激光沉积Mg_2Si/Al的原位反应动力学（英文）

通过激光沉积制备了原位Mg_2Si/Al复合材料,建立了其动力学模型。结果表明,激光功率(温度)、富Mg层厚度、Si颗粒大小及A1含量是影响原位生成Mg_2Si/Al复合材料的速率及程度的主要因素。增加激光功率(温度)、降低富Mg层厚度、缩小Si颗粒大小及减少Al含量使原位反应的速率及程度提高。     

原位颗粒对近液相线铸造6063铝合金微观组织和耐磨性的影响机理

以CuO-Al作为反应体系,在6063铝合金中原位反应生成Al₂O₃颗粒,采用近液线相铸造的方法制备6063Al-XAl₂O₃(X=0,2,4,6)复合材料。研究原位反应颗粒Al₂O₃与6063铝合金自带的原位结晶颗粒Mg₂Si的形状、尺寸、数量、分布、界面特征等对合金微观组织和耐磨性的影响机理。结果表明,在6063铝合金中原位反应生成尺寸在亚微米级的近球形θ-Al₂O₃颗粒;其(311)晶面与6063铝合金基体(111)晶面成共格界面;6063铝合金中Mg₂Si尺寸大约为100nm,呈条带状,其(02-2)与Al基体(111)晶面属于共格界面。随着Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加,6063铝基复合材料的晶粒组织形貌由蔷薇状逐渐向等轴晶转变,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。当Al₂O₃的质量分数为6%时,复合材料组织由等轴晶和细小的柱状晶组成。载荷为50N时,6063铝合金的磨损量为6.72mg,6063-6Al₂O₃复合材料的磨损量为1.63mg,相对于6063铝合金降低75.7%。原位颗粒(Al₂O₃+Mg₂Si)与铝基体都成共格界面,界面之间无污染,界面结合强度高,在磨损过程中,不易从基体中脱落,承当磨损过程中的大部分载荷。原位生成高硬度的Al₂O₃颗粒与原位结晶颗粒Mg₂Si协同作用共同提高复合材料的耐磨性。外加载荷为40N时,随着增强相质量分数的增加,复合材料的磨损机制由粘着磨损转变为磨粒磨损。6063铝合金磨损机制以严重的粘着磨损为主。6063-2Al₂O₃复合材料磨损机制主要以粘着磨损为主,6063-4 Al₂O₃和6063-6Al₂O₃复合材料主要表现为磨粒磨损。     

Al-15wt.%Mg2Si复合材料中二元相的研究

原位内生法制备Al-15wt%Mg₂Si复合材料,其中二元相成分的研究很少,本文通过XRD测试方法,定性和定量的分析材料中的相成分和相含量。利用Reflex模拟Al-Mg-Si系合金的XRD衍射图谱,并与XRD测试结果对比。利用CASTEP中基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,对Al-Mg₂Si复合材料中的Mg₂Si相和Mg₁₇Al₁₂相的平衡晶格常数,热力学参数和弹性性质做了系统的研究,分析两相的稳定性和力学性能。XRD分析结果显示,Al-15wt%Mg₂Si复合材料中仅含有α-Al相和Mg₂Si相,且Mg₂Si相的质量分数为14.9wt.%。模拟与实验中,相同晶面指数的XRD标定值相差很小,实验值验证了模拟值的可靠性。模拟值证实Al-Mg₂Si复合材料中,理论上只形成α-Al相和Mg₂Si相。CASTEP计算结果表明,Al-Mg₂Si复合材料中的Mg₂Si相较Mg₁₇Al₁₂相易于形成,且稳定性较好。Mg₂Si相的弹性模量E,剪切模量G,体模量B均大于Mg₁₇Al₁₂相,Mg₂Si相的力学性能较好,但脆性较大,且塑性较差。     

纳米Mg2Sn增强镁基复合材料组织与性能

利用纳米Sn粉高的表面活性,通过微米Mg粉与纳米Sn粉的机械合金化高效合成了含原位纳米Mg₂Sn相的复合粉末,将所得复合粉末热压烧结,获得高性能纳米Mg₂Sn增强镁基复合材料。对比研究了不同机械合金化时间对镁基复合材料组织、性能的影响,结果表明：随着机械合金化时间的延长,由纳米Mg₂Sn相组成的团簇尺寸不断减小,分布更加均匀,烧结态Mg₂Sn/Mg复合材料的各项力学性能也得到不断提高。     

