运动饮料研制及抗疲劳活性研究

试验主要研究了运动饮料研制及抗疲劳活性。通过响应面分析法确定运动饮料研制的最佳工艺条件:维生素C用量为1.1%,柠檬酸用量为0.17%,苦荞提取液用量为17.1%,蔗糖用量为7.1%。同时试验结果表明,运动饮料具有抗疲劳活性。     

抗疲劳功能成分在运动饮料中的作用

运动饮料可为人体运动训练补充能量,缓解运动造成的脱水和电解质丢失,而运动饮料中的功能性成分可提高运动水平,增强抗疲劳能力.     

功能饮料真有“功能”吗

正随着中考、高考的到来,不少考生开始选择功能饮料来保障营养、提高身体潜能。功能饮料主要分三种,一种是含牛磺酸成分的功能饮料,具有一定的抗疲劳和适量补充电解质的作用;另一种是含各种维生素、氨基酸的饮料,因为品种口味多样,很受消费者欢迎;还有一种是以各种核桃乳为主打的补充脑营养的产品。     

碳水化合物—蛋白质饮料对耐力运动员运动表现的影响

摘 要: 抗疲劳功能型饮料能够补充能量、缓解运动疲劳已被广泛认可。同传统的碳水化合物饮料相比, 碳水化合物—蛋白质饮料对提高耐力运动员表现主要得益于其水合作用强、耐热性能高、抗疲劳显著等特点。近年来, 含蛋白质混合物的碳水化合物饮品价值被不断挖掘。本文概括了传统碳水化合物和碳水化合物—蛋白质饮料的不同, 补充蛋白质对耐力训练影响的证据, 综述了运动训练中补充蛋白质对耐力训练成绩、抗阻运动训练最大力量增加的影响及碳水化合物—蛋白质饮料提高耐力运动员表现的潜在优势。提出运动训练中补充含适量蛋白质混合物的碳水化合物饮品对提高耐力运动员的表现主要是通过运动适应生理机制反映出来。其具体从能量代谢和血液循环、骨骼肌肉与神经控制、运动适应与运动应激三个方面提高运动表现。最后, 结合运动实践进行展望, 为运动训练中补充碳水化合物—蛋白质饮料提供参考。     

苦荞红景天运动饮料研制及抗疲劳活性研究

试验以苦荞和红景天为原料,对苦荞红景天运动饮料的研制工艺进行研究。通过响应面分析法确定运动饮料的研制工艺,即苦荞提取液添加量15.0%,红景天提取液添加量16.3%,苦荞提取液添加量7.7%,苦荞提取液添加量0.07%。苦荞红景天运动饮料相比于生理盐水对照组小鼠的负重游泳时间都有所延长,血尿素氮含量有所降低,苦荞红景天运动饮料具有较好的抗疲劳活性。     

枸杞刺五加运动饮料研制及抗疲劳作用研究

以枸杞、刺五加提取液为原料,研制枸杞刺五加运动饮料。利用单因素与正交试验确定该运动饮料的最佳配方参数,并考察其抗疲劳效果。试验结果显示,枸杞刺五加运动饮料的最佳配方为:枸杞提取液12%、刺五加提取液10%、蔗糖6%、羧甲基纤维素钠0.4%,感官评分达到86.4分。同时枸杞刺五加运动饮料有助于增长小鼠运动时间,提高其体内肝糖原与肌糖原含量,同时减少乳酸生成,因此具有较好的抗疲劳作用。     

"新动力"机能饮料的机体抗疲劳功能研究

“新动力”饮料是根据人体发生疲劳的机制而设计的一种抗疲劳饮料.该饮料能很快补充机体在运动中损失的液体和能量.采用运动生化常用的手段做动物耐缺氧、抗疲劳试验.结果表明,给小鼠连续5d灌服,能显著提高小鼠在常压缺氧条件下的耐受能力,延长小鼠在高温环境下的存活时间及小鼠负荷游泳时间,明显提高机体的有氧代谢能力.具有显著降低力竭模型小鼠血乳酸水平、减少肝糖元消耗的效果.说明“新动力”机能饮料具有提高机体耐力、促进运动后疲劳恢复的作用.     

枸杞龙眼复合运动饮料研制及其抗疲劳功能研究

采用枸杞、龙眼为主要原料研制运动饮料,利用单因素和正交试验法对影响运动饮料的主要因素:枸杞汁用量、龙眼汁用量、蔗糖用量、柠檬酸用量进行优化,并对饮料的抗疲劳功能进行研究。结果表明:最佳工艺参数为枸杞汁用量15%、龙眼汁用量30%、蔗糖用量8%、柠檬酸用量0.15%,在此工艺条件下,产品的感官评分值为94分。小鼠负重试验结果表明,小鼠经灌胃运动饮料15天后,小鼠负重游泳时间显著延长,说明枸杞龙眼复合运动饮料具有一定的抗疲劳功效,适用于运动领域。     

运动饮料对提高运动能力的研究现状

运动饮料是在科学研究基础上,针对运动时机体机能变化而研制的。运动饮料中合理的营养素构成可改善运动者机能状态。本文主要研究运动饮料中各种营养素对运动能力的影响、运动饮料对运动疲劳及其恢复作用的影响的研究现状,旨在为进一步合理选择和应用运动饮料提供科学基础。     

天然酵素运动饮料对体操运动员抗疲劳能力的影响

<正>伴随着营养学和生物学研究的不断深入,酵素在人体健康中能够发挥的功能逐渐显现,现已在食品行业中得到广泛应用。不同种类酵素发挥的调节机制不尽相同,从运动员角度出发,天然酵素运动饮料能够对体操运动员的体力和耐力产生积极影响。本文将讨论天然酵素运动饮料对体操运动员抗疲劳产生的干预效果,以期通过研究为体操运动员补充天然酵素运动饮料提供参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the