基于压电材料的主动吸声研究

压电材料具有良好的力电耦合性能，被广泛用于诸如传感器，换能器，制动器等的主体材料，可以应用于振动与噪声的控制。基于此，用一片压电材料作为主动吸声系统中的吸声材料，通过等间距布置于压电材料正前方的两个PVDF（Poly Vinylidene Fluoride）传感器检测出平面入射声波声压，利用压电材料的压电性能，在压电材料上加电压，使得反射声波为零，从而达到主动吸声的目的。最后对不同频率入射的平面声波进行了实验，取得了较好的吸声效果。     

基于压电智能材料的自适应吸声实验研究

提出了用压电材料进行水下主动宽带低频吸声的方法,用PVDF复合智能材料作为主动吸声系统中的吸声材料,在滤波-X LMS算法基础上,研究了一种在工程中实现简便的次级通道建模方法——通道时延估计法。构建了数字时延控制系统,直接从实际声场中分离入射声波与反射声波作为控制系统的参考信号和误差信号,在脉冲声管中进行了管道声有源吸声控制实验。实验结果表明,在施加控制的情况下PVDF压电智能材料能有效地对低频入射声进行吸收。     

外电路对压电多层消声材料声特性的影响

1引言 消声材料由于其在实际中的广泛应用,是一个一直被关注的课题.人们希望找到一种薄层材料,在低频段对入射声波的反射较小,即回声消减较大,能达到消声的目的.压电材料由于能将机械能和电能做相互转换,在振动控制、消声等领域被广泛的研究和采用.J M Zhang[1]等人曾对改变外电路使单层压电消声材料的声特性随之改变的问题进行研究.本文试图通过研究一种以压电材料为基础的多层消声材料的声特性,为找到在低频段有良好消声特性的薄层材料奠定基础.     

基于压电材料的主动吸声降噪方法研究

提出了用压电材料进行主动吸声的方法。用压电材料作为主动吸声系统中的吸声材料,通过等间距布置于压电材料正前方的两个麦克风传感器,检测出平面入射声波与反射声波,利用压电材料的压电性能,在压电材料上加电压使得反射声波为零,从而达到主动吸声的目的。最后对不同频率入射的声波用matlab语言进行了仿真,仿真结果表明文中所提方法的可行性。     

基于压电材料的主动吸声降噪方法研究

提出了用压电材料进行主动吸声的方法.用压电陶瓷作为主动吸声系统中的吸声材料,通过等间距布置于压电陶瓷正前方的两个麦克风传感器,检测出平面入射声波与反射声波,利用压电陶瓷的压电性能,在压电陶瓷上加电压使得反射声波为零,从而达到主动吸声的目的.最后对不同频率入射的声波用matlab语言进行了仿真,仿真结果表明文中所提方法的可行性.     

穿孔管与超材料薄膜耦合的消声结构的设计及性能研究

用于消减宽频带低频噪声的消声器的结构尺寸较大,且消声性能较差.因此,利用穿孔管的宽带消声特性和膜结构对低频噪声良好的消声性能,设计了穿孔管与超材料薄膜耦合的消声结构.分析了消声结构的消声机理,仿真分析了消声结构参数对消声性能的影响.结果表明:主管道内声波与消声结构谐振系统的耦合强度越大,薄膜的振动越剧烈,反射回上游管道...     

封装材料对PVDF薄膜传感器激波响应的影响

PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)及其共聚物压电薄膜具有响应快、灵敏度高、测压范围宽等特点,为冲击波压力测试传感器提供了新的敏感材料.本文详细的介绍了PVDF薄膜传感器的制作过程,并对封装用的粘结剂以及外保护层进行了激波管的对比试验,考察封装材料对PVDF薄膜传感器动态性能的影响.通过对试验数据的判读,确定了较为合适的封装粘结剂及保护层材料.     

