电火花-电解复合加工机理,通过实验验证采用中性盐浓液可促进溅射补偿速率、降低工具电极损耗,从而有效改善微小孔加工精度。通过电火花高速穿孔加工和电火花-电解复合高速制孔加工的对比实验发现,当采用中性盐浓液作为工作液时,工具电极端部工件材料成分含量比电火花高速穿孔加工多了7.34%,工具电极的损耗减少了14.7%。此外,优化实验表明,采用工作液电导率为10 m S/cm,脉冲宽度为15μs,脉冲间隔为38μs,峰值电流为8 A的工艺参数组合,可高效促进溅射层的形成,且工具电极损耗率低。     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE INFLUENCE OF MAJOR OPERATING PARAMETERS DURING MICRO-ELECTRO DISCHARGE DRILLING OF CEMENTED CARBIDE

Present study investigates the influence of major operating parameters on the performance of micro-EDM drilling of cemented carbide (WC-10wt%Co) and identifies the ideal values for improved performance. The operating parameters studied were electrode polarity, gap voltage, resistance, peak current, pulse duration, pulse interval, duty ratio, electrode rotational speed and EDM speed. The performance of micro-EDM drilling process was evaluated by machining time, material removal rate (MRR), relative electrode wear ratio (RWR), spark gap, surface finish and dimensional accuracy of micro-holes. It has been found that there are two major conflicting issues in the micro-EDM of carbide. If the primary objective is to obtain better surface finish, it can be obtained by the sacrifice of high machining time, low MRR and high RWR. However, for faster micro-EDM, the surface roughness is higher and electrode wear is again much higher. It is concluded that negative electrode polarity, gap voltage of 120 V, resistance of 33 Ω, peak current of 8 A, pulse duration of 21 μs, pulse interval of 30 μs, duty cycle of 0.47, electrode rotational speed of 700 rpm and EDM speed of 10 μm/s can be considered as ideal parameters to provide improved performances during the micro-EDM of WC-Co.     

Characteristic investigation of pipe cutting technology based on electro-discharge machining

Pipe cutting technology plays an important role in the process of offshore platforms decommissioning, as many devices such as tubing, drill pipe, and casing need to be decommissioned. In this study, a novel cutting pipe technology based on electro-discharge machining (EDM) is proposed, and a cutting pipe mechanism is developed to cut the pipes for decommissioning offshore platforms. The machining principles and characteristics of the technique are described. The effects of machining parameters, including tool polarity, dielectric fluid, electrode material and width, pulse on-time, pulse off-time, peak voltage, and electrode rotation speed to machining performance, are investigated. The material removal rate (MRR) of the machined casing and tool electrode wear ratio (EWR) is obtained based on the calculation of the percentage of mass loss per machining time. The experimental results show that a better cutting performance can be obtained with negative tool polarity at the conditions of dielectric fluid of emulsion, pulse on-time of 500 μs, pulse off-time of 200 μs, peak voltage of 70 V, copper electrode width of 28 mm, and electrode rotation speed of 250 rpm is a better choice. Additionally, the cutting slots surface has been investigated by the means of SEM. The cutting slots machined by the rotary EDM are clean and smooth.     

TC4钛合金电火花小孔加工多目标优化试验研究

为提升电火花加工TC4钛合金的表面加工质量和加工效率,选取紫铜圆柱电极开展TC4钛合金电火花小孔加工试验,采用正交试验法,以电极相对损耗率、表面粗糙度、工件材料去除体积为工艺指标,分析峰值电流、维持电压、放电脉宽对工艺指标的影响重要性。采用RBF(Radial basis function)神经网络对已有试验数据进行训练,建立放电参数与工艺指标之间的数学预测模型。以该预测模型为适应度函数,将遗传算法与Skyline选择算法结合进行多目标优化仿真,得到最佳工艺指标,最后开展多目标优化验证试验。结果表明：当峰值电流为14 A、维持电压39 V/42 V、放电脉宽102μs/108μs时能够取得最优的加工结果,优化值与试验值误差较小。     

基于灰关联分析的电火花刻槽工艺参数优化

为了获得较高的加工质量和加工效率,在对加工时间、电极蚀损量、回退次数和表面粗糙度等指标进行综合分析的基础上,对电极材料、加工电压、峰值电流、脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔、正常进给速度以及快进速度等工艺参数进行了分析和优化.采用电火花刻槽机为实验工具进行正交试验,对正交试验的结果进行了直观分析和灰关联分析.对灰关联度进行F检验后,获得了显著的影响因素,最终遴选出最优加工参数.验证试验表明,灰关联分析法能简化复合工艺指标的优化选择,具有很好的应用效果.     

