静电纺丝法制备碳纳米纤维的研究进展

碳纳米纤维优异的物理和化学性能使其在众多领域备受青睐,静电纺丝技术是利用电场力将聚合物溶液或熔体进行纺丝的加工技术,是目前获得纳米尺寸纤维的有效方法之一。利用静电纺丝技术制备直径分布,孔径大小,所需性能等方面达到指定要求的碳纳米纤维,是研究者所研究的重点方向之一。本文介绍了静电纺丝的原理,溶液性质、纺丝电压、推速和接受距离对静电纺丝的影响,以及碳纳米纤维的制备、改性及应用进展。     

静电纺丝技术发展简史及应用

静电纺丝现已成为一种重要的纳米纤维成形技术,制备的纳米纤维也得到了广泛应用。介绍了静电纺丝技术的基本原理及发展历程,以及采用静电纺丝技术制备的纳米纤维品种、纳米纤维的应用领域等。采用静电纺丝技术可以制备各种不同结构和形态的纳米纤维,如有机纳米纤维、有机/无机杂化复合纳米纤维、无机纳米纤维、碳纳米纤维等;通过静电纺丝制备的纳米纤维因具有特殊结构和优异性能,在过滤材料、能源材料、生物医用材料、传感器和光催化等领域得到广泛应用。今后在完善实验室技术的基础上,应加强静电纺丝技术的产业化研究。     

静电纺丝制备聚丙烯腈纳米碳纤维

利用静电纺丝制备连续的聚丙烯腈纳米碳纤维;介绍了静电纺丝的原理、影响静电纺丝的主要因素以及制备纳米碳纤维、纳米活性炭纤维、纳米碳纤维复合材料的方法和原理;分析了静电纺丝产率低,难以得到单向平铺的纤维等问题,影响静电纺丝的参数主要有溶液特性、纺丝工艺参数、纺丝环境参数。由静电纺丝得到纳米聚丙烯腈纤维,然后再经预氧化和碳化制备纳米碳纤维,或把纳米纤维预氧化,经活化、碳化制备纳米活性炭纤维。并指出纳米碳纤维具有巨大的潜在应用空间。     

聚合物纳米纤维技术的新进展

重点介绍了静电纺丝技术发展现状,详细介绍了双组分聚合物纳米纤维、碳纳米纤维、聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维、生物可降解聚合物纳米纤维的制备和性能,展望了聚合物纳米纤维及纳米纤维膜产品的应用。     

静电纺丝纳米纤维的制备工艺及其应用

简述了静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的原理;探讨了静电纺丝电压、流速、接收距离、溶剂浓度等工艺条件;介绍了同轴静电纺丝制备皮芯结构的超细纤维及中空纤维技术以及静电纺丝纳米纤维毡在生物医药方面的应用。指出静电纺丝纳米纤维材料在生物医用方面具有广阔的应用前景,进一步实现低压纺丝、开发无毒溶剂,控制同轴静电纺丝纳米纤维的释放性能是今后静电纺丝的研发方向。     

碳纳米纤维制造方法

碳纳米纤维定义为具有数十纳米到数百纳米直径的纤维状碳素材料.主要是用静电纺丝法、聚合物共混纺丝法(熔融纳米分散纺丝法)和催化化学气相析出法来制造.日本已生产的碳纳米纤维——VGCF(R),就是用催化化学气相析出法制造的.3种方法制成的碳纳米纤维的结构和特性各不同.本文对3种碳纳米纤维制造方法进行了介绍,文中使用的缩略词列于表1中.     

静电纺纳米纤维修饰电极的研究进展

静电纺丝纳米纤维较传统纳米材料有许多独特的性能,静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极的研究是其新热点;按修饰方法的不同,静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极分为直接修饰和非直接修饰电极两大类。综合近年来国内外的静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极相关研究,阐述了静电纺丝技术直接修饰电极、静电纺丝技术非直接修饰电极的相关纳米纤维材料的制备、特性及应用;指出由于静电纺丝纳米材料的多样化与优异性,静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极具有灵活性与灵敏性,其在生物传感器、生物芯片、染料电池等方面的应用极具开发潜力,在未来多个领域和研究中发挥重要作用。     

静电纺丝的研究进展

简述了国内外静电纺丝的研究现状;介绍了静电纺丝的制备原理、静电纺丝装置的改进、影响纤维成形的主要工艺参数及纤维形态;叙述了静电纺丝纳米纤维在过滤材料、生物医学和传感器等方面的应用;展望了静电纺丝的发展方向。指出静电纺丝是纳米纤维的新型生产技术,今后应进一步调整静电纺丝工艺,开发绿色溶剂,以尽早实现静电纺丝的工业化。     