薄膜型声学超材料的管道消声特性研究

针对管道低频流噪声难于有效控制的弊端,设计了一种薄膜型声学超材料及其性能测试装置,根据声波传递理论计算了管道内薄膜在声压作用下的振动特性。利用COMSOL软件的声固耦合模块研究了薄膜的消声特性,并进行了对比试验。结果表明:薄膜在低频范围内有较好的消声性能,薄膜的共振频率即为其消声工作频率;薄膜的振幅越大,传递损失值越高,最高达54 dB;薄膜参数的变化对超材料的消声性能有调节作用,通过改变施加在薄膜上的预应力和薄膜厚度,分别实现了传递损失峰值频率偏移120 Hz与110 Hz;通过改变附着质量块大小,实现了100 Hz及以下超低频消声。相关研究为主动声学超材料以及紧凑型管道消声器的设计提供了依据。     

PVDF压电薄膜测量脉动压力可行性研究

PVDF压电薄膜是一种新型的高分子聚合物型传感器材料,具有高的压电常数,质量轻、柔性好、加工性能好、频率响应宽、对高频激励实用性强等优点,该文利用PVDF薄膜的压电特性设计了一种传感器,通过对传感器测试发现,在测量压力范围内,PVDF压电薄膜传感器具有良好的线性度、较高的灵敏度、较宽的频域响应、较低的迟滞性误差和重复性误差,并且温度对传感器的灵敏度影响较大,实际测试时需考虑温度的影响,激励测试表明PVDF压电薄膜传感器满足测量脉动压力的需求。     

双自由度共振消声器及其控制研究EI北大核心CSCD

提出一种具有可调双消声波峰的压电式消声器,可依据降噪要求来调节电压和穿孔率大小,实现两个低频段的声波吸收可调谐。运用Comsol声固耦合模块计算消声结构参数对频移特性影响的规律:穿孔率减小,双消声峰向低频偏移,第二消声峰的幅值和频率范围明显减小,反共振点位置不变;膜厚增加,第一阶消声峰值基本不变,第二阶消声峰值向低频偏移。分析了不同加载电压下的压电薄膜位移变化情况,搭建实验平台测试不同电压条件下结构的传输特性,基于逆压电效应的压电薄膜可以有效地抑制或增强膜的振动响应,改变反共振点位置,电压由0增加到300 V,第一消声峰值频率向高频偏移85 Hz,第二消声峰向高频域移动了125 Hz。     

基于管内平面波分解的热声谐振管声功测量方法

提出了通过平面声波分解测量热声谐振管中单频压力波声功的方法.在该方法中,只要测量沿程两点的声压,便可将管内平面驻波声场分解为入射波和反射波两种分量.由这种分解可以求出入射波的声功和反射波的声功,二者之和决定了总声功.该方法考虑了粘性耗散和热传导带来的损失,即使在高频、高驻波比情况下也能得到准确的测量结果.由于这种平面波分解的方式可以对整个谐振管内的声场参数进行重构,与以往的双传感器声功测量方法相比,显著优点是不仅能够获得两个压力测点中点的声功,还能得到整个谐振管上沿程各点的声功,这对于分析热声系统各部分的声功耗散是非常有用的,这种方法在原理上也更易于理解.     

声波由粘弹性介质向流体介质入射情况下的声反射分析

在研究含腔体的结构的声学特性时,会遇到声波从粘弹性介质向流体介质入射的情况。主要研究了声波从粘弹性介质向流体介质斜入射情况下的声反射特性,分析表明：反射声波中有横波和纵波同时存在,纵波声压反射系数随入射角度的增大逐渐增大,横波的声压反射系数随入射角度的增加先增大后减小,在垂直入射时只有纵波,而没有横波存在。这些结论为进一步研究带空腔结构的声学特性打下了基础。     

Interaction of harmonic plane waves with a mobile elastic phase boundary in anti-plane shear

This paper is concerned with the effect of sustained infinitesimal harmonic plane wave excitation of a phase boundary in a non-linearly elastic material that is subject to anti-plane shear deformation. The phase boundary is capable of motion that is here described by a harmonic travelling waveform. The reflected wave is also a harmonic plane wave, however the transmitted wave may be either in the form of a harmonic plane wave or a harmonic surface wave. The phase boundary motion is determined on the basis of a standard kinetic relation that involves a single mobility parameter. This gives phase boundary motion that is synchronized with the incident wave for the case of a transmitted plane wave, but is not synchronized with the incident plane wave for the case of a transmitted surface wave. A certain fraction of the energy provided by the incident wave is dissipated by phase boundary motion in a fashion that can be explicitly quantified. Special incident angles can suppress the reflected wave, suppress the transmitted wave or cause the dissipation to vanish.     

