Preparation of Ni–Co alloy coating on sintered NdFeB magnet by potentiodynamic electrodeposition

A protective Ni–Co alloy coating was successfully prepared on sintered neodymium–iron–boron (NdFeB) magnet via potentiodynamic electrodeposition in this paper. The microstructure and surface morphology analysis of Ni–Co alloy coating showed that the surface morphologies were quite compact and more uniform than that prepared by direct current (DC) electrodeposition; significantly, the chemical composition analysis indicated that the content of Co in the alloy coatings amounted to 33–34?wt-%. Potentiodynamic polarisation and long term immersion test results revealed that the Ni–Co alloy coating could supply excellent corrosion protection for NdFeB substrate in 3.5?wt-% NaCl solution. Overall, the Ni–Co alloy coating with higher Co content prepared by potentiodynamic electrodeposition exhibited better corrosion protection for sintered NdFeB magnet compared with that prepared by DC electrodeposition.     

MlNi_4Co_(0.6)Al_(0.4)储H_2合金表面吸H_2的TDS研究

用热脱附谱 (TDS)对不同表面处理的富La混合储H2 合金MlNi4 Co0 6Al0 4 粉末样品进行H2 气吸附和脱附特性的比较和研究。未经表面处理的粉末样品 ,只测到一个H2 脱附峰 (α峰 ) ,脱附温度在 40 0K左右 ;经 6molKOH溶液 ,在 80℃下处理 6h的MlNi4 Co0 6Al0 4 粉末样品 ,有 2个H2 热脱附峰 (β峰和γ峰 ) ,脱附温度分别在 5 40和 6 30K处 ;而用 6molKOH 0 0 2molKBH4 溶液处理后 ,则有 3个H2 热脱附峰 (α峰 ,β峰和γ峰 ) ,脱附温度分别在 40 0 ,5 30和 6 40K处。TDS研究表明 ,热碱加还原的处理使材料表面对H2 气吸附的活性和容量提高 ,并使各个吸附态的扩散和转变更加容易。     

Mg2Ni alloy for metal hydride electrodes

A study was made of the effects of ball-milling Mg2Ni alloy with nickel powder, and chemically coating it with nickel on the alloy properties. Three types of alloys, nickel mixed, nickel ball-milled and nickel coated Mg2Ni alloy, were used as the active material of metal hydride electrodes. The ball-milling of the alloy with nickel powder results in an amorphous or nanocrystaline phase. Chemical coating of the alloy with nickel was carried out at 25°C. The alloy particles were pulverised by the colliding process during the ball-milling and possibly by a hydrogen decrepitation mechanism during the coating process. Electrochemical measurements show that the electrode fabricated from the nickel mixed Mg2Ni alloy was very difficult to charge and discharge at room temperature, while the characteristics of the electrode prepared by nickel ball-milling or nickel coating were greatly improved because of the changed phase structure and surface behaviour.     

CNTs添加对MmMn0.4Co0.7Al0.3Ni3.4贮氢合金负极性能的影响

对商用MmMn_0.4Co_0.7Al_0.3Ni_3.4贮氢合金中添加多壁碳纳米管(CNTs)、Ni的电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明,CNTs的加入可以提高电极的放电容量和初始活化性能,合金中添加CNTs、CNTs+Ni的电极完全活化只需11个循环,其最大放电容量分别为255、271mAh/g.而添加Ni的电极则需24个循环才达到最大容量(245mAh/g);合金中添加CNTs、CNTs+Ni的电极具有更高的放电平台和更好的高倍率放电性能(HRD),在1000mAh/g放电电流下,添加CNTs、CNTs+Ni、Ni以及未添加电极的HRD值依次为80.5%、83.9%、66.9%和62.4%,线性极化和电化学阻抗测试表明,CNTs的加入可有效减少欧姆电阻、提高电极表面的电荷迁移速率,更有利于在大电流下进行放电.     

