草莓中诺如病毒和甲肝病毒的多重实时荧光逆转录PCR检测方法的建立

目的建立草莓中诺如病毒GI、诺如病毒GII和甲肝病毒等3种食源性病毒的多重实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法,并应用于实际样品检测。方法对草莓样品进行前处理、病毒富集、病毒RNA提取和纯化后,先采用单重实时荧光RT-PCR进行检测,随后进行多重实时荧光RT-PCR反应条件优化,建立多重实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法并分析其特异性和灵敏度。结果所采用的病毒富集和核酸提取方法可以实现病毒的有效富集和抑制剂的去除,建立的多重实时荧光RT-PCR方法特异性强(100%),对草莓样品中诺如病毒GI、诺如病毒GII和甲肝病毒的检测灵敏度分别为56.2 RT-PCR50/20 g、31.6 RT-PCR50/20 g和31.4 CCID50/20 g。同时对50份样品进行检测,结果均为阴性。结论所建立的检测方法快速、灵敏、特异性强,适用于草莓产品中诺如病毒GI、诺如病毒GII和甲肝病毒的同时检测。     

甘肃省兰州地区贝类海鲜、蔬菜水果中诺如病毒污染监测分析

目的:掌握甘肃省兰州地区海鲜贝类、蔬菜水果等诺如病毒的污染状况,发现食品安全隐患。方法:于2017年6月—2018年3月间,在兰州地区批发市场、零售市场、超市随机抽取120个贝类、蔬菜、水果样品,基于Taq Man探针法原理,通过特异性引物、探针结合,采用实时荧光RT-PCR技术对样品进行了GI和GII基因型诺如病毒的检测。结果:诺如病毒总阳性率为4.17%,其中GI型诺如病毒基因不存在,均为GII型。结论:该研究对了解兰州地区贝类海鲜、蔬菜水果中诺如病毒污染状况,加强诺如病毒预防控制提供了科学依据。     

实时荧光RT-PCR检测冷冻草莓中诺如病毒

目的：建立冷冻草莓中的GI、GII型诺如病毒实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法,并应用于实际样品的检测。方法：对草莓样品进行前处理、病毒富集、病毒RNA的提取和纯化,然后采用实时荧光RT-PCR进行检测。结果：核酸提取方法能够有效地去除抑制因子,同时对104份送检样品进行检测,结果均为阴性。结论：所建立的核酸提取与实时荧光RT-PCR结合的检测体系适合于草莓样品中诺如病毒GI、GII型的检测。     

三种分子生物学方法检测牡蛎中诺如病毒的比较研究

采用RT-PCR、RT- 半巢式PCR(seminested PCR)和RT- 环介导等温扩增(LAMP)三种分子生物学方法分别检测了牡蛎中经粪便污染的诺如病毒。三种方法所采用的特异性引物均针对诺如病毒高度保守的N/S 结构域。结果显示：一步法RT-PCR较两步法结果理想但仍不能有效去除食品中的PCR反应抑制物。RT- 半巢式PCR和RT-LAMP的特异性和敏感性都远远优于RT-PCR,但是RT- 半巢式PCR 操作繁琐费时。RT-LAMP 扩增程序简单、反应时间短,且不需要精密的温度循环装置,在产物中加入SYBR Green Ⅰ染料后可用肉眼直接判断反应结果。因此,RT-LAMP 有望发展成为快速检测牡蛎中诺如病毒的有效手段。     

GⅡ型诺如病毒微滴式数字RT-PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

为了建立快速准确的GⅡ型诺如病毒定量检测方法,本研究将微滴式数字RT-PCR技术应用于GⅡ型诺如病毒检测中,并与实时荧光RT-PCR法进行了比对。微滴式数字RT-PCR反应退火温度的优化实验确定了其最佳退火温度为56℃,实时荧光RT-PCR和微滴式数字RT-PCR两种方法的灵敏度实验对比表明微滴式数字RT-PCR法检测GⅡ型诺如病毒的灵敏度为5.40 copies/μL,其灵敏度高于实时荧光RT-PCR法,重复性实验对比表明两种方法在检测中间浓度的GⅡ型诺如病毒时重复性均较好;人工污染西生菜实验中表明微滴式数字RT-PCR法最低检测限为54.00 copies/μL。本研究建立的GⅡ型诺如病毒的微滴式RT-PCR检测方法,灵敏度高,重复性良好,在人工污染西生菜GⅡ型诺如病毒的检测中表现理想,具有良好的应用前景。     

冷链食品中诺如病毒的检测方法研究以及污染状况分析

文章以冷链食品中的诺如病毒为研究对象,建立冷链食品中诺如病毒的高效提取方法。该方法设计特异性引物探针,应用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）检验冷链食品中诺如病毒,文章应用所构建的方法开展了冷链食品中诺如病毒污染状况的抽样调查。结果表明,应用RT-PCR成功扩增了诺如病毒特征性核酸,在后续使用该方法进行的冷链食品中病毒的抽样检测调查中发现诺如病毒总体检出率为7.0%(27/383),病毒分型发现检出的27株诺如病毒中有25份为诺如病毒GII型,2份为诺如病毒GI型。     

单增李斯特菌RT-LAMP快速检测方法的建立

建立一种可快速检测单增李斯特菌的反转录-环介导等温扩增方法。针对单增李斯特菌的李氏溶血素基因(hly)设计多组引物,经引物筛选和配比优化,建立检测单增李斯特菌的实时荧光RT-LAMP方法,并通过菌株特异性、灵敏度和人工污染脱脂乳样品中的检出限对该方法进行评价。该方法特异性良好, 26株菌株中仅三株单增李斯特菌检出阳性;检测灵敏度高,对单增李斯特菌的菌悬液灵敏度为10~1 CFU/mL,是RT-qPCR方法检测灵敏度的10倍。人工污染样品直接检测的检出限为10~3 CFU/mL,而对样品增菌16 h后,单增李斯特菌的检出限提高到10~0 CFU/25 mL。所建立的RT-LAMP方法可以快速、准确地检测单增李斯特菌,操作简便,适合应急和现场监测使用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the