创新者最优许可数量决策与信心指数调节作用

建立创新价值占有的 Biform 博弈模型和设定创新者的信心指数,讨论信心指数的调节作用如何影响创新者最优偏好的许可数量选择及最大预期价值占有.研究表明,创新者价值的预期占有是关于其创新许可数量选择的分段线性连续函数,受信心指数的调节.随着信心指数的增加,创新者最优偏好的创新许可数量和最大预期的价值占有都不断增加.最后,通过一个具体的案例验证了主要结论的正确性.     

服务创新及其价值分配的研究

将两阶段混合博弈模型应用于制造企业中服务价值创造与分配的研究.基于分配比例规则建立了服务供求双方的博弈模型.博弈方根据自身利益最大化参与价值的创造,损害了整体价值的最大化.在原有的博弈均衡下设计一个新的价值分配规则:创新者完全获取由于创新带来的价值.双方采用一种交替创新的服务价值创新实现途径,经过轮流创新的动态途径使得总体价值创造最大化.最后证明了动态创新过程的收敛性,给出了双方创新价值的分配形式.     

偏好匹配满意度最大化的众包任务分配

众包任务分配机制对众包任务完成质量起着至关重要的作用,然而现有的分配方法未在稳定性条件下考虑众包用户双边偏好,分配结果的准确性有待提高,并且存在众包用户因不满意当前分配对象而导致众包任务完成质量较低的问题。为此提出一种基于偏好匹配的众包任务分配方法,该方法首先考虑众包任务与工人的双边偏好,根据偏好序计算任务与工人的满意度,生成满意度矩阵;其次,该方法借鉴稳定匹配思想在考虑分配主体偏好的基础上,使分配主体对当前分配对象尽可能满意,以保障分配结果的稳定性;然后,将众包任务分配问题建模为稳定匹配规则下寻找任务最大满意度的优化问题;最后,使用贪心算法对该问题进行求解,得到众包任务分配方案。通过实验验证了该方法的有效性,实验结果表明,该方法提高了分配方案的准确性,并有效减少了无效分配的数量,从而提高了众包任务完成质量。     

外包、自研还是交叉授权?-----OEM互补性技术策略选择

考虑处于市场竞争的两个OEM的互补性技术策略选择问题,每个OEM只掌握一种互补性技术,且二者研发能力存在异质性,而产品的生产需两种互补性技术的结合.针对各自缺乏的技术,构建OEM的外包、自研和交叉授权3种技术策略选择模型,通过比较3种情形下的均衡结果,识别出OEM的最优技术策略选择.研究表明:具有技术优势的OEM进行技术外包时,始终存在创新抑制,然而如果它拥有极强的研发能力,外包比自研更有利;当强势方的授权程度较低并且弱势方授权程度适中时,两个OEM偏好独立研发,将放弃交叉授权;相比技术外包,技术领先的OEM对交叉授权的态度更积极,反之亦然;OEM的技术策略偏好取决于技术研发能力差异和交叉授权效应,仅有自研或交叉授权可能成为OEM的共同最优策略.     

基于个体偏好语义表述的群体协同人员优化配置方法

考虑到个体人员偏好的选择和配置对于群体协同的重要影响,提出了一种基于个体偏好语义表述的群体协同人员优化配置方法.首先,建立了人员个性偏好模型和群体协同的客观评价体系;然后,针对人员选择分配中出现的冲突问题,将协同人员的偏好语义表述转化成逻辑关系来协同人员配置,通过对逻辑关系的全局满意度矢量偏序图的分析,建立了群体优化协同人员选择与分配的方案.通过一个实例分析,说明了所提方法的有效性.     

群决策中多阶段多元判断偏好的集结方法研究

研究群决策过程中决策者基干多个决策阶段、多种结构形式的判断偏好集结方法.基于互反判断偏好与互补判断偏好的转化公式,将多种类偏好的结构一致化;利用决策者判断偏好的一致性水平和与群体综合偏好偏差的距离,提出了确定决策者权重的方法;建立了基于决策先验信息的多阶段偏好集结的决策阶段赋权模型.根据各决策阶段的权重,将多阶段判断偏好集结成群体综合偏好.     