高功率型和低温型镍氢电池用掺硼贮氢合金的研究

Ni/MH电池负极的高倍率性能和低温放电性能的提高应当受到重视，采用廉价的硼镍合金（B-Ni)作为掺硼添加剂，有效地改善常用MlNi3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3贮氢合金的高倍率性能和低温放电性能，实验结果表明，掺硼合金由于形成含CeCo4B相的复相结构可显著提高合金的电化学动力学性能，掺硼的MlNi3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3B0.3合金能够满足高功率型Ni/NH电池的高倍率性能和低温型Ni/MH电池在低温-35℃下的小倍率放电（≤120mA/g)的要求。     

包覆钯和镍后MmNi5基贮氢合金的电极特性

Ｍｍ＿（０．９）Ｔｉ＿（０．１）Ｎｉ＿（３．９）Ｍｎ＿（０．４）Ｃｏ＿（０．４）Ａｌ＿（０．３）合金包覆１０ｗｔ％钯－镍后，电极循环寿命和快速充放电性能有明显提高。同时，钯是较好的吸氢元素，这也提高了负极贮氢合金的电容量利用率。包覆钯－镍的贮氢合金电极２００次循环后电容量仅下降３％。     

Improvement of Hydrogen Storage Propertiesof La_(0.6)M_(0.4)Ni_(4.8)Mno.2 Alloys

Investigation has been carried out to find the effects of Nd substitution and Cu addition on the hydrogen storage properties of AB5-type alloy with a multicomponent La0.6M0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2 (M=Y, Nd) system. La0.6Y0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2, which was used in an air-conditioning system, showed poor hysteresis and sloping characteristics, which led to a decrease concerning the coefficient of performance of the system. By the substitution of Nd for Y, the hydrogen storage capacity increased, and the plateau pressure decreased a little, but the hydrogen absorption kinetics decreased dramatically. Cu addition can effectively improve the kinetics of hydride formation without changing the hydrogen storage capacity of La0.6Nd0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2. It has been found that La0.6Nd0.4Ni4.8Mno0.2Cu0.1 alloy showed good hydrogen storage characteristics for metal hydride air-conditioning system. The results showed that, for each component of La0.6M0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2. the effective hydrogen storage capacity increased with decrease of the unit cell     

Improvement of Hydrogen Storage Properties of La0.6M0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2 Alloys

Investigation has been carried out to find the effects of Nd substitution and Cu addition on the hydrogen storage properties of AB5-type alloy with a multicomponent La0.6M0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2 (M=Y, Nd) system. La0.6Y0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2,which was used in an air-conditioning system, showed poor hysteresis and sloping characteristics, which led to a decrease concerning the coefficient of performance of the system. By the substitution of Nd for Y, the hydrogenstorage capacity increased, and the plateau pressure decreased a little, but the hydrogen absorption kinetics decreased dramatically. Cu addition can effectively improve the kinetics of hydride formation without changing the hydrogen storage capacity of La0.6Nd0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2. It has been found that La0.6Nd0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2Cu0.1 alloy showed good hydrogen storage characteristics for metal hydride air-conditioning system. The results showed that, for each component of La0.6Mo.4Ni4.8Mn0.2, the effective hydrogen storage capacity increased with decrease of the unit cell parameter c/a and the hydrogen absorption plateau pressure increased with decrease of the parameter a.     

储氢合金表面包铜电极电化学性能研究

采用化学镀铜法对储氢合金进行表面包覆，用包覆粉制成的储氢电极，其放电容量，大电流充放电性能均得到了改善，１Ｃ全充放循环１００次，容量仅下降５％，未包覆粉制成的电极，其容量相应地损失了２１％，用此包覆粉组装有Ｎｉ／ＭＨ电池，１Ｃ／０．２Ｃ达到９５％，１Ｃ全充放循环２００周期，容量衰减２０％，此外，初步探讨了储氢合金表面包铜的得与失。     

铝材表面激光熔覆Ni_(1.5)Co_(1.5)FeCrTi_x高熵合金层的组织与性能

为了提高铝合金的耐磨性及耐蚀性并降低高熵合金中元素偏析的现象,采用CO_2激光熔覆技术在铝基体表面制备了Ni_(1.5)Co_(1.5)FeCrTi_x高熵合金熔覆层。借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和电化学工作站检测技术研究了Ti含量对Ni_(1.5)Co_(1.5)FeCrTi_x熔覆层显微组织和耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:Ni_(1.5)Co_(1.5)FeCrTi_x高熵合金熔覆层主要相结构为简单的面心立方相、金属间化合物相和Laves相;当Ti含量摩尔比从0.5增至2.0时,Ni_(1.5)Co_(1.5)FeCrTi_x高熵合金熔覆层的表面硬度从510 HV增加到554 HV,在0.5 mol/L HNO_3溶液中具有优异的耐蚀性能。     

Investigation of WC–Co alloy properties based on thermodynamic calculation and Weibull distribution

