加压导向管喷动流化床部分气化炉颗粒循环倍率的研究

以宽筛分的灰渣和2种不同粒径的窄筛分玻璃珠为实验原料，对加压导向管喷动流化床部分气化炉内颗粒循环倍率进行了试验研究。提出了导向管喷动流化床颗粒循环倍率和床内压降理论关系，分析了环形区的充气量在不同系统压力、导向管位置和喷动管直径对颗粒循环倍率增加因子的影响，在此基础上提出了预测颗粒循环倍率增加因子的试验关联式。结果表明：环形区充气后不仅改善了环形区的气固接触，而且显著增加了环形区和喷动区的颗粒交换，有利于床内气固非均相反应的进行。图10表1参10     

增压导向式喷动流化床流动特性的试验研究

在内径２００ｍｍ，高３．５ｍ，６０°“Ｖ”形布风板的钢制试验装置上，采用密度为２４５０ｋｇ／ｍ３，粒径分别为（１．５～２．５）ｍｍ和（０．１～１．０）ｍｍ窄筛分玻璃珠，以及密度为２２００ｋｇ／ｍ３，粒径为（０．４５～６．０）ｍｍ的宽筛分溢流渣为物料，对各种压力下的导向式喷动流化床最小喷动流化速度、导向与环形区压降、中心喷泉高度以及颗粒循环量和气体旁路特性进行了试验研究。试验结果表明：最小喷动流化速度、导向与环形区压降以及中心喷泉高度与系统几何参数和操作参数密切相关，卷吸段气体射流的性质直接决定了颗粒循环量及其趋势，气体旁路的程度取决于卷吸段两股气流的相互作用。文章中用修正的弗劳德数归纳了中心喷泉高度试验关联式。     

喷动床反应器内流体动力特性的数值模拟

采用欧拉-欧拉双流体模型,颗粒动理学理论模拟颗粒相流动,对喷动床核反应器内的流体动力行为进行了数值模拟.模拟得到了喷动床核反应器内颗粒浓度标准方差、空隙率和颗粒速度分布.研究结果表明喷动床核反应器内颗粒浓度标准方差先逐渐增大至最大值后下降.分析了摩擦应力模型和倒锥体角度等影响因素对喷动床核反应器内的流体动力特性的影响.     

加压喷动流化床流动和扩散规律冷态实验研究

在一个加压喷动流化床装置上进行了冷态实验,研究加压条件下床中的气固流动状态和气体在各部分的扩散特性。结果表明：加压喷动流化床与常压喷动流化床中气固流动状态差异较大,其喷动流化速度与Ｐ＾－０．５成正比。实验还发现,气体由中心喷动区向周边环形区扩散速度与Ｐ＾－０．５３９成正比。在试验的基础上提出了适合常压和加压喷动流化床最小喷动流化速度的实验关联式、气体扩散速度关联式和喷动区发展段直径的实验关联式。     

三维喷动流化床流动特性数值模拟

为了研究喷动流化床煤部分气化炉的气-固流动特性,采用三维欧拉多相流模型和颗粒动能理论相结合的数学模型,对一台直径100 mm的喷动流化床试验台进行了数值模拟研究.研究内容包括喷动流化床不同工况下内部射流的发展、气-固流动特性、典型工况下气体速度分布、颗粒速度分布以及由于颗粒碰撞引起的颗粒相压力分布.模拟结果表明:典型工况下,当喷动风与总风的比例为50%时,流场有利于煤气化;气体曳力和颗粒碰撞对环形区颗粒特别是靠墙区颗粒的运动影响很大.为了验证模型的合理性,采用文献中的试验工况进行计算,计算结果和文献中的测量值吻合较好.     

