1-丁烯产品生产工艺路线的探讨

本文介绍了1-丁烯生产工艺,重点说明了混合C4法中脱除异丁烯和丁二烯的工艺方法,并结合实际情况,探讨了生产1-丁烯的工艺路线,涉及脱除了二烯的完全加氢法和脱除异丁烯的三种方法:水合-选择性叠合反应法、水合-醚化反应法和聚合-醚化反应法。通过综合比较,确定了1-丁烯生产的最佳工艺路线。     

生产合成除虫菊酯原料的新工艺

美国菲利浦斯石油公司在试验-条生产-甲基-1-丁烯的新工艺路线。3—甲基—1—丁烯是一种生产合成除虫菊脂时使用的专用烯烃。经羧基合成反应制得的异戊醇(3-甲基1-丁醇)以r氧化铝为摧化剂通过催化脱水反应转化力3—甲基—1—丁烯。该工艺路线仍使用现有的设备。(陆)     

1-丁烯的分离与综合利用

1-丁烯产品主要由碳四馏分分离而来,其生产和应用都具有广阔的发展空间。介绍了1-丁烯的来源及国内外分离工艺现状,对其下游产品的开发利用进行了概述,通过对1-丁烯分离方案的对比并结合我国1-丁烯生产情况对独石化公司建设1-丁烯装置提出了建议。     

1-丁烯分离工艺的技术对比

介绍1-丁烯分离技术,建议在MTBE后建立1-丁烯分离装置。推荐了MTBE后的炼油厂C4综合利用的技术路线,并进行了经济效益估算。     

l—丁烯产品生产工艺路线的探讨

本文介绍了1—丁烯生产工艺，重点说明了混合C4法中脱除异丁烯和丁二烯的工艺方法，并结合实际情况，探讨了生产1—丁烯的工艺路线，涉及脱除了二烯的完全加氢法和脱除异丁烯的三种方法：水合—选择性叠合反应法、水合—醚化反应法和聚合—醚化反应法。通过综合比较，确定了1—丁烯生产的最佳工艺路线。     

碳四选择性加氢反应条件优化的研究

混合碳四是石脑油或轻柴油高温裂解后的产物,其组成主要是1,3-丁二烯,顺-2-丁烯,反-2-丁烯,1-丁烯以及少量的烷烃和炔烃等.我公司的碳四装置利用混合碳四来生产高附加值的1-丁烯和MTBE.在碳四加氢装置的运行过程中我们发现1-丁烯的收率还有提高的空间,在保持装置稳定的基础上对装置的反应条件(温度)进行了优化,提高了催化剂的活性和选择性,从而使1-丁烯的收率得到了显著提高,增幅平均达到5%.本文通过对反应条件的初步优化来探讨反应条件对1-丁烯收率的影响.     

加快国内1-己烯生产促进聚乙烯的发展

介绍了国外生产1-己烯的主要技术路线及国内今后市场需求,采用1-己烯作为共聚单体的线型低密度聚乙烯树脂在性能上优于用1-丁烯作共聚单体所得的树脂,建议国内尽快解决1-己烯的建设和生产,以加快聚乙烯树脂的发展。     

硫酸法烷基化原料的预处理工艺

对用碳四做原料生产烷基化汽油的杂质影响和处理工艺路线选择进行探讨,所选预处理工艺技术在国内某600kt/a异辛烷装置得到工业应用,处理后的烷基化原料中丁二烯、二甲醚、甲醇含量均降至50ppm以下,完全满足进料要求。同时,其1-丁烯异构化为2-丁烯的异构化率大于70%,丁烯收率大于98%。     

拟除虫菊酯烯烃新生产路线

<正> 菲力浦石油公司发展了一种特制烯烃3甲基-1-丁烯的生产路线,这是用于合成拟虫菊酯的主要原料。该公司已试生产了10万磅这种烯烃,以试探市场的需求情况。该公司是用3甲基-1-丁醇(异戊醇)脱去水而合成3甲基-1-丁烯的。这种醇可以从氧代反应(OXO reaction)或从燃烧油中取得。     

