基于区块链的农产品溯源系统研究

针对部分农产品溯源系统存在溯源信息集中、信息易被篡改、信息不透明的突出问题,利用区块链去中心化、不可篡改、公开透明的特点,以传统农产品溯源系统的问题分析为前提,以构建基于区块链的农产品溯源系统模型为基础,利用数据分片实现农产品信息的分布式存储,设计智能合约使系统满足实际交易过程,构建系统架构并实现该区块链溯源系统.系统实现了农产品的可信溯源,保障了农产品质量信息的安全性和可信性.     

基于区块链技术的农产品追溯系统设计

传统的追溯系统往往存在数据不完整、信息不对称等问题,因此需要一种更加安全可靠的技术手段来解决这些问题。区块链技术作为一种新型的信息存储技术,具有去中心化和不可篡改的特点,可以为农产品溯源提供更好的方案。文章将从区块链技术相关理论基础切入,对基于区块链技术的农产品追溯系统进行设计,希望能够给农产品溯源领域带来新的思路和方法。     

基于双区块链及物联网技术的防伪溯源系统

在产品安全日益重要的今天,传统的产品溯源系统依旧存在着中心化存储、数据可信度低、数据易窜改及责任人定位困难等问题。区块链技术凭借其分布式存储、链式结构、不可窜改和高容错性等特点,能在信息的搜集、存储和共享等过程中实现数据溯源功能,并借助物联网技术保证区块链源头数据的真实可靠,以实现对产品信息的实时跟踪。基于此,提出了使用双区块链和物联网技术的产品防伪溯源系统,分析了该溯源系统的安全性并通过仿真实验验证了该系统的可行性,对区块链技术和产品安全领域的进一步结合提供了参考和借鉴。     

区块链在水利行业政府网站防篡改中的应用研究

水利行业各级政府网站所发布的信息应该及时、准确、权威,信息一旦被篡改,将会严重影响国家安全,损坏水利政府部门公信力和形象,传统防篡改系统存在默认信任特定节点,底稿存储不可靠等问题。为更好地保障水利行业政府网站信息安全,降低入侵风险,通过研究区块链的分布式记账原理和可信去中心化特点,提出一种基于区块链和分布式存储的新型防篡改系统。利用区块链的去中心化的信任机制和分布式存储的安全性,新型防篡改系统能够消除单点薄弱环节,可靠存储底稿文件,不需信任特定节点。测试结果表明：与传统防篡改系统相比,新型防篡改系统能够更好地满足水利行业政府网站在防篡改领域的需求,保证水利行业政府网站发布的内容得到有效保护,保护水利行业政府网站免遭篡改的侵害。     

面向区块链溯源的链下扩展存储方案

在基于区块链的供应链管理溯源系统中,由于区块链技术是一种基于分布式的系统,对于区块链中存储的数据所有节点都会进行备份,如果直接把溯源数据存储在链上,这会导致数据占用大量内存,增加溯源系统维护成本和降低系统响应速度的问题。因此提出一种链下扩展存储方案,该方案首先利用SHA-256哈希算法的单向性对明文数据进行哈希运算得到哈希值,然后采用SM2加密算法产生的私钥对哈希值进行签名,保证信息上传者身份的可靠,最后把哈希值和签名值通过智能合约保存在区块链中,明文数据和其哈希值与签名值在区块链上存储的地址则存储在数据库中。通过结合中心化存储和区块链技术各自的优势,既可以保证溯源数据不可被篡改又可以有效减少区块链网络中溯源数据所占内存的大小。最后,在所提方案的基础上,对溯源系统进行详细设计并采用以太坊区块链平台对其进行实现。     