高阻尼高强度铸态SiCp/Mg94Zn5Y1 复合材料的综合性能

采用铸造方法制备具有不同SiC_p含量（0.5%~2.0%,质量分数,下同）的SiC_p/Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁复合材料,并研究了复合材料的力学性能和阻尼性能。通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪测试复合材料的微观组织结构和物相组成。在基体中加入SiC_p之后,SiC_p均匀分布在基体中,增强体细化了复合材料的微观组织结构。SiC_p/Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁复合材料包括α-Mg、I相（准晶相）和SiC_p相。分别使用动态热机械分析仪和AG-X试验机测试了SiC_p/Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁复合材料的阻尼性能和力学性能。复合材料的力学性能优于Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁合金,1.0%SiC_p/Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁复合材料的抗压缩强度高达350 MPa;所有复合材料的阻尼性能都远高于基体合金的阻尼性能,其中0.5%SiC_p/Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁复合材料具有最佳的阻尼性能。此外,根据功效系数法,SiC_p含量为1.0%的SiC_p/Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁复合材料具有良好的综合性能。     

Er-Ba复合变质对Mg-2.5Si-4Zn铸造合金组织及性能的影响

镁合金中的强化相Mg₂Si可以显著提高合金的硬度、耐磨性，特别是耐高温蠕变性。但铸态过共晶Mg-Si合金中初生Mg₂Si棱角粗糙，共晶Mg₂Si具有复杂的汉字形态，会严重割裂合金基体。为了改善Mg-2.5Si-4Zn合金的性能，进行了添加Er/Er-Ba的变质实验，并通过光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散光谱仪（EDS）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）研究了Er/Er-Ba对合金组织和Mg₂Si相的影响。利用计算机辅助电子加载拉伸试验机对力学性能进行了测试和分析。结果表明，在Mg-2.5Si-4Zn合金中加入0.6%（质量分数）的Er，其组织中的初生Mg₂Si从粗大的树枝状转变为规则的四方块状，而共晶Mg₂Si则从粗大的汉字状转变为更复杂的短棒状。随后加入0.8%的Ba后，初生Mg₂Si从规则的四边形块状进一步转变为带有沟槽和孔洞的不规则细小块状，共晶Mg₂Si在尺寸上细化效果显著，呈点线状弥散分布在合金基体中。当加入0.6%Er和0.8%Ba时，变质效果最佳。经Er-Ba复合变质的Mg-2.5Si-4Zn合金的力学性能得到显著改善，抗拉强度σ_b和伸长率δ分别提高到168 MPa和5.04%。     

转速对铝/镁搅拌摩擦焊接头金属间化合物及低熔点共晶的影响

研究了转速对铝/镁搅拌摩擦焊接头金属间化合物和低熔点共晶的影响,并用电子背散射衍射表征了铝侧和镁侧界面微观结构。结果表明,当采用375 r/min的低转速时,镁侧界面上部出现由Mg固溶体和Al₁₂Mg₁₇相组成的共晶层,平均厚度为38.83 μm。在镁侧界面上部还发现一层厚度为12.3 μm的连续柱状Al₃Mg₂层,垂直于Al₃Mg₂层与共晶层的边界。在镁侧界面的中部和底部,只有Al₃Mg₂层和Al₁₂Mg₁₇层,其厚度沿厚度方向从上到下依次减小。此外,铝侧和镁侧界面的Al₃Mg₂层具有较高的平均晶粒取向差,这为铝和镁原子间的扩散提供了一条途径。当转速为600 r/min时,Mg固溶体与Al₁₂Mg₁₇相组成的共晶层沿厚度方向分布在镁侧界面上,共晶层厚度较低转速（375 r/min）时显著增加。镁侧界面上部的Al₃Mg₂层和共晶层的平均厚度分别为32.89和68.92 μm。最后,由转速引起的应变速率对金属间化合物的生长起着重要作用。     

从吸附角度观察Mg-Ca合金中Mg2Ca和 α-Mg的氧化：DFT研究

基于DFT计算O₂在α-Mg（0001）和Mg₂Ca（0001）上的吸附过程,以探明Mg-Ca合金中的α-Mg和Mg₂Ca氧化机理。结果表明,在吸附过程中,O₂与α-Mg和Mg₂Ca有很强的相互作用,且均为化学吸附,但Mg₂Ca的吸附结构不如α-Mg的吸附结构稳定。在氧化过程中,O₂与α-Mg和Mg₂Ca中的Ca和Mg原子发生反应,形成Mg-Ca-O氧化膜,从而提高Mg-Ca合金的抗氧化性。但Mg₂Ca的吸附结构稳定性比α-Mg差,因此Mg₂Ca形成的氧化膜对基体的保护作用比α-Mg弱。     

