0Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti不锈钢表面TiN膜层制备

0Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti不锈钢基材表面多弧离子镀方法制备TiN硬质涂层.工件表面镀膜处理技术的关键是膜/基结合强度.分析预热温度和工作偏压对膜层的膜/基结合强度、膜层结构及表面硬度的影响,优化制备工艺,满足使用要求.结果显示预热温度和工作偏压对膜/基结合效果影响显著.镀膜处理后,工件表面硬度大于1200HV0.05,膜/基结合力最小临界载荷高于60N.     

镁合金微弧氧化-溶胶凝胶复合膜层的耐蚀性

用微弧氧化和溶胶凝胶法在AZ91D镁合金表面制备复合膜层,用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和电化学测试等分析手段表征其成分、相结构和截面形貌,研究了复合膜层的耐蚀性.结果表明,溶胶凝胶膜有效地封闭了镁合金表面微弧氧化膜的微孔,形成结合力好且较为致密的复合膜层.复合膜层的组成主要有MgO、M...     

15-5PH不锈钢基体上硬质膜层制备及性能研究

对比不同的表面处理工艺,选择多弧离子镀方法在15-5 PH不锈钢基材表面制备TiN硬质涂层.分析制备工艺对膜层的表面硬度、膜/基结合强度、膜层结构等基本物理性能的影响,进行工艺优化.结果显示在预热温度高于200℃后,TiN膜层结晶效果较好;负偏压达到600V后,膜／基间“伪扩散”层出现,膜／基结合性能明显提高;工作气压升高,膜层表面硬度、膜／基结合力和沉积速率先升高后下降,分别在4.0,3.0和2.5Pa达到峰值.最终获得的TiN硬质膜层表面硬度大于2000HV0.05,膜／基结合力最小临界载荷高于70N.镀膜处理后,工件的各种性能测试均能满足具体使用要求.     

柱弧离子镀制备Ti/TiN/Ti(N,C)/TiC黑色硬质膜

利用自制的柱弧离子镀膜机，在不同硬度基体上制备了Ti／TiN／Ti（N，C）／TiC多层复合膜。膜呈深黑色，反射率小于14％，亮度值L^＊小于43，沉积速率约为0．78μm/h，表面分布较多液滴缺陷。膜的力学性能测试受基体硬度和膜层厚度影响较大，基体越硬、膜层越厚，膜的硬度以及与基体的结合力测试结果越大。YW2硬质合金基体上制备0．82μm的黑色硬质膜显微硬度Hv（25g）=3229，结合力为26．70N。该设备和工艺已成功应用于工业生产。     

多弧离子镀TiN/TiCrN/CrN多元多层复合膜的制备及性能研究

采用XH-800多弧离子镀设备在硬质合金刀具表面制备TiN/TiCrN/CrN多元多层复合膜.利用XRD、SEM、显微硬度计、多功能材料表面性能测试仪等对其组织结构与性能进行了研究.结果表明:膜层表面均匀,未出现龟裂现象,色泽光亮度好;膜的相结构组成为TiN和Cr2N,随着Cr靶电流的增大,TiN的择优取向由(200)向(111)转变,膜层出现单质Cr;膜层厚度为5.02μm,具有明显多层特征;显微硬度2536 HV;结合力65 N.     

辉光弧光协同共放电方式制备TiN薄膜的研究

分别采用中频磁控溅射、电弧离子镀及辉光弧光协同共放电混合镀(APSCD)三种方式在碳钢基体上制备TiN薄膜,采用原子力学显微镜、显微硬度计、台阶膜厚仪、电化学技术对薄膜表面形貌、显微硬度、膜厚、耐腐蚀性进行测试.研究结果表明:多弧离子镀薄膜颗粒的平均粗糙度为7.066 nm,混合镀薄膜颗粒的平均粗糙度为4.687 nm,在相同时间条件下,磁控溅射薄膜厚度为658 nm,混合镀膜厚度为1345 nm,混合镀工艺具有降低多弧离子镀粗糙度又可以克服磁控溅射沉积速率慢的优点.经过混合镀TiN薄膜后,基体表面显微硬度从226HV提高到1238 HV,在天然海水中测得混合镀膜层腐蚀电位比基体提高104 mV.     

15-5PH不锈钢表面多弧离子镀高结合性能TiN膜层研究

多弧离子镀方法在15-5PH不锈钢材料表面制备结合力、硬度和致密性高的TiN涂层,提高材料表面硬度和抗高温氧化性能。分析结果显示过渡层成分、预热温度、工作气压及负偏压等主要参数对膜层性能影响明显。得到Ti为过渡层时,预热250℃,气压3.0Pa,600V偏压镀膜工艺参数最佳,制备的膜基结合力高于60N,表面硬度>1200HV0.05,膜层表面大液滴密度尺寸最低。膜层表面显微硬度、膜层沉积速率和膜基结合力随工作气压升高不同程度地先升高后降低。     

AZ91D镁合金阳极氧化与热扩散渗铝复合膜层的研究

将阳极氧化与热扩散相结合对AZ91D镁合金表面进行低温渗铝处理,利用扫描电镜、光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪对所得膜层的形貌、相结构及耐腐蚀性能进行了研究,并对复合膜层改善镁合金基体耐腐蚀性能的过程进行了分析.研究表明,该复合膜层是由MgO和金属间化合物Mg17Al12以及被γ相(Mg17Al12)包裹住的α-Mg晶粒共同组成;AZ91D镁合金表面的阳极氧化和热扩散渗铝复合膜层能显著提高镁合金基体材料的耐腐蚀性能.     

预镀Ti膜对AZ31镁合金表面多弧离子镀TiN膜耐磨、耐蚀性的影响

为了提高软基体镁合金表面Ti N膜的性能,对AZ31镁合金多弧离子预镀Ti后再镀Ti N,并与直接镀Ti N的膜层进行对比,研究了预镀Ti膜对Ti N膜层结合力、耐磨、耐蚀等性能的影响。结果表明:预镀Ti膜使得镀Ti N后膜层更致密,膜基结合力、耐磨性、耐蚀性都获得很大提高。     

AZ91D镁合金表面熔盐置换扩散涂层组织及耐腐蚀性能研究

采用AlCl3-NaCl熔盐自发置换扩散工艺在AZ91D镁合金表面制备镁铝金属间化合物涂层,并利用开路电位、电化学阻抗方法对镁合金及熔盐置换扩散改性处理试样在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为进行比较研究。结果表明:熔盐自发置换扩散铝涂层在温度为400℃,保温8h的工艺条件下呈现出了明显的分层结构特征。根据组织结构不同,可将其分为:颗粒状形貌的外层和具有网状结构的内层;经表面熔盐自发置换扩散处理后的镁合金试样,腐蚀电位比未改性的AZ91D镁合金大幅提高,膜层阻抗约为未改性的AZ91D镁合金的10倍。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.