K掺杂立方相Ca2Si电子结构及光学性能的研究

基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论赝势平面波方法,采用广义梯度近似（GGA）对掺K的立方相Ca2Si的电子结构和光学性能,包括能带结构、态密度、介电函数、折射率、反射率、吸收系数、光电导率及能量损失函数进行理论计算,结果表明,掺K后立方相Ca2Si的能带向高能方向发生了偏移,形成直接带隙的P型半导体,禁带宽度为0.6230eV,光学带隙变宽,价带主要是Si的3p、Ca的4s、3d以及K的3p、4s态的贡献;静态介电函数ε1（0）=14.4;折射率n0=3.8;吸收系数最大峰值为3.47×105cm-1。通过掺杂调制材料电子结构和光电性能,为Ca2Si材料光电性能的开发与应用提供了理论依据。     

CrSi2能带结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论（DFT）赝势平面波方法，对CrSi2的能带结构、态密度和光学性质进行了理论计算，能带结构计算表明CrSi2属于一种间接带隙半导体，禁带宽度为0．353eV,其能态密度主要由Cr的3d层电子和Si的3p层电子的能态密度决定；计算了CrSi2的介电函数、反射率、折射率及吸收系数等。经比较，计算结果与已有的实验数据符合较好。     

第一性原理研究InP的能带结构与光学性能

采用基于局域密度近似的第一性原理方法计算了InP的能带结构和电子态密度,并对InP晶体的电荷分布进行了Mulliken布局分析.计算表明InP是直接带隙半导体材料,其价带主要由In的5s以及P的3s、3p态电子构成,导带主要由P的3p以及In的5s、5p态电子构成;P原子与In原子的电子重叠布局数达2.30,表明In-P键的共价性较强而离子性较弱.利用Kramers-Kronig色散关系对InP的介电函数、能量损失谱、折射率以及吸收系数等进行了计算,计算结果与实验值基本一致.此外,根据计算的能带结构与态密度分析了InP电子结构与光学性质的内在联系,解释了InP材料光学性能的微观机制.     

硅基外延Mn_4Si_7薄膜电子结构与光学性质研究

基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论赝势平面波方法,对外延关系Mn4Si7(001)//Si(001),取向关系Mn4Si7[001]//Si[001]的Mn4Si7平衡体系下的电子结构和光学性质进行了理论计算,计算结果表明:当Mn4Si7晶格常数选取为a=b=0.5431nm、c=1.747nm时,Mn4Si7为带隙宽度为0.834eV的直接带隙半导体。Mn4Si7费米面附近的价带主要由Mn的3d5态电子构成,导带主要由Mn的3d5态电子及Si的3p态电子构成。静态介电常数ε1(0)=14.48,折射率n0=3.8056。     

Ca2Si电子结构和光学性质的研究

采用第一性原理赝势平面波方法系统的计算了Ca2Si电子结构和光学性质，其中包括能带、态密度、介电函数、复折射率、吸收系数、光电导率和能量损失函数。计算结果显示Ca2Si是典型的半导体，正交相结构有一个直接的带隙，并且光学性质显示出各向异性。Ca2Si立方相的计算结果也显示是直接带隙半导体，并且有很高的振子强度。从能带和态密度的计算结果判断出它们的光学性质主要由Si的3p态电子向Ca的3d态的带间跃迁所决定。     

OsSi2电子结构及介电性能的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,研究了硅基异质外延的OsSi_2的电子结构和介电性能。结果表明,在1.010nm≤a≤1.030nm范围内,OsSi_2始终为间接带隙的能带结构,且带隙值随晶格常数a的增大而逐渐减小;当晶格常数a为1.020nm时,体系处于稳定平衡态,此时OsSi_2具有0.625eV的间接带隙能量值;OsSi_2的价带主要由Os的5d、5p和Si的3s、3p态电子构成,导带主要由Si的3s、3p和Os的5d、6s态电子构成;OsSi_2在外延稳定平衡态及其附近的介电函数实部和虚部变化趋近一致,与块体OsSi_2相比,OsSi_2在外延稳定平衡态下的介电函数曲线相对往低能区飘移,OsSi_2的介电峰减少且介电峰强度明显增强。     

γ-B28光学性质的第一性原理研究

利用基于密度泛函第一性原理的GGA方法,计算研究了硼的高压相γ-B28的能带结构、态密度、分态密度和光学性质.计算结果表明,γ-B28具有半导体能带结构的特征,其带隙达1.619eV,且整个带结构由杂化的硼2p态和2s态组成,且2p态占主导地位.γ-B28的静态介电常数为11.0733,静态的折射率为3.328,介电函数虚部的吸收边位于1.7eV左右,同时,在2.693eV和5.232eV处有2个明显的特征峰.γ-B28的反射系数在0～16eV范围内随着能量的升高而逐渐增大,但在19.4eV时反射系数急剧下降,而吸收系数的数量级达105cm-1,其电子能量损失谱(EELS)的共振峰在19.4eV处,与反射系数的陡降相对应.     

Ba_3Si_4的制备及电子结构的研究

采用磁控溅射法在Si(111)衬底上沉积了Ba单层膜,研究了退火温度对Ba-Si化合物生成的影响。X射线衍射表明,在真空中退火12h后出现了Ba3Si4(202)和Ba3Si4(221)衍射峰,表现出择优取向,700℃是理想的退火温度。采用第一性原理对Ba3Si4的能带结构和态密度进行了计算,结果表明它是一种金属,价带主要是由Si的3s、3p及Ba的5p、6s态电子构成,导带主要由Ba的5d及Si的3p态电子构成。     

Si掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的电子能带结构

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法对Si掺杂前、后锐钛矿相TiO2的电子能带结构、电子态密度以及吸收光谱进行计算。结果表明,Si掺杂导致锐钛矿相TiO2的禁带宽度略增大0.048 eV;掺杂前锐钛矿相TiO2的价带和导带主要由O的2p和Ti的3d轨道构成,Si掺杂后其价带和导带主要由Si的3p、Ti的4s和Ti的3d轨道构成;Si掺杂可导致锐钛矿相TiO2的吸收边蓝移。     

Ti3SnC2电子结构的第一性原理研究

采用密度泛函数理论框架下的第一性原理研究了Ti3SnC2的电子结构,利用GGA-PW91基组对Ti3SnC2晶体结构进行了优化,并计算了Ti3SnC2的能带结构、总态密度和各原子的分态密度.对能带和总态密度的计算结果表明,Ti3SnC2在费米能级处电子态密度较高,材料表现出较强的金属性,同时材料的导电性为各向异性.Ti3SnC2各原子的分态密度图的计算结果表明,其导电性主要由Ti2的3d电子决定,Ti1的3d态电子、Sn的5p态电子和C的2p态电子也有少量贡献.决定材料电学性质的主要是Ti的3d、Sn的5p和C的2p态电子的p-d电子轨道杂化,而p-d电子轨道杂化成键则使材料具有比较稳定的结构.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...