DMTO装置副产物C_4综合利用工艺的选择与应用

分析了中国科学院大连化学物理研究所甲醇制烯烃(DMTO)装置副产物混合C_4的原料组成特点,介绍了2-丙基庚醇(2-PH)、丙烯的市场状况和目前成熟的工艺技术。借鉴石油化工领域利用混合C_4的经验,根据2-PH、丙烯产品的市场前景及技术成熟度,结合生产聚乙烯对1-丁烯共聚单体需求的现状,提出了利用混合C_4生产甲基叔丁基醚、1-丁烯,最终利用烯烃转换工艺将大部分2-丁烯转换为丙烯。对比了2-PH、丙烯产品的市场前景、投资、效益等,针对DMTO工艺中综合利用C_4制丙烯路线提出了建议。     

Effect of n-Butane and propane on performance and emission characteristics of an SI engine operated with DME-blended LPG fuel

In this study, a spark ignition engine operated with DME-blended LPG fuel was studied experimentally. In particular, the effect of n-Butane and propane on performance, emissions characteristics (including hydrocarbon, CO, and NOx), and the combustion stability of an SI engine fuelled with DME-blended LPG fuel were examined. Four kinds of test fuel with different blend ratios of n-Butane, propane, and DME were used. The percentage of DME in the fuel blend was 20% by mass.The results showed that stable engine operation was possible for a wide range of engine loads with propane containing LPG/DME-blended fuel rather than n-Butane containing LPG/DME-blended fuel since the octane number of propane is higher than that of n-Butane. Also, engine power output, break specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and combustion stability when operating with propane containing DME-blended fuel were comparable to those values in case of pure LPG fuel operation. Engine power output was decreased and BSFC was increased with n-Butane containing DME-blended fuel due to the lower energy density of DME. To examine the effect of n-Butane and propane on emissions and fuel economy in an actual vehicle, a vehicle was tested during an FTP-75 cycle. Through the emission and fuel economy test in the FTP-75 cycle, we conclude that the differences in emission level and fuel economy were not significant according to the blend of n-Butane, propane, and DME.Considering the experimental results from the engine bench and the actual vehicle, the 20% content of DME-blended fuel, regardless of LPG type, can be used as an alternative fuel for LPG.     

Recent research progress on bio-oil conversion into bio-fuels and raw chemicals: a review

Recent advances in lignocellulosic biomass valorization for producing fuels and commodities (olefins and BTX aromatics) are gathered in this paper, with a focus on the conversion of bio-oil (produced by fast pyrolysis of biomass). The main valorization routes are: (i) conditioning of bio-oil (by esterification, aldol condensation, ketonization, in situ cracking, and mild hydrodeoxygenation) for its use as a fuel or stable raw material for further catalytic processing; (ii) production of fuels by deep hydrodeoxygenation; (iii) ex situ catalytic cracking (in line) of the volatiles produced in biomass pyrolysis, aimed at the selective production of olefins and aromatics; (iv) cracking of raw bio-oil in units designed with specific objectives concerning selectivity; and (v) processing in fluidized bed catalytic cracking (FCC) units. This review deals with the technological evolution of these routes, in terms of catalysts, reaction conditions, reactors, and product yields. A study has been carried out on the current state-of-knowledge of the technological capacity, advantages and disadvantages of the different routes, as well as on the prospects for the implementation of each route within the scope of the Sustainable Refinery. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

水氯镁石制备金属镁的过程集成与能量分析

以无水氯化镁和氧化镁作为中间产物,电解和热还原为两个关键方法,集成各种相关过程,构建了从水氯镁石到金属镁的综合过程网络,其中涉及24个物种、20个化学过程和25个工艺路线;建立了最低能耗分析模型用于简单和复合过程的能量分析;利用物质的标准生成焓和多温等压摩尔热容,计算得出全部反应过程及工艺过程的能量消耗和热量移除。结果表明基于还原法的最优路径是水氯镁石用石灰法转为氢氧化镁,进而煅烧成氧化镁,再铝热还原成金属镁,该过程能耗360.15 kJ/mol,放出热量–315.46 kJ/mol;基于电解法的最优路径是石灰乳法生成氢氧化镁,再煅烧成氧化镁,通过在熔融电解质中电解生成金属镁,该过程能耗738.54 kJ/mol,放出热量–135.42 kJ/mol。无水氯化镁制备耗能高,不在最优路径中。     

