聚乳酸/酯化纤维素/纳米CaCO3复合材料的制备与表征

采用熔融共混法制备了聚乳酸(PLA)/酯化纤维索/纳米CaCO3复合材料,并通过力学性能测试、差示扫描量热仪、热重分析和扫描电镜等测试手段对复合材料的性能进行了表征.结果表明,当酯化纤维素和纳米CaCO3的总含量小于5%时,能够起到较好的增强作用,复合材料的力学性能明显优于纯PLA;酯化纤维素和纳米CaCO3的加入起到...     

碳酸钙对聚乳酸/酯化纤维素复合材料性能的影响

采用熔融共混工艺制备了聚乳酸(PLA)/酯化纤维素/CaCO3复合材料,通过力学性能测试、热重分析、凝胶渗透色谱和红外光谱分析,研究了CaCO3对复合材料力学性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明:CaCO3能够与酯化纤维素相互作用,并在一定程度上改善复合材料的力学性能,提高复合材料的热稳定性,减缓PLA的热降解。     

PLA协同纳米CaCO3增韧PP的研究

通过熔融共混制得聚丙烯/聚乳酸/纳米碳酸钙（PP/PLA/CaCO3）复合材料,考察了PLA和纳米CaCO3对复合材料力学性能、热性能、流变性能与结晶形态的影响及其作用机理。结果表明,复合材料中形成连续空间网络结构的PLA有助于改善PP的性能,PLA含量为20 %（质量分数,下同）时复合材料综合力学性能最佳;与纯PP相比,加入PLA后的复合材料拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高5.1 %和54.4 %,断裂伸长率降低62.5 %;纳米CaCO3通过“滚珠增韧”和“异相成核”作用明显改善复合材料力学性能,纳米CaCO3含量15 %时产生的晶粒细化作用效果最为显著,复合材料综合力学性能达到最佳,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和冲击强度分别比未添加CaCO3时提升了15.2 %、2.7 %和5.6 %。     

聚乳酸/酯化纤维素复合材料的制备与表征

通过气固反应利用马来酸酐（MA）对纤维素进行酯化改性,采用熔融共混工艺制备了聚乳酸（PLA）/酯化纤维素复合材料。红外分析表明纤维素与MA发生了酯化反应。力学性能测试、热重分析、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、扫描电镜（SEM）等分析表明,PLA/酯化纤维素复合材料的拉伸模量和弯曲模量随酯化纤维素含量的增加而升高,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和热稳定性随酯化纤维素含量的增加而降低;复合材料的Tc相对纯PLA较高,说明酯化纤维素的加入起到了异相成核作用,使结晶速率提高。酯化纤维素在复合材料中分散充分,但两者的界面黏结力较弱。     

聚乳酸/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物/碳酸钙复合材料的性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚乳酸/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物/碳酸钙（PLA/EVA/CaCO3）复合材料,利用差示扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪、偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、力学性能测试和热变形温度测试等手段,研究了EVA和CaCO3对复合材料的结晶性能、断面形貌、力学性能和耐热性能的影响。结果表明,EVA 具有增韧作用,但降低了复合材料的强度和耐热性;而CaCO3可以提高复合材料的强度、韧性、结晶性能和耐热性能;CaCO3与EVA的加入对PLA有协同增韧作用,且不改变PLA的晶型;当PLA/EVA=90/10,加入10 %（质量分数,下同）的CaCO3时,复合材料有最佳的综合性能。     

凹凸棒石/聚乳酸纳米复合材料的力学性能和流变性能

采用熔融共混法制备凹凸棒石(ATT)质量分数分别为1%、3%和5%的ATT/聚乳酸(PLA)纳米复合材料,研究了ATT/PLA纳米复合材料的力学性能和流变性能。红外光谱分析结果表明:ATT与PLA基体之间存在较强的相互作用,使得二者之间具有较好的相容性。当ATT含量低于5%时,其可均匀分散在PLA基体中,而达到5%时,则会发生部分团聚。添加ATT后,PLA基体从脆性材料变为韧性材料,ATT起到增韧作用,并显著提高了复合材料的力学性能。当ATT含量为3%时,断裂伸长率达到26.36%,比纯PLA增加了297.6%,并且复合材料的冲击强度也比纯PLA增加了19.7%。ATT/PLA纳米复合材料的复数黏度、储能模量和损耗模量随ATT含量的增加呈先增大后减小趋势。由于ATT与PLA之间有良好的结合力,ATT的加入增大了复合材料的弹性和黏性,且低频区的变化明显高于高频区的变化。     

碳酸钙填充PLA复合材料的制备和性能研究

用熔融共混法制备了聚乳酸/碳酸钙（PLA/ CaCO3）复合材料,研究了PLA/ CaCO3复合材料的力学性能、热性能、结构及断裂机理。结果表明：较高含量的CaCO3在材料内部形成网络结构,阻止了微裂纹的扩展,断裂从脆性变为韧性,对PLA起到了较为明显的增韧作用;但当CaCO3的含量较低时,填料CaCO3粒子孤立地分散在基体内,未形成网络结构,微裂纹的扩展不能及时被阻止,会形成裂纹,从而导致材料破坏,使冲击强度下降;CaCO3的引入使复合材料的熔融峰出现了双峰,复合材料的结晶性能有所提升,使复合材料的耐热性能提高。     