Wave propagation in a restricted class of orthotropic inhomogeneous half-planes

This work presents closed-form solutions for free-field motions in a certain type of orthotropic, continuously inhomogeneous half-planes that include both incident and reflected waves from the traction-free horizontal surface. A state of plane strain holds and both pressure and vertically polarized shear waves are considered. The methodology is restricted to media with orthotropic material characteristics that vary quadratically with respect to the depth coordinate. The method of solution is a hybrid approach based on the plane wave decomposition technique, augmented by appropriate functional transformation relations for the displacement vector. The existence of a unique analytical solution as superposition of incident P- or SV-waves and the corresponding reflected P- and SV-waves is proved under certain restrictions on the incident wave direction. Finally, a numerical study reveals the influence of material inhomogeneity and orthotropy on the displacement free-field motion.     

流场中填充吸声材料夹层板结构的声振耦合特性

采用等效流体模拟吸声材料,建立了外部流场作用下填充吸声材料夹层板结构的声振耦合模型,应用波动分析方法研究结构中声的透射特性,分析了入射声波入射角和方位角、流场流速和流向、夹层结构几何尺寸等参数对填充吸声材料夹层板结构声振耦合特性的影响。仿真计算表明吸声材料提高了双层板结构的隔声性能;隔声性能随着面板厚度和夹层厚度的增加而提高,随着入射角和方位角的增大而减小;在计算频段内(0~5000Hz),逆流入射时传声损失随着马赫数的增大而减小,顺流入射时却随着马赫数的增大而增大。     

采用特性阻抗匹配的半主动组合吸声材料与结构

由于主动吸声在低频声波入射时方有吸声效果,而在中高频声波入射时,吸声效果不明显。鉴此,采用一种新的半主动吸声方法;即由一层吸声材料和可移动的刚性壁组合结构,改变刚性壁移动的速度,使吸声材料的表面声阻抗与空气的阻抗相匹配,从而使吸声材料的吸声系数达到最大。最后,对平面入射声波进行了数值计算与实验,结果表明：在100～2 000 Hz时,吸声系数能达到0.8～1.0,而对于更高频率的入射声波,用此方法进行纯主动吸声的效果改善不明显。     

Interaction of hydro-elastic waves with a vertical wall

The linear two-dimensional problem of hydroelastic waves reflected by a vertical wall is analysed. The fluid is of finite depth and is covered by an ice sheet. The fluid is assumed incompressible and inviscid. The ice sheet is assumed thin compared with both the water depth and wavelength of the incident wave. The deflection of the ice sheet is described by linear elastic plate theory, and the fluid flow by using the potential-flow model. The ice sheet extends infinitely and is clamped to the vertical-walled structure. The incident hydroelastic wave is regular. An analytic solution is found by integral-transform methods. The ice deflection, the vertical and horizontal forces acting on the wall and the bending stresses in the ice caused by the incident wave are determined. The forces on the wall are analysed in detail, and relevant physical parameters are varied for comparison. The phase shift between the incident and reflected wave amplitudes is found as part of the complete solution. It is shown that the ice clamping condition leads to a specific effect on the ice deflection.     

低频声有源吸收理论研究

为了吸收低频入射声 ,作者提出了一种有源吸声结构 ,本文从理论上研究了该结构的吸声性能。文章首先建立理论模型 ,然后通过近场方法和求解弹性板 -声腔耦合系统结构响应推导了有源控制前后反射声功率的计算公式 ,然后按声反射功率最小化准则求得最佳有源吸声效果。最后通过一系列算例证明了该吸声结构吸收低频声波的有效性 ,并研究了吸声效果与次级力源位置的关系     

Reflection of plane waves at the boundary of a pre-stressed elastic half-space subject to biaxial stretch and simple shear

This paper is concerned with the effect of finite pure homogeneous biaxial stretch together with simple shear deformation on the reflection from a plane boundary of elastic waves propagating in a half-space of incompressible isotropic elastic material. This generalizes the previous work in which, separately, pure homogeneous strain and simple shear were considered. For a special class of constitutive law, it is shown that an incident plane harmonic wave propagating in the considered plane gives rise to a surface wave in addition to a reflected wave for every angle of incidence. The amplitude of the surface wave may vanish at certain discrete angles depending on the state of stress, biaxial stretch and simple shear deformation and then specialized to recover results obtained previously. The amplitude of the reflected wave is independent of the pre-stress but does depend upon the magnitude of deformation under consideration. The dependence of the reflected and surface wave behavior on the angle of incidence, amount of shear strain, biaxial stretch and the state of stress is illustrated graphically.