直流磁场对Mg-Y-Cu-Zr合金结晶取向和性能的影响

研究了0~1.4T的直流磁场对陶瓷型铸造Mg-Y-Cu-Zr合金结晶取向和力学性能的影响。结果表明直流磁场对合金的初生相没有明显影响,但磁场强度大于1.12T时,合金第二相的分布变得不连续。当磁场强度小于0.84T时,α-Mg在(002)面的衍射峰逐渐增强,但变化不明显;当磁场强度大于0.84T时,α-Mg基体在(002)、(101)面的衍射峰强度明显减弱,而在(100)晶面衍射峰强度有所增强。磁场处理后,合金的综合力学性能得到了改善;当磁场强度为1.4T时,其抗拉强度和伸长率最高,分别为237 MPa和8.5%,较无磁场处理时分别提高了38.6%和33.4%。     

环境温度对Fe-14Mn-0.22C合金阻尼性能的影响

为了了解Fe-Mn基阻尼合金的高温阻尼性能,用真空感应电炉的方法制备了Fe-14.04Mn-0.22C合金.用倒扭摆内耗仪测试了环境温度在23～400℃变化时合金阻尼性能的变化规律,并用热机械分析仪和光学显微镜分析了合金的组织结构及其相变特点.研究结果表明,在常温条件下合金的阻尼性能随扭转应变的增加而呈线性方式增加,扭转应变在1×10-4时,对数衰减率达0.1,且没有出现峰值;随着环境温度的变化,对数衰减曲线与应变的线性关系没有发生改变,但是曲线发生了整体的上下平移;当环境温度低于200℃时,合金的阻尼性能随温度的升高而增加,但当温度达到或超过200℃后,合金的阻尼性能迅速下降,其原因在于合金发生了奥氏体转变(As为270℃),马氏体的百分含量降低,阻尼源减少.     

磁场作用下铝合金凝固过程的电阻变化

为了确定磁场对铝合金凝固过程的影响,利用双电桥测试了Al-21%Cu、Al-22Si合金分别在无磁场、直流磁场和交流磁场作用下从液态到固态的电阻变化.分析了Al-Cu合金与Al-Si合金电阻-温度曲线的差别,研究了磁场对合金凝固过程中液、固相线温度及微观结构的影响.结果表明,Al-21%Cu合金的电阻-温度曲线呈单调下降趋势,且有两个明显的转折点,而Al-22%Si合金的电阻-温度曲线不再是单调下降,两个转折点也很不明显,在直流磁场作用下,Al-21%Cu、Al-22%Si合金的液相线、固相线温度均有所降低,在交流磁场作用下,两种铝合金的液、固相线温度均有所升高.在Al-Si合金凝固过程中施加外磁场时,抑制了初生β-Si的生成.     

热处理工艺及环境温度对Fe-5Al合金阻尼性能的影响

要研制了FE-5AL高阻尼合金,并在倒扭摆仪上检测了合金的阻尼性能。数据显示,随热处理温度的升高,阻尼性能逐渐升高,并在900℃下达到峰值。在900℃下,不同保温时间处理的结果还表明,在0．5H左右,合金的阻尼性能最好,对数衰减率超过90×10-3。当环境温度从50℃上升到500℃时,阻尼性能可以保持80％。     

Mn含量对Fe-Mn合金微观组织和阻尼性能的影响

通过真空感应电炉熔炼Fe-Mn合金、运用葛氏倒扭摆测量阻尼性能,结合SEM和TEM照片研究了Mn含量对Fe-Mn合金微观组织阻尼性能的影响。结果显示,随着Mn含量的增加,Fe-Mn合金的阻尼性能先增加后减小,在Mn含量为16.5%时取得峰值。原因在于,当Mn含量<16.5%时,随着Mn含量增加,合金中扩展位错数量增加,同时α′马氏体数量减少直至消失,扩展位错的移动性能增加,合金的阻尼性能增加;当Mn含量>16.5%以后,合金中的扩展位错数量减少,合金的阻尼性能降低。     

低成本富镧贮氢合金的相结构及其电化学性能

采用感应熔炼法制备低成本富镧贮氢合金MLNi4.0-xCo0.4Mn0.3Al0.3Cux.通过X射线衍射（XRD）、交流阻抗和恒电流充放电法等手段对合金性能进行表征。结果表明：Cu部分取代Ni后，合金仍保持单相CaCu5结构，随着X的增加，合金晶格参数a值和晶胞体积减小，c值和c／a值增大：当x=0．2时，合金电极最高放电容量为327．1mAh/g铜的添加能降低舍金的显微组织硬度，提高合金电极的循环稳定性，经200次循环后的电极容量保持率（C200／Cmax）均在83％以上（X=0．2）；高倍率放电性能（HRD）有所下降，但x=0．4时，HRD300仍达到89．6％。     

