猪血球水解蛋白质的功能特性和抗氧化性

该研究以热处理后的猪血球冻干粉为原料,通过碱性蛋白酶酶解制备水解蛋白质,并对所制备的水解蛋白质的功能特性和体外抗氧化活性进行研究。结果表明,该水解蛋白质具有较好的溶解性、吸湿性和保湿性及一定的起泡性,较弱的乳化性和泡沫稳定性,相对分子质量主要分布在2 000~3 000。体外抗氧化研究表明,水解蛋白质能够有效地清除·OH、DPPH·,抑制脂质过氧化,同时具有较强的总抗氧化能力和金属螯合能力。     

水解蛋白灭火剂的研究

介绍以花生提取油脂后所剩花生饼为原料，经碱性条件水解处理，制得多肽液，再加入适量稳定剂、防腐剂后，成为一种具有较好灭火性能的消防材料。经专业人员测试，其发泡倍数为7．6，析液时间7min，灭火时间116s，抗烧时间14min。均符合国家标准。     

从角蛋白中提取水解蛋白的研究

用鸡毛和其它用蛋白为原料．经过水解制提水解蛋白。研究了影响水解反应的因素，给出了制备水解蛋白的最佳工艺条件，并用水解蛋白制备了蛋白泡沫灭火剂和水解蛋白饲料。     

功能保健型酸奶研发及抗氧化性研究进展

本文的主要研究对象为功能性酸奶的研发以及对功能保健型酸奶的抗氧化性进行讨论。酸奶主要通过嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、植物乳杆菌等将牛奶经过发酵而成的,酸奶中含有丰富的蛋白质、钙、维生素B12、维生素B6、维生素B1等营养物质。牛奶进过乳酸菌发酵后食用更有利于人体吸收营养成分,促进人体肠道蠕动,补充肠道有益菌群,调节肠道菌群的动态平衡等功能。而近几年对于酸奶功能性的研究越来越多,也出现了很多功能性好抗氧化活性高的酸奶,但市场上几乎没有此类酸奶,剖析其原因可能有：功能型酸奶其研发工艺尚未成熟;人们对功能性酸奶的认知模糊和对新功能型酸奶的保健性仍然有所顾虑。     

水解蛋白灭火剂的研究

介绍以花生提取油脂后所剩花生饼为原料，经碱性条件水解处理，制得多肽液，再加入适量稳定剂、防腐剂后，成为一种具有较好灭火性能的消防材料。经专业人员测试，其发泡倍数为7．6，析液时间7min，灭火时间116s，抗烧时间14min。均符合国家标准。     

水解蛋白作为酸洗缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能研究

以发酵工业废水为原料提出菌体，将其部分水解后，所得水解蛋白液作为酸洗缓蚀剂，采用失重法研究了它在盐酸、硫酸溶液中对钢、铝的缓蚀效率，认定其在盐酸、硫酸溶液中对钢有较好的缓蚀作用，以及同六次甲基四胺复配后良好的缓蚀协同作用。     

污水处理厂污泥水解蛋白液对平菇生长的影响

污水处理厂污泥含有丰富的蛋白质,但目前大部分没有进行很好地开发利用。本文利用污水处理厂脱水污泥经氢氧化钙水解后的蛋白液对平菇进行基施和喷施试验,测试其对平菇的菌丝生长、产量和生物学效率的影响。结果表明:污泥水解蛋白液能促进平菇菌丝的生长,可提前5~6天出菇;当基施施用量为100 m L/袋时,平菇的生物学效率达到109.3%,增产率可达到25.9%;喷施1000倍污泥水解蛋白液时,平菇的生物学效率达到105.6%,增产率可达到21.6%。     

纳米功能颗粒掺杂玻璃的制备及光学特性

纳米功能颗粒掺杂玻璃具有优异的光学性能，是当前国际光学功能材料研究的热点之一。对纳米功能颗粒(金属和半导体)掺杂玻璃的制备工艺及特点作简单介绍，着重阐述该类复合玻璃的光学特性和应用。结合实验和对文献资料的分析，指出了今后的研究方向和应用前景。     

油菜和荷花蜂花粉提取物的抗氧化性研究

采用超声法,分别以甲醇、水为溶剂提取油菜和荷花的蜂花粉活性成分,通过测定油菜和荷花蜂花粉的提取物对超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基的清除率及对脂质过氧化的抑制率,评价两种蜂花粉的抗氧化能力。结果表明:两种蜂花粉提取物均具有较强的抗氧化作用,油菜蜂花粉提取物比荷花蜂花粉提取物有更强的抗氧化性。油菜蜂花粉甲醇提取物对超氧阴离子自由基、羟基阴离子自由基清除率可达到83.2%,99.2%,对脂质过氧化的抑制率可达到92.2%。将蜂花粉抗氧化提取物分为甲醇部、水部溶剂萃取物,经抗氧化活性比较,其强弱顺序为甲醇部>水部。     

姜中姜辣素和黄酮的提取及抗氧化性研究

利用不同方法从干姜中提取姜辣素和黄酮,测定其含量及抗氧化能力。结果表明,超声法优于纤维素酶法提取姜辣素,超声提取姜辣素的含量和纯度为2.1 mg/g、33.7%,DPPH、ABTS抗氧化IC₅₀分别0.187 mg/mL、0.227 mg/mL,FRAP值为1.16;微波法优于超声法提取黄酮,微波法提取的黄酮含量和纯度为1.14 mg/g、31%,DPPH、ABTS抗氧化IC₅₀分别0.185 mg/mL、0.215 mg/mL,FRAP值为1.29。由结果可知,干姜中姜辣素的含量高于黄酮,姜辣素和黄酮都具有抗氧化能力,但黄酮的抗氧化活性稍高于姜辣素。     

