A high energy D O submillimeter laser for plasma diagnostics

A narrow line optically pumped D₂O laser operating at 385 μm has delivered more than 5J in pulses longer than 3 μsec using a large aperture unstable resonator cavity design. Pulse levels >1J, 1 μsec are necessary for a single shot ion temperature measurement by Thomson scattering in large tokamaks. Experiments have, for the most part, been conducted at a 360J, 5 μsec CO₂ laser pump level where high efficiency (～ 2.5 J at 385 μm) has been obtained. These are the highest energies reported to date in the far infrared. In addition, the pulse length has been extended beyond the vibrational relaxation time.     

光泵CH3F和D2O远红外脉冲激光器

自1970年T.Y.Chang报道了光泵CH_3F远红外激光器以来,至今已发现有几十种工作物质,可在远红外波段产生1000多条激光线。远红外激光器有广泛的应用,在等离子体诊断中,通过Thompson散射,可确定Tokamak中离子密度和温度;在半导体中,可用来确定载流子浓度和杂质浓度;作为标准波长,可构成频率链的一环;在军事上,远红外激光可用于亚毫米通讯;用远红外激光照射石英晶体,可产生频率为几THz的声子,在     

An injection-locked single-mode tea CO2 laser for SMM laser pumping

A D₂O laser has been developed for collective Thomson scattering measurements of ion temperature in high temperature plasmas. A pulse duration and a spectral width of a high power D₂O laser has been successfully controlled for this purpose, by using a TEA CO₂ laser injection-locked by an etalon-tuned TEA CO₂ laser as a pump source.     

High Efficient, Intense and Compact Pulsed D2O Terahertz Laser Pumped With a TEA CO2 Laser

A high efficient, intense and compact pulsed D₂O terahertz laser is presented, which is pumped by a multi-transverse mode TEA CO₂ laser. For D₂O gas as the active medium, with the cavity length of 120 cm, pulse energy of the THz laser has been investigated as the variation of pump energy and gas pressure. When the pump energy was 1.41 J, the maximum single pulse energy of 6.2 mJ was achieved at the wavelength of 385 μm. Photon conversion efficiency as high as 36.5% was obtained when laser operated at the maximum output energy. As the pump energy was raised from 0.57 to 1.41 J, the optimum pressure was slightly changed from 400 to 700 Pa. The THz pulse consisted of a spike pulse with pulse width of 120 ns and a tail pulse with pulse width of about 170 ns. The peak power of the spike pulse is about 44.3 kW. Comparing with the occurring time and pulse width of pump pulse, 70 ns delay and 10ns broadening were observed in the THz spike pulse.     

Generation and detection of tunable ultrashort infrared and far-infrared radiation pulses of high intensity

We report on generation and detection of intense pulsed radiation with frequency tunability in the infrared and far-infrared spectral regions. Infrared radiation is generated with a transversally electrically excited high pressure CO₂ laser. A laser pulse of a total duration of about 300 ns consisted, due to self mode locking, of a series of single pulses, some with pulse durations of less than 450 ps and peak powers larger than 20 MW. Using these pulses for optical pumping of a Raman D₂O laser, trains of short far-infrared pulses with durations less than 400 ps were obtained. For detection a new ultrafast superconducting detector was used.     

Tunable te-CO2 laser-pumped formaldehyde far-infrared lasers: Offsets,assignment, and superfluorescence

Sixty and three absorption transitions in D₂CO and H₂CO, respectively, have produced a number of far infrared laser lines when they are pumped by an etalon-tuned TE-CO₂ laser. Almost all the absorption transitions pumped previously by a free runing TE-CO₂ laser have been efficiently pumped by the etalon tuned CO₂ laser and found to have offset within ±500 MHz from the line-center of the relevant CO₂ pump lines. 22 (1) absorption and 63 (4) emission lines of D₂CO (H₂CO) are assigned. Some of these lines have generated superfluorescence. In paticular, the D₂CO 319-μm line pumped by CO₂-9P(32) delivered an output energy of approximately one half that of the well-known D₂O 66-μm. It is shown that a large electric dipole moment and an appreciable amount of fractional population in the lower level of the pump transition of this line are responsible to the superfluorescence.     

Line positions and intensities in theν 2 band of D2O improvied pumped D2O laser frequencies

Using high resolution Fourier transform spectra, thev ₂ band of D₂O has been analysed leading to an extensive and precise set of rotational energy levels of the (0 1 0) vibrational state. These levels are reproduced very satisfactorily with a Watson type Hamiltonian and precise rotational constants as well as the band centerv ₂ = 1178.3789 ± 0.0005 cm^-1 are determined. A total of 61 line intensities were measured, much attention being paid to a possible contamination of the D₂O sample by HDO. A least squares fit of the intensity data has provided us with an expansion of the transition moment operator of thev ₂ band from which the first derivative \(\left( {\frac{{\partial ^x \mu }}{{\partial q_2 }}} \right)_e \) = 0.1690 ± 0.0030 D has been deduced. Finally the complete synthetic spectrum of this band has been computed. All these results have been used to derive improved frequencies for the known pumped and far-infrared laser lines of D₂O and to predict new possible coincidences with the available CO₂ laser lines.     