La2O3含量对搅拌摩擦加工制备Ni /Al复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工方法在Al基体中添加不同La₂O₃含量的混合粉末(Ni+La₂O₃),制备 (Ni+La₂O₃)/Al复合材料。采用SEM、EDS、 EPMA及XRD对复合区微观结构及相组成进行分析,采用室温拉伸试验对 (Ni+La₂O₃)/Al复合材料力学性能进行了测试。结果表明,随着La₂O₃含量的增加,(Ni+La₂O₃)/Al复合材料的组织和性能先变好后变差。当La₂O₃添加量达到5%时,复合材料中Al₃Ni增强颗粒分布均匀、颗粒数量最多,块状的Ni粉团聚减少,其抗拉强度达到最大值215MPa,相比Ni/Al复合材料(抗拉强度176MPa),其抗拉强度提高了22%;当La₂O₃的添加量为7%时,复合材料中Al₃Ni增强颗粒含量减少,块状Ni粉团聚重新出现,抗拉强度下降至201MPa。     

Ba-Nd复合变质对Mg-3Si-4Zn铸造合金组织及性能的影响

研究了Ba-Nd复合变质对Mg-3Si-4Zn铸造合金组织及力学性能的影响,用OM、SEM、EDS、XRD等方法对微观结构进行了表征,通过硬度测试研究了材料的力学性能。结果表明,当单一变质剂Ba在Mg-3Si-4Zn合金中的添加量为1.2%（质量分数）时,变质效果最好。形成的BaMg₂Si₂相可以作为初生Mg₂Si的异质形核核心,使初生Mg₂Si细化。Ba-Nd复合变质是通过在Mg-3Si-4Zn-1.2Ba合金中加入变质剂Nd来完成的。通过Miedema模型和对吉布斯自由能的线性拟合,发现由于Nd和/或Ba原子能与Si原子形成更加稳定的化合物NdSi、NdSi₂、Ba₂Si、BaSi₂,防止Si原子在凝固的初始阶段与Mg原子结合,因此初生Mg₂Si的生长速度被抑制,微观结构中初生Mg₂Si相变小。当Nd含量为2.0%时,Ba-Nd复合变质效果最好,即初生Mg₂Si由平均面积约为 600 μm² 的树枝状变为平均边长约5 μm的近似方形的组织,共晶Mg₂Si由平均面积约444 μm² 的复杂粗大汉字状变为平均面积约89 μm²的简单汉字状组织。合金硬度由575.75 MPa提高到612.11 MPa,提高了6.31%。     

Centrifugal casting processes of manufacturing <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> functionally gradient composite materials of Al-19Si-5Mg alloy

Cylindrical components of in situ functionally gradient composite materials of Al-19Si-5Mg alloy were manufactured by centrifugal casting. Microstructure characteristics of the manufactured components were observed and the effects of the used process factors on these characteristics were analyzed. The results of observations shows that, in thickness, the components possess microstructures accumulating lots of Mg₂Si particles and a portion of primary silicon particles in the inner layer, a little Mg₂Si and primary silicon particles in the outer layer, and without any Mg₂Si and primary silicon particle in the middle layer. The results of the analysis indicate that the rotation rate of centrifugal casting, mould temperature, and melt pouring temperature have evidently affected the accumulation of the second phase particles. Also, the higher the centrifugal rotation rate, mould temperature, and melt pouring temperature are, the more evident in the inner layer the degree of accumulation of Mg₂Si and primary silicon particles is.     

Effect of process parameter on the combustion temperature of laser-induced self-propagating high-temperature synthesized Al/TiC composites

Ignition phenomena in self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of Al–C–Ti system were studied. The experiments were performed in quasi-adiabatic conditions. A CO₂ laser was used as external energy source and was set to the influence of Al content, laser power and particle sizes of powder on the ignition behavior. The results showed the combustion temperature depended strongly on Al content, laser power and particle sizes of Ti and C; but the particle size of Al had little effect on combustion temperature, at the same time, the effect of Al content on adiabatic combustion temperature, T_ad, was calculated. According to the calculation result, adiabatic temperature decreased with the increasing of Al content.     

Ti 元素对B4C/Al复合材料力学性能的改善作用研究

B₄C/Al复合材料是目前最理想的中子吸收材料,广泛用于乏燃料储存。本文利用液态搅拌法制备B₄C/Al复合材料,通过添加Ti元素,探讨了界面反应对材料的界面结构和力学性能的影响。研究发现,Ti元素通过参与界面反应,改变了界面结构,在B₄C颗粒表面形成了紧密结合的纳米TiB₂界面层;Ti的添加消除了界面微裂纹、微孔、分离等缺陷。随着界面反应程度的加强,材料强度提高,尤其反应脱落的纳米TiB₂颗粒作为原位第二强化相进一步增强基体。B₄C/Al复合材料断裂过程表现为韧窝延性断裂;TiB₂界面层增强了B₄C颗粒与基体的结合,断裂行为从B₄C-Al界面脱落转变为B₄C颗粒断裂;但过渡的界面反应会形成微韧窝,引起材料延伸率下降。     

Effect of HEA/Al composite interlayer on microstructure and mechanical property of Ti/Mg bimetal composite by solid-liquid compound casting

In this study,HEA/AI composite interlayer was used to fabricate Ti/Mg bimetal composites by solidliquid compound casting process.The Al layer was prepared on the surface of TC4 alloy by hot dipping,and the FeCoNiCr HEA layer was prepared by magnetron sputtering onto the Al layer.The influence of the HEA layer thickness and pouring temperature on interface evolution was investigated based on SEM observation and thermodynamic analysis.Results indicate that the sluggish diffusion effect of HEA can ...     