叶片挤出机制备PLA/MMT复合材料性能的研究

利用以拉伸形变为主导的叶片挤出机制备了不同质量比的聚乳酸/蒙脱土(PLA/MMT)纳米复合材料,通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征了该复合材料的微观结构及形貌,并探讨了不同含量的MMT对PLA/MMT复合材料的力学性能以及动态力学性能的影响。结果表明:PLA分子链插入MMT片层之间,形成了具有插层结构的PLA/MMT纳米复合材料;该复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量及冲击强度均随着MMT含量的增加呈先增后减的趋势;当MMT含量为2.5%时,复合材料的综合力学性能达到最佳,其中拉伸模量比纯PLA提高了170%,冲击强度则提高了130%,说明少量MMT的加入对PLA能起到增强增韧的作用。另外,动态力学性能测试结果表明,随着MMT含量的增加,复合材料的玻璃化转变温度有下降的趋势。     

原位聚合法制备纳米CaCO3/PVAc复合材料

将纳米CaCO3先分散在醋酸乙烯(VAc)中,再进行VAc溶液聚合,以原位聚合的方法制得纳米CaCO3/PVAc复合材料.主要研究了纳米CaCO3在VAc中的最佳分散条件和VAc溶液聚合的最佳条件参数,对不同纳米CaCO3含量的复合材料进行红外、透射电镜表征和断裂强度、断裂伸长率等性能的测试.结果显示:CaCO3与PVAc存在化学键的结合,CaCO3在PVAc中呈纳米级分散,当纳米CaCO3质量分数为0.2%～0.3%时,该复合材料力学性能最佳.     

聚氨酯/微米CaCO3复合材料的性能研究

对聚氨酯/纳米CaCO3粒子复合材料的性能进行了研究。实验表明:聚氨酯/纳米CaCO3粒子复合材料具有优异的性能,聚氨酯/纳米CaCO3粒子复合材料,其硬度、力学性能和抗冲蚀磨损性能比纯聚氨酯优异;在纳米CaCO3含量为1%时,其硬度、力学性能,抗冲蚀磨损性能最佳。     

聚乳酸/纤维素共混复合材料的研究进展

叙述了天然纤维、改性纤维、纤维素衍生物与聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料的最新研究现状,围绕共混复合材料的相容性、分散性、力学性能以及应用等方面存在的优缺点,详细介绍了乙基纤维素(EC)、纤维素酯、羧甲基纤维素这3种纤维素衍生物与PLA共混制成复合材料,为纤维素/PLA共混复合材料的研发与应用提供参考。     

聚乳酸/纤维素及其衍生物共混复合材料的研究进展

介绍了聚乳酸(PLA)/纤维素、PLA/天然植物纤维、PLA/纤维素酯和PLA/纤维素醚共混复合材料最新的研究进展,综述了复合材料在相容性、分散性、力学性能和降解特性等方面存在的优点和缺点,为此类共混复合材料的进一步研究指明方向。     

Cellulose fiber‐reinforced polylactic acid

Polymer composites from polylactic acid (PLA) and two types of cellulose fibers obtained either by acid hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (HMCC) or by mechanical disintegration of regenerated wood fibers (MF) were prepared and characterized. To enhance the compatibility of the cellulose fibers with PLA matrix, a surface treatment based on 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) was performed. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical groups involved in the surface modification reaction. The silanization treatment resulted in different modifications on both types of cellulose fibers because of their different structural and morphological characteristics. The composites were prepared by incorporating 2.5% of the treated or untreated HMCC and MF into a PLA matrix using a melt‐compounding technique. An improved adhesion between the two phases of the composite materials was observed by scanning electron microscopy thanks to treatment. The dynamic mechanical thermal analyses showed that both untreated and silane treated fibers led to an improvement of the storage modulus of PLA in the glassy state. A higher enhancement of the storage modulus in the case of PLA/HMCC composites than the composites containing MF was obtained as a result of the high aspect ratio of these fibers which allows better matrix‐to‐filler stress transfer. Furthermore, the storage modulus of PLA composites was enhanced by silanization even at higher temperatures especially after thermal treatment. The cellulose fibers addition in PLA matrix modified significantly the relaxation phenomenon as observed in tan δ curves, emphasizing strongly modified molecular mobility of PLA macromolecules and crystallization changes. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

Reinforcing effect of nanocrystalline cellulose and office waste paper fibers on mechanical and thermal properties of poly (lactic acid) composites

Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared from office waste paper (OWP) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis method in this paper and it was used to prepare a series of poly (lactic acid) PLA/NCC composites by using a dissolution method in solvent N, N-dimethylformamide solution. The results indicated that with the addition of only 3 wt% NCC, the composites exhibited outstanding mechanical property. The tensile, bending and impact properties of the PLA/3NCC composite were improved by 8.2%, 13.1%, and 35.9% than those of pure PLA, respectively. On this basis, office waste paper fibers (OWF) were also used as a physical blended filler to enhance PLA/NCC composites to reduce the preparation cost of PLA composites and the perfect PLA/NCC/OWF sample was easily manufactured by melting–blending and injection molding. According to the crystallization and melting performance table, both NCC and OWF can act as nucleating agent to promote the crystallization properties on composites, while the blends did not have positive effect on thermal stability. Furthermore, the water absorption and degradation properties of PLA composites were also studied. This work not only provided a novel idea for the utilization of office waste paper but also successfully produced environment friendly composites with favorable mechanical properties and crystallization performance.     