混合型TEA CO2激光器

本文给出了一种获得单纵模脉冲激光的装置。该激光器由TEA CO2和CWCO2激光器组成,采用内注入,结构简单易注入成功。本实验得到了预期的结果,并提出了进一步改进的方法。     

光泵CH3F和D2O远红外脉冲激光器

本文叙述了无镜远红外激光器的结构及其实验结果。用可调谐TEA CO_2激光器作为泵浦源,其输出能量在9P(20),9R(22)线上均可达1J左右。用CO_29P(20)线泵浦CH_3F分子,获得了能量为0.5mJ,波长为496μm的激光输出;用9R(22)线泵浦D_2O分子,获得了能量为1mJ,波长为385μm的激光输出。输出能量和波长是分别用热电堆和Fabry-Perot干涉仪测量的。     

InAsSb/InAsSbP double-heterostructure lasers emitting in the 3–4 µm spectral range

Our earlier reports concerning the fabrication by liquid-phase epitaxy and investigation of InAsSbP/InAsSb/InAsSbP double heterostructure lasers emitting at 3–4 μm are reviewed. The dependences of spectral characteristics and the spatial distribution of the laser emission on temperature and current are discussed. Lasing modes are shifted by 0.5–1.0 cm⁻¹ to longer wavelengths with increasing temperature. The tuning of the lasing modes by means of current is very fast (10⁻⁸–10⁻¹² s). With increasing current, the modes are shifted to shorter wavelengths by 50–60 ? at 77 K. The maximum mode shift of 104 ? (10 cm⁻¹) is observed at 62 K. The spectral line width of the laser is as narrow as 10 MHz. Abnormally narrow directional patterns in the p-n junction plane are observed in some cases in the spatial distribution of laser emission. The current tuning of lasers, due to nonlinear optical effects, has been modeled mathematically in good agreement with the experiment. Transmittance spectra of OCS, NH₃, H₂O, CH₃Cl, and N₂O gases were recorded using current-tuned lasers. __________ Translated from Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov, Vol. 35, No. 12, 2001, pp. 1466–1480. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2001 by Danilova, Imenkov, Kolchanova, Yakovlev. See [1].     

Submillimeter emission lines from CD2Cl2 optically pumped lasers

Fifty-five new submillimeter laser lines from optically pumped CD₂Cl₂, have been obtained in a FIR metallic waveguide resonator. Twenty-seven lines, ranging from 184 μm to 1387 μm, and twenty-eight lines, from 219 μm to 888 μm, have been observed when using CW CO₂ laser and CW N₂O laser optical pumping, respectively. The accuracy of wavelength measurements are of the order of 3.10^?3.     

A coherent all-solid-state laser array using the Talbot effect in athree-mirror cavity

Lateral mode coupling in a diode-pumped Nd:YAG microchip laser array is demonstrated with a Talbot cavity for the first time. The relatively low laser gains of solid-state lasers compared with diode lasers and CO₂ lasers, to which the Talbot cavity has already been applied successfully, are solved by employing a novel auxiliary Talbot cavity configuration. A brighter twin-peak far-field pattern indicating an out-of-phase array mode, whose spot is 9.3 times smaller than that obtained by incoherent superposition of the individual microchip laser outputs, is obtained from the phase-locked microchip laser array with a mode-selecting slit. Without the mode-selecting slit, a far-field pattern with a single narrow peak is obtained, showing that the array is locked in an in-phase mode, presumably because of multiple reflections in the auxiliary Talbot cavity     

Injection seeding. II. Ti:Al2O3 experiments

Experiments have been designed and performed to determine the effects on the seeding efficiency of injection seed energy and power, alignment, and spatial mode matching between single longitudinal mode seed lasers and a power oscillator. The absorption features of H₂ O have allowed the characterization of the seeding efficiency by selectively absorbing the laser output energy corresponding to the seed wavelength. This enabled the accurate measurement of the residual unseeded laser output energy. Both a pulsed and a continuous wave seed source were used for these experiments. This work compares the results of the experiments with a theory for injection seeding developed in the previous paper     

Study of Optimal Cavity Parameter in Optically Pumped D2O Gas Terahertz Laser

Heavy water gas (D₂O gas) which owns special structure property, can generate terahertz radiation by optically pumping technology, and its 385 μm wavelength radiation can be widely used. In this research, on the base of semi-classical density matrix theory, we set up a three-level energy system as its theoretical model, a TEA-CO₂ laser 9R (22) output line (λ?=?9.26 μm) acted as pumping source, D₂O gas molecules were operating medium, the expressions of pumping absorption coefficient G _p and Terahertz signal gain coefficient G _s were deduced. It was shown that the gain of Terahertz signal was related with the energy-level parameters of operating molecules and some operating parameters of the Terahertz laser cavity, mainly including cavity length. By means of iteration method, the output power density of Terahertz pulse signal was calculated numerically. Changing the parameter of cavity length and keeping others steady, the relationship curve between the output power intensity (Is) of Terahertz pulse laser and the operating cavity length (L) was obtained. The curve showed that the power intensity (Is) increased with cavity length (L) in a certain range, but decreased when the length (L) exceeded some value because of the absorption effect, and there was an optimal cavity length for the highest output power. We used a grating tuned TEA-CO₂ laser as pumping power and a sample tube of variable length in 70–160 cm as terahertz laser operating cavity to experiment. The results of theoretical calculation and experiment matched with each other, and it is helpful for miniaturizing terahertz laser volume to make it practical.     