生物质衍生物催化转化制喷气燃料组分的研究进展

随着我国航空业的不断发展,对喷气燃料的需求也日益增加。在石油危机和环境问题日益严重的背景下,如何可再生地利用生物质资源生产出喷气燃料组分来部分代替传统炼油得到的喷气燃料受到相关科研人员密切关注。从催化的层面入手,本文回顾了利用催化化学方法将生物质衍生物催化制备转化为喷气燃料组分的不同途径,介绍了合成高密度、高辛烷值等高品质喷气燃料组分的新型工艺路线,给出不同糖醇平台的优缺点,如：单官能团化合物平台工艺路线复杂,目的产物选择性低;糠醛和5-羟甲基糠醛平台、乙酰丙酸和γ-戊内酯平台、2-甲基呋喃平台目前工艺较为成熟,已实现工业化。在此基础上,总结分析了目前以糖醇平台催化制备喷气燃料组分的研究状况,指出解决单糖到平台化合物大规模生产问题和研发高效、水热稳定性好的加氢脱氧催化剂可能是未来该领域研究的重点。     

The evolution of enzymatic interesterification in the oils and fats industry

Immobilised lipases have now become accepted as a mainstream technology for fat modification. This paper presents the development of this technology in particular for the production of trans‐free fats. One of the factors influencing this development has been concern for health, which has made trans fats a major issue for food manufacturers and consumers. Enzymatic interesterification is a relatively new method for producing trans‐free alternatives for fats used in conventional margarines and shortenings. The development of this technology is examined from the perspective of an eventual industrial application rather than operation only at the laboratory scale. This paper also covers the practical means of operating immobilised enzyme columns and gives examples of how formulations can be adapted to match existing specifications. There are environmental benefits when choosing enzyme technology in comparison with chemical‐based routes. Life cycle assessments have been used to quantify the differences in environmental impact of this new technology. The final process is both capable of providing fats with the correct melting properties but without trans fats and of reducing the environmental impact of fat processing. Finally, the future developments that are anticipated in the applications of this technology are considered.     

HCFC-142b/HFC-143a应用及合成方法

简述了1,1,1-三氟乙烷(HFC-143 a)在混配制冷剂中的应用及1-氯-1,1-二氟乙烷(HCFC-142b)制备聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)原料的应用,详述了HFC-143 a/HCFC-142b的制备工艺,即由起始原料偏氯乙烯(VDC),1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷(HCFC-141b),1,1,1-三氯乙烷(HCC-140),1,1-二氟乙烷(HFC-152 a)为原料的光氯化法。最后得出结论,以VDC为原料的制备HFC-143 a/HCFC-142b工艺适合工业化生产。     

3-苯基-7-氨基香豆素的合成及应用

3 ,7 取代香豆素类荧光增白剂的白度高、耐光性能优良、增白后的制品不带蓝光头或红光头 ,制品外观更悦目 ,具有更高的商业价值 ,广泛用在纺织印染业和塑料加工业。这类荧光增白剂生产工艺较复杂 ,国内对此研究不多 ,目前达到工业化规模生产的几乎还是空白 ,国内市场需要的品种都是从国外进口 ,具有潜在的市场前景。而 3 苯基 7 氨基香豆素是合成该类荧光增白剂的重要中间体 ,本文介绍了 4种合成该中间体的工艺路线     

沸石分子筛的绿色经济合成研究进展

沸石分子筛具有独特的孔道结构和催化活性,是目前应用较为广泛的催化材料之一。沸石分子筛一般在有机模板剂体系中采用水热晶化法合成,导致合成成本高、生产效率低和环境污染等问题。因此,沸石分子筛的绿色经济合成具有重要意义。主要从合成体系模板剂、合成原料和合成方法重点阐述国内外绿色合成的新进展及目前存在的主要问题。     

聚丁烯－1技术进展

介绍了国内外聚丁烯－1技术现状，包括聚丁烯－1的Z—N催化剂和茂金属催化剂研究进展，以及聚丁烯－1生产工艺技术．并简要说明了我国聚丁烯－1树脂具有很大的开发潜力。     

环己酮、环己醇制备技术进展

介绍了制备环己醇和环己酮两条工业化路线：(1)通过环己烷氧化制备环己醇和环己酮;(2)通过环己烯水合制备环己醇。还特别介绍了近年来环己烷氧化反应催化剂方面的进展,包括光氧化催化剂,纳米催化剂,Gif催化剂,仿生催化剂,沸石催化剂以及复合催化剂等。并探讨了环己醇和环己酮工业化制备技术将来研究的方向。