全保偏光纤直流磁场传感系统

采用保偏光纤耦合器和偏振器搭建了马赫-曾德尔型光纤干涉仪。在传感臂中接入铽镝铁材料被覆保偏光纤结构的光纤磁传感探头,在参考臂中接入保偏光纤PZT相位调制器进行工作点控制,得到了全保偏结构的光纤直流磁传感系统。该系统抑制了偏振诱导的信号衰落,实现了稳定的直流磁场信号检测。实验得到了系统对0.75mT~60mT的外加直流磁场响应特性,结果表明,该直流磁场传感系统的线性度达到了0.997,最小可检测的直流磁场达到3.4×10-6T。     

运用位错运动理论分析Fe-Mn合金的减振机理

针对Fe-Mn阻尼合金减振机理不很明了的问题，运用Shockley不全位错运动理论，分析了4种阻尼源界面（ε／ε界面、ε中的层错界面、γ中的层错界面、体界面）如何运动进而产生高阻尼。实验结果表明：Fe-Mn合金阻尼性能随应变振幅的变化关系符合Shockley不全位错的脱钉理论模型，并且当合金的杂质含量偏高时，杂质原子作为弱钉扎点会阻碍Shockley不全位错的运动，造成合金阻尼性能下降。     

Fe-Cr-Mo、Cu-Zn-Al、Fe-Mn合金减振性能的研究

针对目前不同阻尼合金之间可比性差的问题,采用同种测试方法研究了Fe-Cr-Mo、Cu-Zn-Al和Fe-Mn三种阻尼合金的阻尼性能和力学性能,有利于针对实际应用条件选取合适的合金。利用倒扭摆测试合金阻尼性能,万能实验机测试力学性能。结果表明:同18-8不锈钢相比,三种合金都具有显著的高阻尼性能;Fe-Cr-Mo合金的阻尼性能随着应变振幅增加而迅速增加,在1×10-4～2×10-4范围内出现峰值,随后又逐渐下降;Cu-Zn-Al合金的阻尼性能随着应变振幅的增加而增加,在2×10-4左右出现平台;Fe-Mn合金的阻尼性能随应变振幅的增加呈现线性增加趋势。Fe-Mn合金的综合力学性能最好,Fe-Cr-Mo合金次之,Cu-Zn-Al合金最低。     

磁场凝固法制备过共晶MnBi/Bi磁性功能复合材料

Bi-Mn过共晶合金分别从3个不同状态凝固．合金中MnBi析出相均在磁场作用下以晶体的C轴平行磁场取向。形成规则排列组织，并且所得材料的剩磁都具有明显的各向异性。合金从低于355℃的固液两相区凝固时，铁磁性MnBi析出相在1．0T磁场中迅速形成均布的织构组织，并能在无磁场条件下保持稳定，材料无需热处理就有很好的剩磁性能。因此，磁场凝固技术能够高效率地、直接制备出性能优良的MnBi／Bi磁性功能复合材料。     

电磁场对A1-18%Si过共晶合金初晶Si相形貌的影响

研究了交流电场、直流磁场和二者复合产生的电磁振荡对A1-18%(质量分数)Si过共晶初晶Si相形貌的影响。结果表明:交流电场、直流磁场和电磁振荡都使合金初晶Si相的大小经历了一次细化过程,交流电场使Si原子有序偏聚团的尺寸和数目发生改变,增大形核率,细化初晶Si相;直流磁场通过电磁制动效应抑制了初晶Si相的形核与长大;电磁振荡细化作用是通过减弱合金的成分过冷和温度梯度从而增大过冷度实现的。三者相比,在电磁振荡的作用下初晶Si相更为细小。     

螺旋磁场对Sn-Sb合金成分偏析的影响

为了深入研究螺旋磁场解决重力偏析的效果及作用机理,本文选用低熔点Sn-Sb合金,分析不同励磁电流下螺旋磁场对铸锭宏观成分偏析的影响,并与常规条件下及相同工艺参数旋转磁场条件下的凝固组织进行比较.结果表明,螺旋磁场的电磁力分布特点有利于在铸锭内部形成更大区域的均匀搅拌,相比于旋转磁场可以更好地改善铸锭成分的宏观偏析;随着励磁电流的增大,两种磁场改善偏析、细化凝固组织的效果更好;当螺旋磁场励磁电流为100 A时,基本消除铸锭上、下部位由于重力作用导致的成分偏差,β相(SnSb)变得细小且均匀分布在基体内.在金属熔体凝固的过程中施加螺旋磁场可消除重力偏析,效果优于旋转磁场.     

Microstructure and properties of A357 aluminium alloy treated by pulsed magnetic field

This study examined the effects of a pulsed magnetic field (PMF) on the solidified microstructure and properties of A357 aluminium alloy. Results showed that the solidified microstructure of the alloy treated by a PMF was refined. The treated alloy in the T6 state had superior mechanical properties, with the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation increasing by 48?MPa (18.5%), 46?MPa (16.4%) and 4.8% (142%), respectively, when compared with the untreated alloy. When testing at room temperature, with a strain amplitude of 1?×?10^?4 and at a frequency of 1?Hz, the damping capacity value was 14.2?×?10^?3 for the alloy subjected to a PMF treatment, which increased by nearly 170% when compared with the untreated alloy.     