基于区块链技术的医疗器械溯源监管系统研究

传统的医疗器械溯源系统依赖一个中心化组织,溯源需要多方参与,导致信息整合难度大,溯源信息数据不完整。为解决医疗器械溯源的数据中心化问题,防范溯源信息被恶意篡改,采用分布式记账技术,提出基于Fabric区块链的医疗器械溯源系统架构MDTFabric(Med ical Device Traceability Fabric)。该系统架构运用现有区块链溯源机制,针对医疗器械溯源特点进行了特定的优化,建立起医疗器械溯源的信用机制,并根据数据重要性采取多方存储方式,提升系统的访问性能。     

区块链数据库:一种可查询且防篡改的数据库

随着比特币、以太币等一系列加密货币的兴起,其底层的区块链技术受到越来越广泛的关注.区块链有防篡改、去中心化的特性.以太坊利用区块链技术来构建新一代去中心化的应用平台.BigchainDB将区块链技术与传统的分布式数据库相结合,利用基于联盟投票的共识机制改进传统Pow机制中的节点全复制问题,提高了系统的扩展性与吞吐率.但是现有的区块链系统存储的信息大都是固定格式的交易信息,虽然在每个交易里有数据字段,但是现有的区块链系统并不能经由链上对交易内的数据字段的具体细节进行直接查询.如果想要查询数据字段的具体细节,只能先根据交易的哈希值进行查询,得到该交易的完整信息,然后再检索该交易内的数据信息.数据可操作性低,不具备传统数据库的查询功能.首先提出一种区块链数据库系统框架,将区块链技术应用于分布式数据管理;其次提出一种基于哈希指针的不可篡改索引,根据该索引快速检索区块内数据,以此实现区块链的查询;最后,通过实验测试数据库的读写性能,实验结果表明,所提出的不可篡改索引在保证不可篡改的同时具有较好的读写性能.     

基于区块链的电气设备管理及其应用研究

区块链的分布式、去信任、防篡改的技术特性，为构建长使用寿命电气设备的全生命周期管理提供了新的技术路径。提出了区块链的长使用寿命电气设备管理方法。该方法的核心是设备数据分级存证及其链上数据溯源管理，包括总体系统架构及上链数据结构。首先，通过深入分析长使用寿命电气设备供应链现状，构建基于区块链的电气设备全生命周期管理系统。其次，利用区块链技术的不可篡改和分布式存储特征对核心数据进行存证，构建全流程上链存证追溯体系，从而确保数据不可篡改、可追溯、可追责，以支撑电气设备标识管理、交易合同签订、节点身份管理等业务。试验阶段，以气体绝缘设备(GIS)为例进行了应用试验，验证了该方法的有效性。试验结果进一步说明了所提方法能够为电气设备自动化管理及安全保障提供有价值的参考。     

基于区块链的分布式离链存储框架设计

随着分布式存储技术的不断发展,越来越多的企业、政府机构用户将数据保存在云端,实现大数据的分布式存储和数据资源共享。区块链技术的去中心化、可追溯、不可篡改、数据一致性等特点,为解决云存储存在的隐私和安全挑战问题带来了新的契机。文章提出了一种基于区块链的分布式离链存储框架。在区块链中部署区块节点和存储节点,其中区块节点用于执行底层区块链运行机制,存储节点用于存储数据和文件,通过将区块和存储功能区分开实现了离链存储,保证了区块链的运行效率。此外,文章还提出了一个使用基于经典数据占有机制的全局交互验证方法,以确保数据文件的分布、可靠和可证明的存储。用户向区块链中添加区块(存储文件)时会触发公平挑战机制的审核机制,从而隐式验证离链存储的所有文件是否完整。     

区块链在医疗领域应用探讨

区块链技术的快速发展与普及,为区块链在各行各业的应用打下基础,区块链在医疗领域的应用也越来越广泛。由于区块链具有不可篡改、去中心化、分布式存储的特点,本文探讨了区块链在医疗领域中的应用场景。重点探讨了区块链技术在分级诊疗、药品溯源和数据安全和存储方面的应用,以期为未来研究提供参考。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.