Enhancing the Thermoelectric Properties of Ca3Co4O9 Thin Films by the Addition of a Nanoscale NbN x Second Phase

High-quality Ca₃Co₄O₉ (CCO) thin films have been epitaxially grown on c-cut Al₂O₃ single crystal substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Different doses of Nb ions were injected into the films using an ion beam injection technique, and a nanoscale NbN _x second phase was generated in the films after annealing in pure N₂. The resistivity and Seebeck coefficient of the films were measured in the temperature range 175–375 K. The results demonstrated that the power factor of the films increases when injected with appropriate quantities of Nb. When the injected Nb concentration was 1.46 × 10²⁰/cm³, the power factor of the film reached 0.17 mW/m K² at room temperature, which is nearly twice as large as that for pure CCO film. A maximum value of 0.22 mW/m K² was obtained at 375 K.     

Predicted new optically pumped FIR molecular lasers

A total of nine cw FIR laser lines are reported from two new FIR laser molecules; CH₂CHF and S¹⁸O₂. These two are from a list of twelve candidate molecules that were predicted using a set of selection criteria. The candidate D₂ ¹⁸O was tested, but did not lase. Combining these results with independent studies on other candidates, brings the number of proven laser molecules to 4 out of 5 that were tested. These results confirm the value of the selection criteria as a guideline for predicting new optically pumped FIR laser molecules.     

CW Discharge‐Pumped DCN Laser with Novel Mixture Gas

This paper describes a CW submillimeter waveguide discharge‐pumped DCN laser operating on 190 and 195μm lines with novel mixture gas(N₂, CD₄, and D₂). No brown polymer deposit was found after long time discharge even at low wall temperature. The laser discharge length is 3 m, and the resonator length is 3.4 m. The resonator cavity consists of a pyrex tube of 54 mm diameter and two plane reflectors against its ends, one is a plane mirror, the other is a metal mesh. After optimization of various parameters, such as the N₂:CD₄:D₂ gas mixture, the discharge current and the wall temperature, this laser delivers 150 and 160mW on the 190 and 195μm lines, respectively, for EH₁₁ mode.     

Optimization and Maximum Output Power of CW DCN Laser

A high power CW 195 μm DCN laser has been developed for fusion plasma diagnostics. Optimization of various parameters (such as the rate of N₂:CD₄:He gas mixture, the gas pressure and the discharge current, the wall temperature and the output couple) for maximum output power at the DCN laser were performed and reported in this paper. Output power of about 220 mW on the 195 μm line has been obtained with 3.4 m long and 54 mm inner diameter discharge-pumped wave-guide laser. A new mixture gas of N₂:CD₄:D₂ was used in producing a stable high-power discharge and preventing the deposition of brown polymer with lower wall temperature and discharge current.     

多普勒激光雷达中种子激光注入的一种鉴别方法

多普勒测风激光雷达以其高分辨率、高精度、大探测范围、能提供三维风场信息的能力,吸引了多国学者的关注,并投入了大量的人力、物力进行研究。所研究的多普勒测风激光雷达采用种子注入的方式获得单纵模、窄线宽、高功率的激光输出。激光器中心频率的缓慢漂移、环境噪音、激光棒温度变化或者振动干扰都有可能导致激光器种子光的注入不成功,出射激光光谱由注入成功时的单纵模输出变为多纵模输出。激光单纵模输出时线宽约为200 MHz,而多纵模时激光线宽很宽。而种子注入不成功时所出射的多纵模激光脉冲将导致瑞利后向散射谱变宽,会增加风速测量误差。该脉冲筛选电路在数据采集环节实现对多纵模激光脉冲的筛选,有效降低了风速测量误差,提高测风准确度。     

LD抽运Nd:YVO4/LBO腔内和频橙黄光连续激光器

报道了一种激光二极管抽运Nd:YVO4晶体、腔内Ⅰ类临界相位匹配LBO和频、连续波输出的全固态橙黄色激光器的设计和实验结果。橙黄色激光由Nd:YVO4晶体的1064nm和1342nm谱线腔内和频产生,输出波长为593.5nm。实验采用了双镜谐振腔结构,在1.6W的808nm注入抽运功率下,获得了最高功率为84mW连续波TEM00的橙黄色低噪声激光输出,光-光转换效率为5.3%,光束质量因子M21.2。实验和分析表明,采用激光二极管抽运Nd:YVO4晶体、LBOⅠ类临界相位匹配腔内和频是获得橙黄色激光的实用方法,并可以应用到Nd:YVO4晶体的其它谱线或具有多条谱线的其它激光增益介质,获得更多不同颜色的单谱线激光输出。