加压导向管喷动流化床气化炉气体扩散规律研究

采用CO2作为示踪气体在内径200mm，高5m的全尺寸加压导向管喷动流化床中对床内气体扩散特性进行了研究，主要考察了操作参数（喷动气流率，流化气流率，操作压力，颗粒粒径和物性参数）对床内气体扩散的影响，归纳了喷动气旁路份额和流化气旁路份额随操作参数影响的试验关联式，可作为工程设计计算和实际操作的参考。     

压力对喷动流化床流动特性影响的数值模拟

建立了1台热输入0.1 MW的加压喷动流化床煤部分气化炉和相同尺寸的冷态模型试验装置,通过试验和数值模拟方法分析了压力对喷动流化床流动特性的影响.数值模拟采用了非稳态欧拉多相流模型,研究结果表明:随着工作压力增大,床内的中心喷动区和环形区的空隙率均相应减小;颗粒在较高工作压力下的轴向速度大于较低压力工况下的速度值;在压力为0.1～0.3 MPa时,模拟工况的流动状态与试验结果相符.     

新型环形喷动床的喷动机制与喷动特性

在传统喷动床的基础上,设计出一种多喷口环形喷动形式的新型喷动床.实验研究了喷口型式、喷口速度、颗粒类型对这种喷动床床内密相喷动流化区高度、可喷动静止床层高度及床层压降等参数的影响情况.结果表明:颗粒在床内的喷动形式沿床高方向呈现独特分区现象;随着喷口速度的增加,密相喷动高度和可喷动静止床层高度也相应增加;在同样的静止床层高度的情况下,直向型式的喷口更易形成喷动,床层的最小喷动速度几乎与静止床层高度呈线性关系;当床内形成较稳定的喷动后,床层压降随喷口速度的变化不明显,可视为常数.     

二维喷动流化床内气体混合的实验研究

在300 mm×30 mm×2 000 mm的喷动流化床冷态试验台上,在喷动区和环形区分别采用CO和SO2作为示踪气体的方法,获得了不同喷动气流速和流化气流率这两个重要的操作参数下,不同床层高度上示踪气体的径向分布,考察了床内喷动区与环形区之间气体的混合特性。结果表明,示踪气体在不同床层高度的径向分布呈现较大的差异,并沿床层高度依次降低。在稳定的流动状态下,喷动气速度的增大,使喷动气向环形区的传质加强,也促进了流化气在环形区的混合;流化气流率的增大,气体由环形区向喷动区的传质大于由喷动区向环形区的传质,且流化气在环形区混合加强。在不稳定的流动状态下,气体的径向浓度分布曲线两边出现不对称。     

导流管喷动床内液固两相流动特性研究

为了探究不同参数对液固导流管喷动床内颗粒流动行为的影响,本文基于欧拉-欧拉双流体模型结合颗粒动理学对喷动床内液固两相的流动特性进行数值模拟。本文在导流管喷动床的底部引入辅助入口,通过改变颗粒粒径和液体粘度,得到了颗粒轴向速度、颗粒浓度、颗粒拟温度、静压力、动压力等参数的变化规律。模拟结果显示,在一定范围内增大颗粒粒径和液体粘度,颗粒的轴向速度减小,颗粒拟温度显著升高,喷动床内的静压力增加,液体动压力减小,床层膨胀高度明显增大。但当液体粘度增加到一定值后,喷泉区不再明显,并且出现了颗粒回流的现象。因此,综合考虑颗粒粒径和液体粘度,可以显著减小颗粒的堆积,提高喷动效率,使颗粒流化更加充分。     

Studies on a recirculating fluidized-bed incinerator—cold model

Cold model studies are widely carried out to predict, analyse and improve performance details and operating conditions of the actual unit and to train operators. Cold model experiments carried out to visualize and investigate the operation of recirculating fluidized-bed incinerator are reported. Some of the details of operation which are difficult to measure on an actual unit, such as solid circulation rate, particle velocity, residence time, voidage etc., are measured on the cold model. Effects of various parameters such as jet diameter, clearance between perforated plate and draft tube bottom, draft tube superficial air velocity and solid inventory on these details are discussed. The combinations of various parameters which give higher kinetic energy transfer from gas to solids per unit pressure drop across the draft tube are identified.     