The influence of alloy composition and sintering temperature on the mechanical properties and reliability of WC–Co cemented carbides was studied theoretically and experimentally. For the first time, through a hybrid approach of thermodynamic calculations and Weibull distribution, the comprehensive performance of ultrafine WC–Co cemented carbides with different C contents and inhibitor type was investigated in detail. The carbon content of WC–10?wt-% Co–0.5?wt-% Cr cemented carbides was carefully controlled within the range of 5.38?5.52?wt-%. The contents of Cr and V are chosen to be in the range of 0–1?wt-%. It is found that WC–10?wt-% Co–0.5?wt-% Cr alloys with 5.46?wt-% C or 5.5?wt-% C show excellent mechanical properties and high reliability. WC–10?wt-% Co alloys with 0.5?wt-% Cr and 0.4?wt-% Cr–0.2?wt-% V demonstrate high mechanical property and reliability. The results of this study can be used to design process parameters during the manufacture of WC–Co cemented carbides.     

激光熔覆用钴基合金粉末的研究

对激光熔覆用WFLC－11钴基合金粉末的激光熔覆工艺和熔覆层性能进行了研究，获得了WFLC－11钴基合金粉末激光熔覆层厚度与最小比能量关系曲线和熔覆层的组织、高温硬度等性能数据，为选择和使用WFLC－11钴基合金粉末提供了依据。     

熔体快淬对纳米晶和非晶Mg20Ni10-xCox(x≈0～4)合金电化学贮氢性能的影响

为了改善Mg2Ni型合金的电化学贮氢性能,用Co部分替代合金中的Ni.用快淬工艺制备了纳米晶和非晶Mg20Ni10-xCox(x=0、1、2、3、4)贮氢合金,分析了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构,测试了合金的电化学贮氢性能.研究了Co替代Ni及快淬工艺对合金电化学贮氢性能的影响.结果表明,Co替代Ni不改变合金的Mg2Ni主相,但形成了第二相MgCo2.在快淬(x=0)合金中没有发现非晶相,但快淬(x=4)合金显示了纳米晶、非晶结构,表明Co替代Ni提高了Mg2Ni型舍金的非晶形成能力.熔体快淬显著的改善了合金的电化学贮氢性能,合金放电容量和电化学循环稳定性均随淬速的增加而增加.     

Effect of mechanical coating with Ni and Ni–5% Al on the structure and electrochemical properties of the Mg–50% Ni alloy

The Mg–Ni metastable alloys (with amorphous or nanocrystalline structures) are promising candidates for anode application in nickel–metal hydride rechargeable batteries due to its large hydrogen absorbing capacity, low weight, availability, and relative low price. In spite of these interesting features, improvement on the cycle life performance must be achieved to allow its application in commercial products. In the present paper, the effect of mechanical coating of a Mg–50 at.% Ni alloy with Ni and Ni–5 at.% Al on the structure, powder morphology, and electrochemical properties is investigated. The coating additives, Mg–Ni alloy and resulting nanocomposites (i.e., Mg–Ni alloy + additive) were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The Mg–Ni alloy and nanocomposites were submitted to galvanostatic cycles of charge and discharge to evaluate their electrode performances. The mechanical coating with Ni and Ni–5% Al increased the maximum discharge capacity of the Mg–Ni alloy from of 221 to 257 and 273 mA h g⁻¹, respectively. Improvement on the cycle life performance was also achieved by mechanical coating.     

CNTs添加对MmMn0.4Co0.7Al0.3Ni3.4贮氢合金负极性能的影响

对商用MmMn0.4Co0.7Al0.3Ni3.4贮氢合金中添加多壁碳纳米管(CNTs)、Ni的电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明,CNTs的加入可以提高电极的放电容量和初始活化性能,合金中添加CNTs、CNTs+Ni的电极完全活化只需11个循环,其最大放电容量分别为255、271mAh/g.而添加Ni的电极则需24个循环才达到最大容量(245mAh/g);合金中添加CNTs、CNTs+Ni的电极具有更高的放电平台和更好的高倍率放电性能(HRD),在1000 mAh/g放电电流下,添加CNTs、CNTs+Ni、Ni以及未添加电极的HRD值依次为80.5%、83.9%、66.9%和62.4%,线性极化和电化学阻抗测试表明,CNTs的加入可有效减少欧姆电阻、提高电极表面的电荷迁移速率,更有利于在大电流下进行放电.     

