敷设声学覆盖层的板架结构抗冲击性能数值计算研究

为提高潜艇的隐身性能,通常在潜艇非耐压壳板外表面敷设消声瓦,在耐压壳体的外表面敷设隔声去耦瓦,在耐压壳体内表面敷设"阻尼层"(以上三种结构统称为多种声学覆盖层);由于声学覆盖层含有空腔的特殊结构形式,该空腔结构形式在受到爆炸冲击波时,腔体将产生变形并吸收能量,这将严重影响潜艇的抗冲击性能。因此,针对敷设声学覆盖层的板架结构的吸能性能进行研究,找出了覆盖层空腔结构变形、速度及加速度与冲击波能量吸收之间的关系,得到敷设声学覆盖层板架结构的抗冲性能;并对声学覆盖层结构进行优化,在此基础上,给出兼具抗冲和隔振功能的声学覆盖层结构设计及性能参数的优化建议。     

潜艇艇体结构在水下爆炸冲击载荷作用下损伤研究

采用数值计算和试验手段相结合的方法,对潜艇艇体结构在水下爆炸载荷作用下的损伤进行了研究。利用试验手段确定了潜艇艇体用钢的材料动态性能参数和潜艇典型单元结构在爆炸冲击载荷作用下的开裂判据。采用双层壳体建模方案对潜艇结构进行整艇有限元建模,运用MSC.DYTRAN程序对整艇结构进行水下抗爆仿真。分析了三种不同工况下潜艇艇体结构的损伤形式。本文计算方法和仿真结果可供潜艇水下抗爆设计和潜艇结构生命力评估参考。     

声学覆盖层对潜艇抗水下爆炸能力的影响研究

为提高潜艇的隐身性能,潜艇壳体表面常敷设声学覆盖层结构.声学覆盖层常设有各类空腔等特殊结构形式,在受到水下爆炸冲击波时,空腔很容易产生变形并吸收能量,对潜艇的抗冲击性能产生影响.采用复合板单元的等效方法,针对敷设声学覆盖层的潜艇的抗冲击性能进行研究,得到了声学覆盖层对潜艇破坏环境、冲击环境的影响规律.研究表明,声学覆盖层将增加艇体结构对冲击波能量的吸收,使潜艇的破坏环境变坏,并使潜艇典型部位的设计冲击谱增大,但随着声学覆盖层的敷设方式不同,典型部位的设计冲击谱变化也各不相同.     

潜艇湿表面抗冲覆盖层压缩特性及抗冲击性能研究

针对在艇体湿表面敷设橡胶材料防护覆盖层能有效提高水下非接触性爆炸抗冲击性能,以潜艇水下爆炸抗冲击防护为背景,为解决潜艇湿表面覆盖层承压与抗冲间之矛盾,对六边形蜂窝抗冲覆盖层进行改进,开展潜艇湿表面抗冲覆盖层压缩特性及抗冲击性能研究。讨论钢片厚度及偏距对承压特性与抗冲击性能影响。分析结果可对潜艇湿表面抗冲覆盖层设计与研究提供参考。     

气垫隔声结构水中隔声性能分析

提出气垫隔声结构形式,与以橡胶阻尼材料为基体的隔声去耦瓦相比,气垫隔声结构具有孔隙率大的特点,能更好的隔声去耦。用解析方法分析无限、有限气垫隔声结构在水中的隔声性能,研究板厚与中间层特性声阻抗对隔声量的影响并分析无限结构与有限结构的差别。结果表明：在水中的隔声曲线中没有在空气中因“质量―弹簧―质量”共振造成的隔声低谷现象,且在低频时有限结构的隔声性能较好。行波管声学试验测试了气垫双层板结构的低频隔声性能,证实气垫隔声结构在水中的隔声效果和其在水中声学性能的正确性。     

