阻燃剂三[2-三(氯乙氧基)硅酰氧基乙基]异氰尿酸酯的合成

以三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯(赛克,THEIC)、四氯化硅与环氧乙烷为原料,合成三[2-三(氯乙氧基)硅酰氧基乙基]异氰尿酸酯。考察了溶剂、反应温度与原料配比对产率的影响。得出最佳工艺条件为:n(四氯化硅)∶n(环氧乙烷)∶n(赛克)∶n(环氧乙烷)=3∶6∶1∶3.3;四氯化硅先与环氧乙烷在25℃反应1 h,再加入赛克在80℃反应8 h,最后通入环氧乙烷在40℃反应3 h;经纯化产率为94.3%。通过FTIR、1HNMR、TG-DTA分析及极限氧指数表征产物的结构及性能;应用实验表明,该产物含有硅、氮、氯3种阻燃元素,其协同阻燃效能高,适合用作聚氯乙烯等材料的阻燃剂。     

阻燃剂乙二氧撑双硅酸氯乙酯的合成及应用研究

以乙二醇、四氯化硅与环氧乙烷为原料,合成乙二氧撑双硅酸氯乙酯。探讨了溶剂、反应温度与物质的量比对产品产率的影响。最佳工艺条件:四氯化硅、环氧乙烷、乙二醇和环氧乙烷物质的量比为2∶4∶1∶2.1。四氯化硅先与环氧乙烷在30℃反应1 h,再滴入乙二醇于60℃反应6 h,最后再通入环氧乙烷在45℃反应3 h,产品产率为96.2%。通过FTIR、1H NMR、差热分析及极限氧指数等表征了产品的结构及性能;该产品在聚氯乙烯中的阻燃效能高。     

阻燃剂赛克三硅酸氯丙酯的合成及应用研究

以三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯(赛克,THEIC)、四氯化硅与环氧丙烷为原料,合成有机硅酸酯阻燃剂赛克三硅酸氯丙酯。探讨了溶剂、反应温度与物质的量比对产品收率的影响。优化的工艺条件为:四氯化硅、环氧丙烷、赛克和环氧丙烷物质的量比为3∶6∶1∶3.5;四氯化硅先与环氧丙烷在35℃反应1h,而后加入赛克于85℃反应9h,再滴入环氧丙烷于60℃反应4h;产品收率为93.8%。采用FT IR、1 H NMR、差热与极限氧指数技术表征了产品的结构及阻燃等性能;应用实验表明该产品有较好的协同阻燃增效作用,可用于聚氯乙烯、聚氨酯、环氧树脂和不饱和树脂等高分子材料等阻燃剂。     

阻燃剂赛克三硅酸二溴丙酯的合成及应用研究

以三（2-羟乙基）异氰尿酸酯（赛克）、四氯化硅与2,3-二溴丙醇为原料,合成阻燃剂赛克三硅酸二溴丙酯。探讨了溶剂、反应温度与物质的量之比对产物收率的影响,优化的工艺条件：四氯化硅、2,3-二溴丙醇、赛克与2,3-二溴丙醇的量之比为3∶3∶1∶6.7。四氯化硅先与2,3-二溴丙醇在45℃反应2 h,再加入赛克于90℃反应11 h,最后滴入2,3-二溴丙醇保温90℃反应8 h;产物收率为93.3%。通过FTIR、^1H NMR、差热分析及极限氧指数等表征产物的结构及性能;应用实验表明该产物阻燃效能高,适合作聚氯乙烯（PVC）等材料的阻燃剂。在较佳用量下PVC材料的极限氧指数为25%,具有良好的阻燃性、成炭防滴落性能。     

硅酸三(氯乙基)苯酯的合成及表征

以四氯化硅、苯酚和环氧乙烷为原料,合成新型硅卤协同阻燃增塑剂硅酸三(氯乙基)苯酯。探讨反应物质的量比,反应温度及反应时间等对收率的影响,筛选出最优工艺条件为四氯化硅与苯酚的物质的量比为1∶1,四氯化硅与环氧乙烷的物质的量比为1∶3.2,反应温度为30℃,反应时间为2h,产率为98.5%。并采用FT IR,1 H NMR,极限氧指数等表征化合物硅酸三(氯乙基)苯酯的分子结构及性能。     