考虑用户偏好和平台收益的共享泊位分配模型

与机动车数量激增类似,泊位短缺也是导致城市交通拥堵主要问题之一,在不增加车位的情况下提高泊车位利用率也是解决交通拥堵的一种方法。针对城市“泊车难”和部分泊车场利用率较低的问题,考虑了用户的偏好特征,研究了一种具有用户偏好的泊车位共享策略。考虑存在三种不同的泊车方式,在中央商务区（CBD）等待泊车、共享私人泊位、共享公共泊位,运用累积前景理论分析用户的泊车成本,发现用户在不同情形下的选择存在差异。平台通过对关键路径法修改,采用了偏好分组法进行分配。算例对偏好分组的结果与采用关键路径法的分配结果进行了比较,结果表明,基于偏好分组法的分配满足了更多的用户需求,平台收益更高,为管理者提供决策参考。     

群决策中多阶段多元判断偏好的集结方法研究

研究群决策过程中决策者基于多个决策阶段,多种结构形式的判断偏好集结方法.基于互反判断偏好与互补判断偏好的转化公式,将多种类偏好的结构一致化;利用决策者判断偏好的一致性水平和与群体综合偏好偏差的距离,提出了确定决策者权重的方法;建立了基于决策先验信息的多阶段偏好集结的决策阶段赋权模型.根据各决策阶段的权重,将多阶段判断偏好集结成群体综合偏好.

     

单向航道下连续泊位分配与船舶调度集成优化

为改善单向航道连续泊位港口的运营效率,研究泊位分配与船舶进出港调度集成优化.考虑潮汐、进出港时段交替与偏好泊位的影响,建立0-1整数线性规划模型,以船舶偏离偏好泊位成本和滞期成本为优化目标,确定各艘船舶的靠泊位置与进出港时刻.针对问题情境和其特有的约束条件,将原数学模型通过Dantzig-Wolfe分解方法分成主问题模...     

物流资源整合系统的两阶段利益分配策略研究

为获取公平合理的利益分配方案,提出了基于物流资源稀缺性和任务绩效的物流资源整合系统两阶段利益分配模型。第一阶段考虑物流资源稀缺性,针对一般资源提供商和战略资源提供商分别采用一级密封价格拍卖、Shapley值法的分配策略,获取初始利益分配方案;第二阶段考虑物流资源提供商完成物流子任务的绩效对初始利益分配方案进行修正,建立物流子任务的绩效评价指标体系,利用模糊综合评价法计算物流子任务的绩效系数,获得最终的利益分配方案。以商品车配送任务为例验证该利益分配模型不仅有助于实现物流资源的优化配置,而且激励物流资源提供商提高物流任务绩效水平。     

Innovation among different classes of software development organizations

Software development organizations (SDOs) innovate in diverse ways. In this paper, based on an extensive review of innovation typologies, we develop a theory‐driven typology of SDO innovator classes. We theorize about the driving forces behind these classes, with specific attention given to knowledge‐based dispositions that relate to the SDO's knowledge‐based competencies in technology appropriation, technology generation, and network intensity within ecological niches. Through a survey of 136 SDOs, which adopted Internet technologies during 1995‐2006, we empirically verify that these classes also determine different ways that SDOs innovate around software services they provide to their clients. Our findings suggest that the knowledge‐based dispositions of different SDO innovator classes impact how they innovate. Overall, the study involves theorizing around different types of innovation behaviours and associated knowledge‐based factors that influence the way SDOs innovate.     

Relationship-specific investment,value creation,and value appropriation in cooperative innovation

The rapid development of information technology (IT) makes it possible for different organizations to ally with each other for cooperative innovation. In this paper, two critical issues involved in enterprise cooperation are addressed: (1) how organization value is added via cooperative business and how the profit from the cooperation is appropriated among the cooperators; and (2) how the cooperative innovation can be implemented effectively. The resource-based view is combined with the transaction cost theory, the equity theory, and the risk-return theory to analyze the influence of the relationship-specific investment (RSI) on the value creation and appropriation in cooperation. Based on our theoretical analysis, a number of hypotheses are made to measure the influence and these hypotheses are tested using empirical data collected from 187 high-tech enterprises in the Northeast region of China. The verification has shown that RSI allows information sharing among collaborators for effective coordination and thus improves the performance of cooperative innovation. RSI positively affects the value appropriation based on investors’ contributions and the risk level involved in the cooperation. RSI increases the value appropriation through the performance promotion effect in cooperation. Minor adverse impact is identified on investor’s dependence. In addition, value creation positively affects value appropriation. The drawn conclusion is significant for developing cooperative innovations under the circumstance in which IT is widely applied to enterprises’ business environment.     