Study on the characteristics of plasma channel based on multi-spark pulse discharge machining effect

Plasma channel characteristics and energy distribution in electrical discharge machining (EDM) were mostly studied by analyzing the geometry parameters of craters caused by a single pulse discharge in previous studies. However, single pulse experiments cannot provide us insights into superposition, migration, abruption, interruption, and other phenomena of the plasma channel which have significant effects on EDM. Besides, EDM itself is a consecutive pulse discharge process. Thus, this paper focuses on the characteristics of plasma channel and the mechanism of material removal based on experimental data from multi-spark pulse discharge machining. The contrastive milling experiments of different parameters in multi-spark pulse discharge machining in high-speed dry EDM by using nickel-based superalloy as workpiece were conducted. The effects of peak current, dielectric type, breakdown voltage, air pressure, and electrode rotation speed on the crater number, crater distance, crater depth, and crater removal volume were studied. The plasma channel characteristics and material removal mechanism in continuous machining of high-speed dry EDM were revealed.     

Influence of electrical conditions on performance of electrical discharge machining with powder suspended in working oil for titanium carbide deposition process

This paper describes the influence of the discharge current and the pulse duration on the titanium carbide (TiC) deposition process by electrical discharge machining (EDM) with titanium (Ti) powder suspended in working oil. Although the influence of the electrical conditions for removal EDM has been investigated, the criteria for deposition have not been discussed. In the experiments, a 1-mm copper rod was used for an electrode to prevent the flushing of working oil from the gap between the electrode and a workpiece. Ti powder reacted with the cracked carbon from the working oil, then depositing a TiC layer on a workpiece surface. A major criterion of the deposition or removal was the discharge energy over a pulse duration of 10 μs. A thickness of the TiC layer became the maximum at a certain discharge current and pulse duration. Larger discharge energy and power promoted the removal by heat and pressure caused by the discharge. The removal was classified further into two patterns; cracks were observed on the Ti-rich surface in removal pattern 1 and a workpiece was simply removed in removal pattern 2. The maximum hardness of the deposition was 2000 Hv. The workpiece about 10 μm beneath its surface was also hardened because of the dispersion of TiC. The machining conditions for the hardest deposition did not coincide with those for the highest one. Therefore, the discharge current and pulse duration should be optimized for the deposition.     

水气联合电火花加工实验研究

将自来水和压缩空气作为电介质,使用实心成形电极对钢件进行电火花加工实验,探讨其加工机理。实验证明,空气与水的配合状况对电火花效果起着决定性作用;加工中可以获得较大的加工速度(材料蚀除速率)和较低的电极相对损耗,加工后工件表面粗糙度值一般较大;水气联合电火花加工适宜于高电流大脉宽加工。     

Optimization of machining parameters in rotary EDM process by using the Taguchi method

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the advanced methods of machining. Most publications on the EDM process are directed towards non-rotational tools. But rotation of the tool provides a good flushing in the machining zone. In this study, the optimal setting of the process parameters on rotary EDM was determined. A total of three variables of peak current, pulse on time, and rotational speed of the tool with three types of electrode were considered as machining parameters. Then some experiments have been performed by using Taguchi's method to evaluate the effects of input parameters on material removal rate, electrode wear rate, surface roughness, and overcut. Moreover, the optimal setting of the parameters was determined through experiments planned, conducted, and analyzed using the Taguchi method. Results indicate that the model has an acceptable performance to optimize the rotary EDM process.     

Sinking EDM in water-in-oil emulsion

In this paper, a new type of sinking electric discharge machining (EDM) dielectric–water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion is proposed, and the machining characteristics of W/O emulsion are investigated by comparing with that of kerosene. In the experiments, machining parameters such as the dielectric type, peak current, and pulse duration are changed to explore their effects on machining performance, including the material removal rate (MRR), relative electrode wear rate (REWR), and surface roughness. Experimental results revealed that W/O emulsion could be used as the dielectric fluid of sinking EDM and adopting long pulse duration and large peak current could lead to obtaining higher MRR than kerosene. Compared with kerosene, W/O emulsion is observed to cause lower carbon adhered to the electrode surface. Therefore, its REWR is higher. Statistics of the discharge waveform show that more stable discharge processes can be obtained by using W/O emulsion compared with kerosene. Furthermore, W/O emulsion is more economical and more environmentally friendly than kerosene, and it could be an alternative to kerosene in sinking EDM application.