热处理对AB5型快淬态储氢合金组织结构及电化学性能的影响

为了研究热处理对AB5型快淬态储氢合金的组织结构及电化学性能的影响，在773K和973K分别对三种成分的快淬态储氢合金La1-xAx（Ni，Co，Sn）5进行了热处理，利用XRD与TEM技术分析了合金热处理前后的组织结构，利用充放电测试装置，研究了合金热处理前后的电化学性能．研究结果表明：热处理使合金内部晶格应力得以释放，恢复了扭曲的晶胞形状，使合金可以吸收更多的氢；热处理使晶粒得以细化，晶界比例相应增加，抗粉化能力增强．经过热处理后合金的容量及循环寿命均有所提高。     

退火处理对A2B7型La0.63(Pr0.1Nd0.1Y0.6Sm0.1Gd0.1)0.2Mg0.17Ni3.1Co0.3Al0.1储氢合金相结构和电化学性能的影响

利用高频感应熔炼法制备La0.63(Pr0.1Nd0.1Y0.6Sm0.1Gd0.1)0.2Mg0.17Ni3.1Co0.3Al0.1储氢合金,对铸态合金在900℃下退火热处理24h。结构分析表明,铸态合金微观组织由CaCu5型结构、Ce5Co19型结构及Ce2Ni7型结构三相组成,而退火合金则是单相Ce2Ni7型结构。铸态和退火合金电极均具有良好的活化性能,退火合金电极放电曲线更为平坦和宽阔。两种合金电极腐蚀电位基本一致,但铸态合金电极腐蚀电流更大。合金经过退火后其电极循环稳定性(S100=83.5%)明显优于铸态合金电极(S100=69%)。在100次电化学充放电循环内,低容量充电时,退火合金电极容量不衰减,合金电极容量衰减的充电容量临界点为活化最大放电容量(Cmax)的90%。铸态和退火合金电极动力学性能差别不大,铸态合金电极高倍率放电主要由氢在其体相中扩散控制,退火合金电极高倍率放电则主要由其表面电荷转移控制。     

贮氢合金电极的表面分析

通过XRD、SEM、EPMA、XPS等方法对AB5型贮氢合金电极表面进行分析。结果表明,经过0．4C充放电循环280次后,合金仍为CaCu5结构,但单胞体积和轴比c/a增大。在合金电极表面,Al的含量最高,且随层深增加而增大,最高处达89．3％（原子分数）,并以Al2O3的形式存在;La、Ni、Co均向表面富集,随层深增加含量迅速下降。La的含量最低,最大含是只有3．3％（原子分数）,以La(OH)3、La2O3的形式存在。Co只在电极表面30．0nm存在。同时在合金表面发现有呈菊花状晶体的物质生成。     

Cu粉和Ni粉添加剂对V20Ti30Cr50贮氢合金电化学性能的影响

采取手工混合和混合加烧结的方法,研究了Cu粉和Ni粉添加剂对V20Ti30Cr50贮氢合金电化学性能的影响.结果表明:烧结前,添加铜粉的V20Ti30Cr50合金的电极具有较高的放电容量,其最大放电容量为342.7mAh/g,但放电平台电压较低,仅为-0.4V(相对于Hg/HgO电极),而添加镍粉的合金电极的最大放电容量仅为73.4mAh/g,没有明显的放电平台;烧结后,添加铜粉的电极由于表面Cu4Ti3化合物的生成,电极的放电容量降低到30mAh/g,放电平台电压仍仅为-0.4V,而烧结的添加镍粉的电极合金与镍粉表面结合紧密,同时有TiNi第二相的生成,增加了合金电极表面的电催化活性,合金的放电平台电压提高到-0.8V,并且最大放电容量显著增加到209mAh/g.     

Mg-Ti基bcc结构固溶体的制备与性能研究

采用机械合金化制备Mg70-xTi12+xNi12Mn6(x=8、16、24、32)合金,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、差热分析(DTA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和压强-成分-温度(PCT)分析等方法对合金粉末进行分析和表征。结果表明,随着球磨时间的增加,合金中hcp相所对应的衍射峰减弱,衍射峰宽化,合金中固溶度以及合金化程度提高;当球磨时间为200h时,在合金Mg46Ti36Ni12Mn6和Mg38Ti44Ni12Mn6中出现具有bcc结构的固溶体,Mg70-xTi12+xNi12Mn6(x=8、16、24、32)合金的吸氢量分别为0.83%、0.68%、1.36%和0.41%(质量分数),根据DTA测试结果,Mg70-xTi12+xNi12Mn6(x=8、16、24、32)合金氢化物的第一个吸热峰位置分别为670、688、593和662K。在Mg46Ti36Ni12Mn6合金中添加5%(质量分数)的TiF3和Nb2O5混合球磨后,合金的吸氢量分别增加到了2.33%和2.36%(质量分数),TiF3和Nb2O5能有效地提高Mg-Ti基合金的贮氢性能。