Crystallization behavior of α‐cellulose short‐fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites

The isothermal crystallization behavior of α‐cellulose short‐fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites (PLA/α‐cellulose) was examined using a differential scanning calorimeter and a petrographic microscope. Incorporating a natural micro‐sized cellulose filler increased the spherulite growth rate of the PLA from 3.35 μm/min for neat PLA at 105°C to a maximum of 5.52 μm/min for the 4 wt % PLA/α‐cellulose composite at 105°C. In addition, the inclusion of α‐cellulose significantly increased the crystallinities of the PLA/α‐cellulose composites. The crystallinities for the PLA/α‐cellulose composites that crystallized at 125°C were 48–58%, higher than that of the neat PLA for ～13.5–37.2%. The Avrami exponent n values for the neat and PLA/α‐cellulose composites ranged from 2.50 to 2.81 and from 2.45 to 3.44, respectively, and the crystallization rates K of the PLA/α‐cellulose composites were higher than those of the neat PLA. The activation energies of crystallization for the PLA/α‐cellulose composites were higher than that of the neat PLA. The inclusion of α‐cellulose imparted more nucleating sites to the PLA polymer. Therefore, it was necessary to release additional energy and initiate molecular deposition. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Effect of different compatibilizers on environmentally friendly composites from poly(lactic acid) and diatomaceous earth

Environmentally friendly composites from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and diatomaceous earth (DE) were successfully manufactured by extrusion, followed by injection moulding. DE was used as a filler; several compatibilizer/coupling agents, namely (3‐glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, epoxy styrene acrylic oligomer and maleinized linseed oil, were used to improve polymer–filler interactions. Mechanical characterization was carried out by standard tensile, impact and hardness tests while morphological characterization of the fractured surfaces was conducted by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The effect of DE was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal behaviour. The results show that the addition of DE provides an improved tensile modulus and induces more brittle composites due to stress concentration phenomena. The addition of compatibilizers in PLA‐DE positively contributes to improve ductile properties, thus leading to high environmental efficiency materials with balanced mechanical properties. Specifically, the compatibility improvement between the PLA and DE was good with maleinized linseed oil and contributed to improving the impact strength, which is a key factor in PLA‐based composites due to the intrinsic brittleness of neat PLA. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

偶联剂对PLA/PBAT/WF复合材料3D打印性能的影响

以聚乳酸（PLA）和聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT）为基体,杨木粉（WF）为填充增强材料,使用混炼机熔融共混制备PLA/PBAT/WF复合材料,采用熔融沉积成型（FDM）技术制备标准实验试样,通过扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱分析、旋转流变测试以及力学试验等方法,研究不同含量的硅烷偶联剂KH550对PLA/PBAT共混物以及PLA/PBAT/WF的相容性、流变性及力学性能的影响。结果表明,在偶联剂用量为3 %（质量分数,下同）时,拉伸强度提高了136 %;偶联剂KH550与 PLA和PBAT共价键偶联生成接枝聚合物,二者相容性得到提高;同时偶联剂与WF表面羟基发生缩聚反应有效的改善了其与PLA/PBAT的基体相容性,PLA/PBAT/WF复合材料的FDM的制件力学性能得到较大提升;复合材料的黏度随偶联剂含量的增加呈下降的趋势,含量为3 %时线材的综合打印性能及制品质量最佳。     

Mechanical properties of biodegradable composites from poly lactic acid (PLA) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)

Biodegradable composites were prepared using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as the reinforcement and polylactic acid (PLA) as a matrix. PLA is polyester of lactic acid and MCC is cellulose derived from high quality wood pulp by acid hydrolysis to remove the amorphous regions. The composites were prepared with different MCC contents, up to 25 wt %, and wood flour (WF) and wood pulp (WP) were used as reference materials. Generally, the MCC/PLA composites showed lower mechanical properties compared to the reference materials. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) showed that the storage modulus was increased with the addition of MCC. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies on the materials showed that the composites were less crystalline than the pure components. However, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of materials showed that the MCC was remaining as aggregates of crystalline cellulose fibrils, which explains the poor mechanical properties. Furthermore, the fracture surfaces of MCC composites were indicative of poor adhesion between MCC and the PLA matrix. Biodegradation studies in compost soil at 58°C showed that WF composites have better biodegradability compared to WP and MCC composites. The composite performances are expected to improve by separation of the cellulose aggregates to microfibrils and with improved adhesion. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2014–2025, 2005