基于卟啉类有机染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池结合了染料敏化剂和无机半导体的优势,具有较宽的光谱响应范围,理论光电转换效率高、透明度高、制造工艺简单、成本较低、对原料纯度要求不高、寿命长、对环境友好、应用前景广阔等,因而在最近的二十年中引起人们的广泛兴趣。染料光敏化剂是染料敏化太阳能电池中一个关键的组成部分,起吸收太阳光并向载体转移电子的作用,它的性能将直接影响电池的光电转换效率。文章以卟啉及其配合物为主线,简要介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的基本构造和光电原理,重点介绍了各种卟啉类光敏剂在染料敏化纳米晶太阳能电池中的应用。     

以羧基为吸附基团的meso-卟啉在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

卟啉具有良好的光、热和化学稳定性。这些优异的特性使它在染料敏化太阳能电池领域得到了较为深入的研究。以meso-卟啉敏化剂为主线,介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的基本构造及原理,综述了以羧基为吸附基团的meso-卟啉在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用,讨论了羧基吸附基团对光电转换效率的影响。     

卟啉光敏剂在染料敏化太阳能电池领域的应用

卟啉具有对可见光吸收较强、结构易修饰等特点,这些优异的特性使得它在染料敏化太阳能电池领域得到了较为深入的研究。研究对卟啉分子结构进行修饰来提高光电转换效率,综述了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)中高效卟啉光敏剂的设计与实现的研究进展。     

卟啉类有机化合物在染料敏化太阳能电池的应用研究进展

近年来,染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)由于低价格、易于制造成大面积、具有较宽的光谱响应范围,可接受的理论转换效率、制造工艺简单、对原料纯度要求不高、寿命长、对环境友好、应用前景广阔等优点而备受关注。染料光敏剂是DSSC的核心材料之一,其性能的优劣将对DSSC光电转化效率起着决定性的作用。介绍了DSSC的基本构造和光电原理,综述了作为光敏化剂的各种卟啉类有机化合物在染料敏化纳米晶太阳能电池中的应用。     

太阳能电池中的几种新型敏化剂

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)是近几十年来发展起来的新型的高效率、低成本的电池,而染料敏化剂的性能对DSSC的光电转换效率有重要的影响.介绍了敏化剂对TiO2的敏化作用机理,并着重概述了染料太阳能电池中的几种新型敏化剂的设计合成,在此基础上,指出研制高光电转换效率、成本低廉、环境友好、具有良好稳定性的敏化剂是未来敏化剂...     

天然染料在染料敏化太阳能电池中的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)为无机固态光伏电池提供了可靠的可代替概念。染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率主要依赖于纳米晶多孔半导体TiO2薄膜电极的染料。由于天然染料的低成本和工艺制备简单的优点,天然染料作为敏化剂已成为DSSC研究热点。作为DSSC的敏化剂的天然染料,如花青素类、胡萝卜素类、叶绿素类、类黄酮,可从不同植物不同部分提取出。主要介绍和讨论天然敏化剂的发展和实用化必须解决的关键问题。     

羧基类不对称锌酞菁敏化染料的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池是太阳能电池的重要发展方向之一,染料敏化剂是影响电池光电转换效率的重要因素。探讨了染料敏化太阳能电池中羧基类不对称锌酞菁作为光敏剂的研究进展及其成果,提出对未来发展的展望。     

染料敏化纳米晶薄膜太阳能电池用染料敏化剂的研究进展

染料敏化剂的性能是影响染料敏化太阳能电池光电转化效率的重要因素,关于染料敏化剂的研究是当前研究的热点之一。本文简要介绍了染料敏化剂在染料敏化纳米晶太阳能电池中的作用以及各种染料敏化剂的优缺点及发展现状,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

染料敏化太阳能电池中染料敏化剂研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池是目前的研究热点,本文对染料敏化太阳能电池中染料敏化剂的研究状况进行了综述,对于目前染料敏化太阳能电池研究进展进行了阐述,将染料敏化剂进行了分类,针对金属类染料、卟啉酞菁染料及有机染料分别就其转化效率、优缺点进行了讨论。     

四氮唑锚定卟啉用于染料敏化太阳能电池

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)是利用太阳能进行开发光电转换的新型装置,受到人们广泛关注。将四氮唑基团作为染料敏化太阳能电池的锚定分子,具有共轭性强和较好的电子传递效应的特点。研究了3种不同金属的四氮唑基团锚定,并对其合成、光学、电化学性能进行研究。结果表明锌四氮唑卟啉具有较好的光捕获性能,是用于太阳能电池的较优材料。     

