飞机RCS动态测量的关键技术分析

RCS动态测量是准确评估飞机雷达特性的重要手段,各国的军用飞机验证规范都提出了明确要求.文中根据实际工作经验,基于RCS动态测量原理,从测量系统、设备定标、航迹规划、飞行组织、数据处理、测量结果的不确定度分析等多个方面,详细分析了飞机RCS动态测量过程中的各项关键技术,以及对测量精度的影响,总结了RCS动态测量技术的发展趋势.文中对所列关键技术的解决,将有效提高飞机的RCS动态测量精度、数据分析与应用的可靠性.     

通用RCS测量雷达有源定标装置的设计与实现

为解决外场雷达散射截面(RCS)测量雷达无源定标对场地和气象条件较为苛刻的要求,设计了内置的通用RCS测量雷达有源校准装置。该装置能通过自动化的状态控制和参数测量,输出定标数据,实现对RCS测量雷达的系统定标。测试结果表明该装置能够以较高的精度实现系统的自校准,有效地提高外场RCS测量雷达校准过程的环境适应性。     

RCS测量雷达定标误差分析

RCS测量雷达在宽频带对目标进行RCS测量时,为了能得到准确目标的RCS值,必须对雷达系统进行标定。将气球悬挂标准金属球作为标准定标体,气球的RCS、定标球的加工误差对标定结果有较大影响。进行了误差分析,并提出改进措施,以提高RCS测量雷达系统的校准精度。     

太赫兹雷达RCS测量中的分时定标技术

太赫兹频段的目标散射特性测量技术是当前太赫兹雷达的重要研究方向,其中系统定标技术决定了雷达散射截面积(RCS)测量结果的准确性。使用基于微波倍频源的太赫兹宽带雷达目标散射特性测量系统,该系统由微波源经倍频后,中心频率达到440 GHz,带宽达25.6 GHz。利用光滑表面金属球为标准体,采用分时定标技术对太赫兹雷达系统进行定标,再对金属材质的战斗机模型和吉普车模型进行近场RCS测量实验,获得以上2种典型人造目标的近场RCS测量结果。测试结果与理论趋势符合良好,证明了太赫兹雷达系统RCS测量中分时定标技术的有效性。     

常见定标体的雷达截面计算与仿真

针对雷达截面(Radar Cross Section,RCS)测量技术中的常见定标体,分析了雷达散射截面计算理论,总结推导了几种雷达截面计算方法,获得了常用定标体的RCS精确解.计算结果与测量值相当吻合.运用Matlab编程语言绘制了其仿真结果图.通过比较得出一致性绕射理论在平板RCS测量计算中的合理性.给出了三面角对线极化入射波产生扭转极化和圆极化反射波的方法.计算了某型战斗机的RCS.     

太阳辐照度绝对辐射计的定标新方法

为了扩展动态测量范围,提高对较低的激光功率的测量不确定度,对太阳辐照度绝对辐射计的测量方法进行了研究与改进。首先,重复测量各个激光功率的响应度,分析由响应度引入的系统误差对测量不确定度的影响;其次,提出改进的测量方法,通过两次电定标实时修正光功率附近小功率区间的响应度;最后,使用新方法和传统方法测量各个功率的激光,比较测量不确定度。实验结果表明:根据宽功率区间获得的响应度的相对不确定度为2.7%,测量较低的激光功率时,不可忽略由响应度引入的误差。当激光功率低于20 mW时,改进方法的相对测量不确定度仍为0.1%,具有更好的稳定性,补偿了响应度误差。因此,电定标与光定标差距非常大,不具备可比性,需两者结合实现全动态范围定标;该方法可以扩展动态测量范围,对于定标太阳辐照度绝对辐射计具有重要意义。     

宽动态范围红外辐射测量系统快速定标算法

红外辐射测量系统的宽动态范围定标通常是在多个温度点下,设置多个积分时间并适当加入衰减片的方式实现的。其不仅效率低、耗时长、成本高且影响整个红外辐射测量系统实时性和机动性。对此,在考虑积分时间的定标模型基础上,提出宽动态范围快速定标方法。只需调节一次积分时间和一次温度即得到宽动态范围任意积分时间的定标方程。利用400 mm红外辐射测量系统对快速定标方法的定标精度、测量精度进行验证。实验结果表明:快速定标方法与直接定标结果之间最大误差为2.75%,该方法外场测量时最大辐射测量误差为11.69%,相比传统辐射测量最大误差不超过1.52%。说明快速定标方法能有效地保证系统辐射定标精度,提高辐射测量系统的定标效率,缩短定标时间,实现对系统宽动态范围任意积分时间的定标。整个辐射测量过程实时性好,操作简单、易实现且可靠性高,适应针对外场条件下红外辐射特性测量系统的要求,外场测量结果也说明快速定标可以直接应用于靶场目标的红外辐射测量任务中。     

外场RCS目标特性测量标校误差分析及改进

在外场雷达目标RCS测量过程中,通常采用测量已知反射截面积的标准体(如标校球)作为标校基准,从而对雷达系统进行标校。标校球的标校精度对于雷达测量目标RCS值的准确性,有着十分重要的影响。文中在介绍外场RCS测量雷达采用的标校球定标方法的基础上,详细分析了标校过程中的几种主要误差来源及其影响,并有针对性的提出了提高标校精度的方法,有效提高外场RCS测量雷达标校精度。     

FY-2D红外探测器窗区通道非线性特性及其定标订正方案

利用实验室定标与基于高光谱探测器IASI的交叉匹配样本,分析了FY-2D红外探测器在窗区通道的非线性特征,结果显示,VISSR在信号两端都存在非线性特征,但对低信号端的影响最为显著.与实验室测量结果比较,线性定标在低温端会带来大于10 K的亮温偏差.为了同时保证定标结果的质量及其稳定性,采用分段定标方案,高温端为线性定标而中低温端为非线性.从一致性以及台风个例分析等方面对定标方案进行了验证,分析结果表明,分段定标方案稳定,对低温端的定标精度改进显著,与线性结果比较台风监测亮温精度提升大于7K.     

3.11THz标准体雷达散射截面测量

针对太赫兹近场散射特性测量特点,基于CO2激光抽运的太赫兹激光器和双层独立转动平台搭建了一套高频段太赫兹雷达散射截面（RCS）测量系统。利用不锈钢光滑金属球体作为标准定标体验证了系统的可靠性,测量结果与理论值误差小于3 dBsm,系统的信噪比优于24 dB。首次利用该系统开展了3.11 THz频点处不同材料及涂覆层圆形金属平板及不同底面直径圆锥体RCS的测量。通过比较分析发现了表面阳极氧化和喷漆处理的航空铝及P304不锈钢与纯航空铝平板的RCS区别,以及不同底面直径的圆锥体RCS差异,为太赫兹频段复杂目标体RCS的研究奠定基础。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first