硅氯溴三元素协同高效阻燃剂的制备及性能研究

通过三溴苯酚在醇钠的作用下与环氧氯丙烷反应生成三溴苯基环氧丙基醚,三溴苯基环氧丙基醚再与四氯化硅反应生成中间产物三溴苯氧基氯丙氧基三氯化硅,其再与环氧氯丙烷进一步反应,生成具有硅、氯、溴三元素协同阻燃的高效阻燃剂。探讨了反应温度、时间及物质的量比等对产率的影响,得到最适宜的工艺条件:三溴苯基环氧丙基醚与四氯化硅及环氧氯丙烷物质的量比为1:1:3.5,90℃反应8 h,其产率达98.2%。并采用FTIR、1H-NMR、极限氧指数等方法表征了产品的分子结构及阻燃性能等。     

三嗪三硅酸氯丙酯阻燃剂的合成研究

以四氯化硅和三环氧丙基异氰尿酸酯(泰必克,TGIC)为起始原料,首先进行环氧乙烷开环反应,再与环氧丙烷反应生成伞状硅、氯、氮三元素协同高效阻燃剂三嗪三硅酸氯丙酯。探讨反应的物质的量比,反应时间及温度等对产品收率的影响。最佳工艺条件:n(泰必克)∶n(四氯化硅)∶n(环氧丙烷)为1∶3∶10;泰必克与四氯化硅在60℃反应5h,再加入环氧丙烷于55℃反应6h,产率为97.5%。采用FT IR、1 H NMR、极限氧指数等技术表征化合物三嗪三硅酸氯丙酯的分子结构及阻燃性能。     

新型三元素协同阻燃剂硅酸酯的合成与表征

以三溴苯酚、四氯化硅及环氧丙烷为主要原料,合成了含硅、氯、溴三元素协同高效阻燃剂3-三溴苯氧基-2-氯丙氧基硅酸三2-氯丙基酯。探讨了反应温度、时间及物质的量比等对产率的影响,得到最适宜的工艺条件:n(三溴苯基环氧丙基醚)∶n(四氯化硅)∶n(环氧丙烷)为1∶1∶3.3,在70℃反应3h,产率为98.4%。采用FT IR,1 H NMR,极限氧指数等技术表征此硅酸酯化合物的分子结构及阻燃性能等。实验表明产物用于聚氯乙烯等材料有良好的阻燃效果。     

含氯溴硅酸酯阻燃剂的合成及表征

以三溴苯酚、四氯化硅及环氧乙烷为主要原料,通过三溴苯基环氧丙基醚与四氯化硅反应生成中间产物三溴苯氧基氯丙氧基三氯化硅,再与环氧乙烷反应,合成硅、氯、溴三元素协同高效阻燃剂三溴苯氧基氯丙氧基硅酸三(氯乙基)酯。探讨了反应温度、时间、原料摩尔比对产率的影响,得到反应的最佳合成工艺条件:n(三溴苯基环氧丙基醚)∶n(四氯化硅)∶n(环氧乙烷)=1∶1∶3.2,50℃反应4 h,产率达98.6%。采用FTIR、1HNMR表征了产物的分子结构。应用研究表明,在聚氯乙烯中加入质量分数10%该阻燃剂时,其极限氧指数为28%。     

新型硅、氯、溴三元素协同高效阻燃剂的合成与应用

以四溴双酚A双环氧丙基醚、四氯化硅、环氧氯丙烷为主要原料合成新型硅、氯、溴三元素协同高效阻燃剂四溴双酚A双\[三（二氯丙氧基）硅酰氧基氯丙基\]醚,并用其阻燃聚氯乙烯（PVC）。探讨了反应溶剂、温度、时间、摩尔比等对反应及产率的影响,并通过傅里叶红外光谱、核磁共振及极限氧指数等测试手段表征了产物的结构及性能。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为：以乙腈为溶剂,四溴双酚A双环氧丙基醚∶四氯化硅∶环氧氯丙烷的摩尔比为1∶2∶7;四溴双酚A双环氧丙基醚与四氯化硅在70 ℃温度下保温反应4 h,再加入环氧氯丙烷在80 ℃温度下保温反应7 h,产率达99 %;目标产物对PVC有较好的阻燃性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。