导流管喷动床流体动力特性的实验研究

对以小米为物料的常规喷动床及导流管喷动床全床压降随表观气速变化规律进行了实验研究．结果表明，与常规喷动床相比，导流管喷动床不仅最小喷动速度、操作压降和最大压降均大幅减小，而且夹带高度较小时会在达到稳定喷动之前发生有利于操作的不稳定喷动现象．此外，导流管喷动床的流体动力特性受料床高度影响不大，但受导流管内径和夹带高度的影响显著．最后，依据实验结果提出了导流管喷动床最小喷动速度的关联式．     

Effect of pressure on entrainment flow rate in vertical upwards gas—liquid annular two-phase flow. Part I: Experimental results for system pressures from 0.3 MPa to 20 MPa

The purpose of this study is to investigate the pressure effects on the entrainment flow rates in vertical gas—liquid annular two-phase flow. The cross-sectional entrainment flow rates were measured using an isokinetic probe method. It was found that the behavior of cross-sectional entrainment flow rate profiles is divided into low- and high-pressure regions. Also, the entrainment flow rates amount to 90 percent of the total liquid flow rate under high-pressure conditions. In this study, system pressure in the closed-loop system was changed substantially from 0.3 MPa to 20 MPa at a constant fluid temperature in vertical upward flow. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(5): 267–280, 1996     

Influence of the outer secondary air vane angle on the gas/particle flow characteristics near the double swirl flow burner region

A three-component particle-dynamics anemometer is used to measure, in the near-burner region, the influence of the outer secondary air vane angle on the gas/particle flow characteristics of a double swirl flow burner, in conjunction with a gas/particle two-phase test facility. Velocities, particle volume flux profiles and normalized particle number concentrations were obtained. For three different outer secondary air vane angles, annular recirculation zones formed only in the region of r/d = 0.3-0.6 at x/d = 0.1-0.3. With a decreasing outer secondary air vane angle, the peaks of (RMS) root mean square axial fluctuation velocities, radial mean velocities near the wall, RMS radial fluctuation velocities and tangential velocities all increased, and the recirculation increased slightly. There was a low particle volume flux in the central zone of the burner. At x/d = 0.1-1.0, the profiles of particle volume flux had two peaks in the secondary air flow zone and near the wall, and the two peaks increased as the outer secondary air vane angle decreased. In the section x/d = 0.1-0.5, the particle diameter in the central zone of the burner was always less than the particle diameter at other locations.     

Experiments for liquid phase mass transfer rate in annular regime for a small vertical tube

The double film extraction technique was used to measure the deposition rate and the entrainment rate of droplets for vertical upward annular two-phase flow in a small diameter tube. The test section was a round tube of 5 mm in inside diameter, air and water were used as test fluids and the system pressure was varied within 0.14–0.76 MPa. It was shown in the present experimental conditions that the deposition rate was primarily influenced by the droplet concentration in the gas core and that the entrainment rate was correlated well with the dimensionless number denoting the ratio of interfacial shear force to surface tension force acting on the surface of liquid film. These results were consistent with available empirical correlations that were developed using the experimental data for larger diameter tubes.     

A study of the deterministic properties of unbounded fire plumes

Cross-correlation techniques have been applied to the measurement of mean velocities in simulated fire plumes produced by a gas burner. The fire plume is shown to consist not only of the accelerating region close to the fuel and the conventional thermal plume beyond the flames but also of a region between them that comprises the upper 60% of the flame height where velocity is constant with height.From these measurements, together with those of mean temperature analytical expressions are obtained for mass, heat, and momentum flux, and for air entrainment ratio from the source to the conventional plume uniquely dependent on height normalized by flame length. Entrainment ratio throughout most of the flame is similar to literature values for the thermal plume except very close to the source where it rises sharply, becoming proportional to inverse height.