Effects of temperature on fracture behavior of Al-based in-situ composites reinforced with Mg2Si and Si particles fabricated by centrifugal casting

An aluminum-based in-situ composites reinforced with Mg₂Si and Si particles were produced by centrifugal casting Al–20Si–5Mg alloy. The microstructure of the composites was examined, and the effects of temperature on fracture behavior of the composite were investigated. The results show that the average fraction of primary Si and Mg₂Si particles in the composites is as high as 38%, and ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) of the composites first increase then decrease with the increase of test temperature. Microstructures of broken specimens show that both the particle fracture and the interface debonding affect the fracture behavior of the composites, and the interface debonding becomes the dominant fracture mechanism with increasing test temperature. Comparative results indicate that rich particles in the composites and excellent interface strength play great roles in enhancing tensile property by preventing the movement of dislocations.     

Interfacial reaction in ASZ/A384 Al composite and its influence on mechanical properties

In an ASZ/A384 Al composite, the interfacial reaction was observed to take place between the SiO₂ binder layer and Mg within the matrix to form MgAl₂O₄ at the interface. Formation of MgAl₂O₄ at the interface between ASZ short fibers and the Al matrix alloy is believed to enhance the interfacial bonding strength, resulting in improved composite strength. However, the interfacial reaction in the ASZ/A384 Al proceeds at the expense of Mg in the matrix, resulting in a composite devoid of Mg bearing precipitates such as Al₂CuMg and Mg₂Si.     

Development of short alumina fibre and in situ Mg2Si particle reinforced magnesium alloy hybrid composite with high temperature strength

Abstract

Short alumina fibre and in situ Mg₂Si particle reinforced hybrid composites were fabricated by infiltration with the molten magnesium alloy into the preforms consisting of the fibres having Si particles attached to their surfaces. P or CaF₂ particles were used as the refiners of the Mg₂Si particles. All of Si particles reacted with the Mg alloy and melt to form Mg₂Si particles. As the melting temperature decreased or the cooling rate after the infiltration increased, the Mg₂Si particles became finer. The introduction of P or CaF₂ further promoted the refinement of the Mg₂Si particles. When the composite was fabricated by squeeze casting in the permanent mould, fine Mg₂ Si particles with a grain size of ～5 μm were formed regardless of introducing the refiners due to the rapid solidification. The strength of the hybrid composites was higher than that of the conventional fibre reinforced composite at both room temperature and high temperature.     

Joining mechanism of Ti/Al dissimilar alloys during laser welding-brazing process

Joining mechanism of Ti/Al dissimilar alloys was investigated during laser welding-brazing process with automated wire feed. The microstructures of fusion welding and brazing zones were analysed in details by transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was found that microstructures of fusion welding zone consist of α-Al grains and ternary near-eutectic structure with α-Al, Si and Mg₂Si. Interfacial reaction layers of brazing joint were composed of α-Ti, nanosize granular Ti₇Al₅Si₁₂ and serration-shaped TiAl₃. For the first time, apparent stacking fault structure in intermetallic phase TiAl₃ was found when the thickness of the reaction layer was very thin (approximately less than 1 μm). Furthermore, crystallization behavior of fusion zone and mechanism of interfacial reaction were discussed in details.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of BP/7A04 Al matrix composites

The microstructures and interface structures of basalt particle reinforced 7A04 Al matrix composites (BP/7A04 Al) were analyzed by using OM, TEM, SEM and EDS, and the mechanical properties of 7A04 Al alloy were compared with those of BP/7A04 Al matrix composites. The results show that the basalt particles are dispersed in the Al matrix and form a strong bonding interface with the Al matrix. SiO₂ at the edge of the basalt particles is continuously replaced by Al₂O₃ formed in the reaction, forming a high-temperature reaction layer with a thickness of several tens of nanometers, and Al₂O₃ strengthens the bonding interface between basalt particles and Al matrix. The dispersed basalt particles promote the dislocation multiplication, vacancy formation and precipitation of the matrix, and the precipitated phases mainly consist of plate-like η (MgZn₂) phase and bright white band-shaped or ellipsoidal T (Al₂Mg₃Zn₃) phase. The bonding interface, high dislocation density and dispersion strengthening phase significantly improve the mechanical properties of the composites. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of BP/7A04 Al matrix composites are up to 665 and 699 MPa, which increase by 11.4% and 10.9% respectively compared with 7A04 Al alloy without basalt particles.