含吡啶钌金属有机染料敏化剂的研究进展

在染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)中,染料敏化剂用以吸收光子,具有较宽光谱吸收范围,它直接决定了电池的能量转换效率,因而近年来得到飞速发展。文章简要的介绍了含吡啶钌染料敏化剂的优缺点及发展现状,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

The Effects of Co-Sensitization and Electronic Structure of Nanocrystalline N/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Anode on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

N/TiO₂ nanocrystalline film anodes were obtained by doping nonmetallic element N which could change the LUMO of anode. This paper also studied the match between the LUMO energy lever of N/TiO₂ anode and the dye, which led to the easy injection of electron from the excited state of dye molecule to the conduction band of semiconductor, and thus improved the photoelectric conversion efficiency and reduced the impedance of solar cells. The solar cell based on N/TiO₂ anode film co-sensitized by P3HT (poly(3-hexylthiophene))/N719(RuL2(NCS)2:2TBA (L = 2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid)), the absorption region of which covered the entire visible region in solar cells, showed a short-circuit current density of 6.88 mA cm⁻², an open-circuit voltage of 0.616 V, and a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 2.34%.     

基于光谱选择的太阳电池被动冷却材料研究进展

太阳电池的光电转换效率随着组件温度升高而降低,适当冷却可以改善电池效率,延长使用寿命,因此人们对运行中太阳电池的冷却问题越来越关注。相比主动冷却,太阳电池的被动冷却具有自我维持和无额外能耗等优势,近年来被广泛研究。其中基于光谱选择的被动冷却主要包括两个方面:一是选择性地屏蔽太阳辐射(0.3~2.5 μm)中的亚带隙光,减小吸收热,但保持光电响应波段光的高透射率;二是提高光伏表面中红外波段(4~25 μm)的发射率,提升寄生热的辐射散热能力。本文从光谱选择的角度出发,对促进太阳电池降温的太阳光谱选择、辐射制冷及全光谱选择的材料和结构进行了归纳和总结。通过刻蚀、溅射、辊涂等方法在玻璃表面制备的光谱选择材料可以屏蔽太阳光谱中不激发光电效应的波段,增强中红外辐射制冷能力,从而有效降低光伏温度和提高光电转换效率。此外,文章还对被动式制冷材料的产业化潜力进行了展望,为相关的开发提供参考。     

稀土上转换发光材料在太阳能电池中的应用

传统的太阳能电池只能吸收能量大于半导体能隙的光子,能量小于半导体能隙的光子因为无法被吸收而被浪费掉,这一部分的能量损失高达50%。将上转换发光材料应用于太阳能电池中,将增加电池对能量小于半导体能隙的光子的吸收,极大提高太阳能电池的光电转换效率。稀土掺杂的上转换发光材料以其能够吸收红外光转换为可见光的独特性质,受到了国内外研究学者的广泛关注。这篇文章介绍了上转换发光材料的发光机制,以及近些年来稀土上转换发光材料在太阳能电池领域中的应用,包括硅基太阳能电池,染料敏化太阳能电池及钙钛矿太阳能电池。对稀土上转换发光材料在太阳能电池中应用所面临的困难以及潜在的解决方案做了总结与展望,有利于后续研究对稀土上转换发光材料在太阳能电池上的应用方向的探索,为提高太阳能电池的光电转化效率提供新思路,推进太阳能电池的大规模市场化应用。     

3种紫细菌天然光合色素敏化DSSC光电转化性能

基于自然界光合作用机理的DSSC研究备受关注。不产氧光合细菌中的紫细菌是研究光合作用机理的良好模式生物。从3种典型紫细菌中获得了7种具有不同吸光范围、极性和结构的细菌叶绿素a（BChl a）和类胡萝卜素（Car）以及3种改性BChl a。在此基础上,较系统地比较了天然与改性BChl a、多组分与单一组分Car、BChl a色素浓度、BChl a和Car共敏对DSSC光电性能的影响,并对色素与半导体材料的相互作用进行了表征。结果表明：100 mW·cm^-2入射光强下,在不添加任何分散剂（spacer）的条件下,具有近红外吸收的天然BChl a光电转化性能较优,光电转换效率为1.26%。单一组分Car比多组分Car具有较高的光电性能,玫红品Car光电转换效率最佳。BChl a敏化TiO₂薄膜电极,吸收光谱红移,800 nm特征荧光淬灭。BChl a与Car共敏TiO₂薄膜电极,拓宽了可见光吸收光谱,短路电流和光电转换效率比BChl a提高了12%和7.3%。紫细菌天然色素廉价易得、环境友好,不仅能吸收可见光,而且能有效利用红外光,这对研制响应可见光-近红外的太阳能电池光电器件具有重要参考价值。     

Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of main chain polymeric metal complexes containing 8‐hydroxyquinoline metal complexes conjugating alkyl fluorene or alkoxy benzene by CN bridge for dye‐sensitized solar cells

Four main chain polymeric metal complexes ( P1–P4 ) based on 8‐hydroxyquinoline metal complexes have been synthesized by the Heck coupling and characterized by gel‐permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton‐nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis, ultraviolet–visible absorption, photoluminescence spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and cyclic voltammetry. The applications of these polymers as dye sensitizers in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are also studied. The study results show that the solar cells have good device performance with power conversion efficiency of P1–P4 up to 2.17, 2.04, 2.45, and 2.18%, respectively. The highest power conversion efficiency of DSSCs is up to 2.45%, for P3 consisting of alkoxy benzene unit and Cd–metal complex under the illumination of air mass 1.5 G, 100 mW cm⁻². POLYM. COMPOS., 34:1629–1639, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

染料敏化纳米晶太阳能电池的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池是近些年发展起来的新型、高效、低成本的光电池。而起到负载敏化剂以及收集、传输电子作用的光阳极是关系到该电池性能的重要组成部分,且敏化的效果是整个光电池光电转换效率的关键。从染料敏化纳米晶太阳能电池（DSSD s）的结构和工作原理出发,详细阐述了光阳极敏化、敏化剂选择及分类和敏化方法,并对光阳极及其敏化的可能发展趋势做了简要叙述。     

A Novel Alkoxysilyl Azobenzene Dye Photosensitizer with Alkylamino Group for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

A newly designed alkoxysilyl azobenzene dye with alkylamino group, 4-diethoxyphenylsilyl-4′-dimethylaminoazobenzene, was synthesized and examined as the photosensitizer for a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The novel azobenzene dye exhibited a strong absorption band in the visible region, and the solar cell using the dye as the sensitizer showed an incident monochromatic photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) value of 66 % at 440 nm and a light-to-electric energy conversion efficiency of 2.2 % under simulated sunlight irradiation of AM-1.5G one sun condition. The energy conversion efficiency obtained here is the highest value among those reported so far for azobenzene-sensitized solar cells, indicating the potential of alkoxysilyl dyes as photosensitizers for DSSCs.     

Plasmonic antenna effects on photochemical reactions

Efficient solar energy conversion has been vigorously pursued since the 1970s, but its large-scale implementation hinges on the availability of high-efficiency modules. For maximum efficiency, it is important to absorb most of the incoming radiation, which necessitates both efficient photoexcitation and minimal electron-hole recombination. To date, researchers have primarily focused on the latter difficulty: finding a strategy to effectively separate photoinduced electrons and holes. Very few reports have been devoted to broadband sunlight absorption and photoexcitation. However, the currently available photovoltaic cells, such as amorphous silicon, and even single-crystal silicon and sensitized solar cells, cannot respond to the wide range of the solar spectrum. The photoelectric conversion characteristics of solar cells generally decrease in the infrared wavelength range. Thus, the fraction of the solar spectrum absorbed is relatively poor. In addition, the large mismatch between the diffraction limit of light and the absorption cross-section makes the probability of interactions between photons and cell materials quite low, which greatly limits photoexcitation efficiency. Therefore, there is a pressing need for research aimed at finding conditions that lead to highly efficient photoexcitation over a wide spectrum of sunlight, particularly in the visible to near-infrared wavelengths. As characterized in the emerging field of plasmonics, metallic nanostructures are endowed with optical antenna effects. These plasmonic antenna effects provide a promising platform for artificially sidestepping the diffraction limit of light and strongly enhancing absorption cross-sections. Moreover, they can efficiently excite photochemical reactions between photons and molecules close to an optical antenna through the local field enhancement. This technology has the potential to induce highly efficient photoexcitation between photons and molecules over a wide spectrum of sunlight, from visible to near-infrared wavelengths. In this Account, we describe our recent work in using metallic nanostructures to assist photochemical reactions for augmenting photoexcitation efficiency. These studies investigate the optical antenna effects of coupled plasmonic gold nanoblocks, which were fabricated with electron-beam lithography and a lift-off technique to afford high resolution and nanometric accuracy. The two-photon photoluminescence of gold and the resulting nonlinear photopolymerization on gold nanoblocks substantiate the existence of enhanced optical field domains. Local two-photon photochemical reactions due to weak incoherent light sources were identified. The optical antenna effects support the unprecedented realization of (i) direct photocarrier injection from the gold nanorods into TiO(2) and (ii) efficient and stable photocurrent generation in the absence of electron donors from visible (450 nm) to near-infrared (1300 nm) wavelengths.