水下结构去耦覆盖层的动力吸振器效应研究

去耦覆盖层的低频减振降噪是水下结构声辐射的一个难点问题。采用模态分解法和粘弹性阻尼流体传递矩阵模型,建立了敷设去耦覆盖层的四端简支撑矩形板水下振动和声辐射模型。分析了去耦覆盖层的减振降噪特性,研究了去耦覆盖层的物理参数(如杨氏模量、损耗因子、密度等)对板的均方振速和辐射声功率的影响规律。研究结果表明:对于板的单个振动模态,板-去耦覆盖层-流体系统可看作是一个两自由度系统,它具有两个共振频率和一个反共振频率,去耦覆盖层会引入类似动力吸振器的效应;针对具体结构,通过合理调整去耦覆盖层的参数,能够充分利用动力吸振器效应,有效降低水下结构低频振动与声辐射。     

基于统计能量法的隔声瓦减振性能仿真研究

在水下结构表面敷设隔声去耦材料是应用最广泛也是非常有效的一种提高舰船隐身性能的方法。基于统计能量法开展了隔声瓦对复杂锥柱结构水下振动的影响研究,讨论了隔声瓦敷设方式对复杂锥柱结构水下振动的影响,分析了阻尼损失系数对隔声瓦减振效果的影响。研究表明,隔声瓦敷设方式、阻尼损失系数对隔声瓦减振效果有较大影响:当隔声瓦敷设在结构振动主导传递途径上时,其对传递途径下游结构的振动抑制效果较为明显,而对于振源及传递途径上游结构振动的影响较小;隔声瓦减振效果随敷设密度的增大而增加,随阻尼损失系数的增大而有所降低。     

螺旋桨轴向激励潜艇的轴、艇耦合特性与机理

潜艇轴系向艇体传递激振力的过程是轴、艇耦合作用过程,为解决工程中需采用简化等效轴-艇模型进行轴、艇激振力传递分析的问题,针对潜艇模型进行了螺旋桨轴向激振力工况下的轴、艇耦合特性与机理研究:在不改变耦合状态的情况下,采取子系统分析方法,将轴-艇耦合系统分解为轴系子系统和艇体子系统,利用力模式分解技术研究了轴系向艇体传递激振力的模式,研究了轴、艇耦合状态,采取子模态分析技术分析了艇体自由模态与轴系的耦合关系。数值研究结果表明:轴系对激振力的传递具有多模式特征,各轴承对激振力传递的贡献程度由激振频段决定,不同激振频段的轴、艇耦合强度不同,参与轴、艇强耦合的艇体模态数量和类型也不同。相关定量结果可为工程中轴-艇模型化分析提供技术支撑。     

局域共振型空腔覆盖层的低频吸声机理及调控规律研究

声学覆盖层的低频吸声特性对潜艇声隐身性能具有重要影响.综合考虑空腔型覆盖层结构和局域共振型薄膜材料的低频吸声性能,建立局域共振型空腔覆盖层的有限元模型,研究复合结构在10 Hz～2000 Hz频段内的吸声特性,并采用局域共振理论和模态分析揭示复合结构的吸声机理,进一步得到复合结构低频吸声性能的调控规律.研究结果表明:(...     

双层圆柱壳振动传递及近场声辐射特性研究

水下加筋圆柱壳体振动和声辐射是近年来研究的一个热点问题。文章从实验和数值计算两个方面,对水下加筋双层圆柱壳的振动传递及声辐射进行了研究。实验模型表面敷设了隔声去耦材料,分为四种工况:双壳全敷设、内全敷设、外全敷设、外部分敷设,对单频激振时内外壳体间的振动传递以及各工况下的近场声压进行了分析。结果表明,托板在内外壳的振动传递中起着较大的作用,内外壳全部敷设隔声去耦材料对抑制振动和声辐射最有效。为了减小托板对振动及声辐射的影响,提出了复合托板结构,即在托板上添加方钢结构,并对含复合托板的圆柱壳声学特性进行了数值研究,表明方钢在中高频段能有效降低壳体的振动及声辐射。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from