On the possible use of a commercial Penning gauge as a magnetic field sensor

Penning sensors were originally conceived to extend the measurement range of cold-cathode gauges in the direction of low pressures by introducing an additional constant magnetic field. This paper examines the possibility of using a commercially available sensor to measure magnetic field by keeping pressure constant. For the preliminary tests reported, a commercial Penning gauge was exposed to magnetic fields in the range of a few tens of mT to 1.1 T. Three different regimes were identified. In the first, up to 150 mT, the measured current increases linearly with the applied magnetic field. Following a very irregular transition region of the order of 50 mT, for fields between 200 mT and 1.1 T, the measured current decays relatively smoothly. The results suggest that the principle may be applicable for the measurement of steady-state fields in harsh environments, with high temperature and neutron fluence.     

退火工艺对铁基非晶薄带磁感应效应的影响

研究了频率、磁场强度以及退火工艺对Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9非晶薄带磁感应效应变化幅度的影响.研究结果表明:磁感应效应变化幅度随着磁场强度的增大而增大,随着频率的升高呈现先增大后减小的趋势;与淬火态非晶薄带相比,退火可以提高磁感应效应变化幅度,且经300℃×1h退火后的磁感应效应变化幅度最大.     

Optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on multi-mode fiber and core-offset structure

A magnetic field sensor based on a magnetic fluid (MF)-coated intermodal interferometer is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It is fabricated by a core-offset structure between two segments of multi-mode fibres (MMF), a spherical structure is formed in the end of the second segment MMF. The core-offset section can be used to excite the core mode to the cladding, then the core and cladding modes will interference at the spherical structure due to the optical path difference caused by the refractive index difference. Two interference valleys of the interferometer integrated with MF under different magnetic field intensities have been experimentally analysed. The experimental results exhibit that the sensor possesses a magnetic field sensitivity of ?0.187 nm/mT by monitoring the wavelength shift at the magnetic field intensity from 0 to 20mT, and the optical power attenuation at specific wavelength with a magnetic field has a maximum sensitivity of 0.228 dB/mT.     

Effects of thermal martensite content and deformation on damping capacity of a Co–32 wt.% Ni alloy

The damping capacity of Co–32 wt.% Ni alloy was investigated as a function of the amount of thermal and strain-induced martensite under non-magnetic and 900 Oe magnetic fields, respectively. The damping capacity of the Co–32 wt.% Ni alloy containing martensite without magnetic field consists of the magneto-mechanical damping capacity of mainly α phase, damping capacities of α and phases without magneto-mechanical damping effect. Under a magnetic field of 900 Oe, the more the thermal martensite mass fraction the higher the damping capacity. However, the damping capacity of the deformed Co–32 wt.% Ni alloy with the strain-induced martensite decreases with increasing deformation degree despite the increase in total martensite fraction, because the lattice defects like dislocations introduced during deformation act as barriers to movement of damping sources such as magnetic domain walls, stacking faults boundaries in both α and phases, and α/ interfaces.     

Directional solidification of an Al–Pb alloy in a static magnetic field

A model was developed to describe the microstructure evolution in a hyper-monotectic alloy directionally solidified in a static magnetic field. Solidification experiments were carried out with Al–Pb alloys and the microstructure formation in the sample was calculated. The numerical results agree with the experimental ones well. They indicate that the magnetic field affects the microstructure formation mainly through the damping of the convections. It causes a more uniform distribution of the nucleation rate and the volume fraction of the minority phase droplets along the sample radial direction. It also causes a decrease in the maximum size of the minority phase droplets in front of the solidification interface. All these are favorable for the obtaining of a hyper-monotectic alloy with well dispersed microstructure.     

在脉冲电流或脉冲磁场作用下LY12合金的凝固组织

在LY12铝合金凝固过程中施加脉冲电流或脉冲磁场，研究脉冲电流或脉冲磁场对这种合金凝固组织的影响。结果表明，脉冲电流和脉冲磁场均可使晶粒明显细化，等轴化，在脉冲电磁艇下金属凝固组织的晶粒细化机制为：在脉冲电磁场的作用下剧烈的强迫对流促进晶粒从型壁上游离，大大增加金属熔体的形核率，导致晶粒细化；温度相对均匀使得游得的晶粒得以保存下来，抑制了晶粒在某个方向上的优先,从而抑制了树枝晶的形成。     

新型竖向电涡流-磁力混合阻尼装置试验研究

针对大跨轻质结构的减振需要,研制了一种新型竖向电涡流-磁力混合阻尼器样机.介绍混合阻尼器的减振原理及振动方程;接着介绍了3种不同的磁路设计和制作过程;随后对样机进行试验,测量其动力参数和减振性能.结果 表明:在铜板后方和底板上方安装磁铁均能改变阻尼器的附加刚度;特定磁路设计减少电涡流阻尼系数,增大等效磁力阻尼系数和负刚...