人胎盘血水解液代替人红细胞水解液用作疫苗保护剂的研究

人胎盘血水解液的一般理化指标、氨基酸组成和含量均与人红细胞水解波接近。用其作为麻疹、风疹和腮腺炎疫苗的保护剂，在疫苗冻干前、冻干后及37℃1周后病毒滴度均能达到规程要求。用于制备麻疹和风疹疫苗共200余批，成品病毒滴度和37℃1周后病毒滴度均优于人红细胞水解液，说明人胎盘血水解液完全可以代替人红细胞水解液作为保护剂用于制备麻疹、风疹和腮腺炎疫苗。     

Effect of Peptide Size on Antioxidant Properties of African Yam Bean Seed (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) Protein Hydrolysate Fractions

Enzymatic hydrolysate of African yam bean seed protein isolate was prepared by treatment with alcalase. The hydrolysate was further fractionated into peptide sizes of <1, 1-3, 3-5 and 5-10 kDa using membrane ultrafiltration. The protein hydrolysate (APH) and its membrane ultrafiltration fractions were assayed for in vitro antioxidant activities. The <1 kDa peptides exhibited significantly better (p < 0.05) ferric reducing power, diphenyl-1-picryhydradzyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities when compared to peptide fractions of higher molecular weights. The high activity of <1 kDa peptides in these antioxidant assay systems may be related to the high levels of total hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids. In comparison to glutathione (GSH), the APH and its membrane fractions had significantly higher (p < 0.05) ability to chelate metal ions. In contrast, GSH had significantly greater (p < 0.05) ferric reducing power and free radical scavenging activities than APH and its membrane fractions. The APH and its membrane fractions effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation, results that were concentration dependent. The activity of APH and its membrane fractions against linoleic acid oxidation was higher when compared to that of GSH but lower than that of butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT). The results show potential use of APH and its membrane fractions as antioxidants in the management of oxidative stress-related metabolic disorders and in the prevention of lipid oxidation in food products.     

酶法提取猪血中血红素的工艺研究

研究了酶法提取猪血中血红素的工艺条件,确定了用20万U·g-1中性蛋白酶从猪血中提取血红素的最佳工艺条件为:加酶量2%、底物浓度5%、酶解温度50℃、酶解时间10 h,在此条件下,血红素的相对得率达到77.2%.     

Toxic Compound,Anti-Nutritional Factors and Functional Properties of Protein Isolated from Detoxified Jatropha curcas Seed Cake

Jatropha curcas is a multipurpose tree, which has potential as an alternative source for biodiesel. All of its parts can also be used for human food, animal feed, fertilizer, fuel and traditional medicine. J. curcas seed cake is a low-value by-product obtained from biodiesel production. The seed cake, however, has a high amount of protein, with the presence of a main toxic compound: phorbol esters as well as anti-nutritional factors: trypsin inhibitors, phytic acid, lectin and saponin. The objective of this work was to detoxify J. curcas seed cake and study the toxin, anti-nutritional factors and also functional properties of the protein isolated from the detoxified seed cake. The yield of protein isolate was approximately 70.9%. The protein isolate was obtained without a detectable level of phorbol esters. The solubility of the protein isolate was maximal at pH 12.0 and minimal at pH 4.0. The water and oil binding capacities of the protein isolate were 1.76 g water/g protein and 1.07 mL oil/g protein, respectively. The foam capacity and stability, including emulsion activity and stability of protein isolate, had higher values in a range of basic pHs, while foam and emulsion stabilities decreased with increasing time. The results suggest that the detoxified J. curcas seed cake has potential to be exploited as a novel source of functional protein for food applications.     

Composition, Structure and Functional Properties of Protein Concentrates and Isolates Produced from Walnut (Juglans regia L.)

In this study, composition, structure and the functional properties of protein concentrate (WPC) and protein isolate (WPI) produced from defatted walnut flour (DFWF) were investigated. The results showed that the composition and structure of walnut protein concentrate (WPC) and walnut protein isolate (WPI) were significantly different. The molecular weight distribution of WPI was uniform and the protein composition of DFWF and WPC was complex with the protein aggregation. H(0) of WPC was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of DFWF and WPI, whilst WPI had a higher H(0) compared to DFWF. The secondary structure of WPI was similar to WPC. WPI showed big flaky plate like structures; whereas WPC appeared as a small flaky and more compact structure. The most functional properties of WPI were better than WPC. In comparing most functional properties of WPI and WPC with soybean protein concentrate and isolate, WPI and WPC showed higher fat absorption capacity (FAC). Emulsifying properties and foam properties of WPC and WPI in alkaline pH were comparable with that of soybean protein concentrate and isolate. Walnut protein concentrates and isolates can be considered as potential functional food ingredients.     

猪血蛋白水解液氨基酸成分分析

以新鲜猪血为原料,制得了猪血蛋白干粉,选用三种不同类别的蛋白酶在适宜的条件下水解猪血蛋白干粉,并得到精制水解蛋白液。用氨基酸分析仪检测水解液中氨基酸种类及含量,并与医用脑蛋白液进行比较分析。结果表明胰蛋白酶水解效果最好,水解液成分与医用脑蛋白液成分比较接近。