Managing Distributed Innovation: Strategic Utilization of Open and User Innovation

Research from a variety of perspectives has argued that innovation no longer takes place within a single organization, but rather is distributed across multiple stakeholders in a value network. Here we contrast the vertically integrated innovation model to open innovation, user innovation, as well as other distributed processes (cumulative innovation, communities or social production, and co‐creation), while we also discuss open source software and crowdsourcing as applications of the perspectives. We consider differences in the nature of distributed innovation, as well as its origins and its effects. From this, we contrast the predictions of the perspectives on the sources, motivation and value appropriation of external innovation, and thereby provide a framework for the strategic management of distributed innovation.     

电信商业模式业务创新的共赢机制研究

通过文献总结,揭示了商业模式的内涵,并在经典的委托代理的框架下,利用价值偏好参数(描述行为者关心自己与他人的程度)修改了委托人(运营商)的目标函数,集中考察了运营商与服务提供商之间基于共赢的电信商业模式业务创新合同设计问题,进而分析了均衡性质.结果表明,价值偏好参数可以协调委托代理双方的利益关系并有效控制代理成本,而单位努力的边际产出会影响激励结构的变化.     

Who captures value from hackathons? Innovation contests with collective intelligence tools bridging creativity and coupled open innovation

Balancing value creation and value capture is a fundamental strategic issue for the management of open innovation. Insufficient compensation for created value may hinder the participation of a firm or individual in open innovation. It can thus provide an obstacle to the open innovation process as a whole. Hackathons provide an attractive setting for studying value appropriation in open innovation by actors of different types and with varying bargaining power. We define hackathons as idea competitions on specific topics in the form of a time-limited event. These competitions have gained more popularity throughout the years and have recently become more prominent. Therefore, an abductive empirical study was carried out in an international set-up with multiple embedded cases of hackathons. Results indicate that hackathons offer coupled open innovation processes. The value captured by the initiator of a hackathon in the form of inbound open innovation is balanced by outbound knowledge flows towards participants as well as with sideways knowledge flows between participants, which are a result of the generation of collective intelligence. Collective intelligence is thus identified as an alternative mechanism for value capture from open innovation.     

Role Models for Radical Innovations in Times of Open Innovation

In this paper, we study the influence of innovator roles in highly innovative ventures. In order to obtain a differentiated picture we take into account the degree of innovativeness as a moderating variable. To test our hypotheses we use a sample of 146 highly innovative new product development projects. We choose a rigorous sampling design and apply state‐of‐the‐art measures for the degree of innovativeness. Furthermore, we apply multi‐trait‐multi‐method methodology (MTMM) to enhance the validity of our study. The results show that innovator roles have a strong influence on innovation success but these influences are positively and negatively moderated by innovativeness. The moderating influences depend on the type of innovativeness. Remarkably, with increasing technological innovativeness innovator roles which create inter‐organizational links with the outside world appear to be more important than intra‐organizational linker roles, and support from high‐ranked organizational members turns out to have a significant negative effect on project success with higher degrees of technological innovativeness. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed and consequences for innovation research and innovation management are shown.     

Public policy,innovation and total factor productivity: An application to Taiwan's manufacturing industry

This paper analyses the impact of innovation on productivity in Taiwan. Using a panel of 48,794 firms observed over the 1997–2003 period and distributed across 23 industries, we compute total factor productivity (TFP) by estimating Translog production functions with C, L, E, M inputs. We evaluate the impact of being an innovator on TFP using propensity score matching. The rationale is that, over the period, innovating firms are likely to have benefited from one of many innovation policy measures known as statute for upgrading industry (SUI) (until 1999) or “New SUI” (after 1999). Our results show a significantly negative effect of being an innovator on TFP in most industries, both before and after 1999. This suggests that firms having innovation expenditures either perform less well than the others because of unobserved factors, or are further away from the production frontier. Therefore, innovation in Taiwan seems to be associated with catching-up strategies.     

基于Agent的用户偏好决策模型及其应用

智能体及其组成的智能体系统是人们解决用传统方法难以解决的复杂问题的一个新途径,以复杂适应系统、智能体系统等理论为指导,吸取了智能体强化学习的基本原理,提出了一种基于智能体的用户偏好决策模型,并将其成功应用在互联网搜索中,不仅提高了搜索的质量,同时具有一定的创新性。