明胶基静电纺丝纳米纤维及其应用

介绍了溶液的黏度、电导率、表面张力和溶剂的挥发性等对静电纺丝制备纳米纤维薄膜的影响,静电纺丝技术的分类,以及采用可降解的明胶等物质通过静电纺丝技术制备明胶基纳米纤维薄膜,综述了静电纺丝明胶基纳米纤维薄膜在可食用薄膜、抗菌抗氧化薄膜、组织工程、纳米纤维敷料和过滤等方面的应用。     

静电纺丝聚氨酯纤维及在生物医药领域的研究进展

简述了静电纺丝法制备聚氨酯微纳米纤维的成型原理,综述了熔体静电纺丝及溶液静电纺丝聚氨酯微纳米纤维工艺研究进展,最后介绍了静电纺丝聚氨酯微纳米纤维应用于生物医药领域的最新研究进展。     

电纺法制备纳米纤维及其应用研究

静电纺丝(电纺)技术是一种制备直径为数10 nm到数μm纳米纤维的有效方法,介绍了电纺的工作机理,对电纺条件影响纤维形态和纳米纤维应用进行了综述。最后对纳米纤维应用发展方向进行了展望。     

Electrospun polyimide nanofibers and their applications

Aromatic polyimides (PIs) are high-performance polymers with rigid heterocyclic imide rings and aromatic benzene rings in their macromolecular backbones. Owing to excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability, as well as readily adjustable molecular structures, PIs have been widely adopted for many applications related to electronics, aerospace, automobile, and other industries. In recent years, PI fibers prepared by electrospinning of polyamic acid (PAA) precursor nanofibers followed by imidization (commonly known as electrospun PI nanofibers) have attracted growing interests. Herein, the preparation, evaluation, and application of electrospun PI nanofibers are reviewed. PI polymers and the electrospinning technique are introduced first followed by the preparation of electrospun nanofibers of homo-PI, co-PI, blend-PI, and PI composite. Subsequently, the mechanical and thermal properties of electrospun PI nanofibers are presented; in particular, the mechanical properties of individual electrospun PI nanofibers are highlighted. Thereafter, various applications of electrospun PI nanofibers are outlined, including reinforcement of composites, Li-ion battery separators, fuel cell proton exchange membranes, sensors, microelectronics, high-temperature filtration media, super-hydrophobic PI nanofibers, and PI-based carbon nanofibers. In the final section of conclusions and perspectives, future research endeavors and high-value applications of electrospun PI nanofibers are discussed.     

可降解高分子纳米纤维药物控释系统的研究进展

可降解高分子药物控释系统通过对药物剂量的有效控制,能够降低药物的毒副作用,提高药物的稳定性和利用率。近年来,静电纺丝纳米纤维因其具有比表面积大等特点,作为新型药物控制释放载体受到研究者的广泛关注。本文综述了可降解高分子纳米纤维药物控释系统的研究进展,对可降解高分子纳米纤维的制备及其在药物控释方面的研究进行介绍,并讨论了影响可降解高分子纳米纤维药物释放的因素。     

Synthesis and mechanical properties characterization of multiferroic BiFeO3-CoFe2O4 composite nanofibers

Multiferroic nanofibers with excellent mechanical properties have great potential applications in multifunctional nanodevices. BiFeO₃-CoFe₂O₄ (BFO-CFO) composite nanofibers with different molar ratios were successfully synthesized by sol-gel-based electrospinning method. The mechanical properties of BFO-CFO composite nanofibers were examined by nanoindentation technique, and further investigated by amplitude modulation-frequency modulation (AM-FM) method based on atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results of AM-FM showed that the elastic moduli of BFO-CFO composite nanofibers increased with the increase of CFO ratio, which was consistent with the results of nanoindentation. These results indicated that AFM-based AM-FM is a powerful method for nondestructively investigating the mechanical properties of materials at nanoscale, and that the results of BFO-CFO composite nanofibers are also of practical importance for the future applications of multifunctional nanodevices.     

Surface properties,thermal, and mechanical characteristics of poly(vinyl alcohol)–starch‐bacterial cellulose composite films

Nanocomposite films for food packaging applications were developed using bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers in different amount in a poly(vinyl alcohol)/starch (PVA/St) matrix. In search of a better method to reduce the harmful ingredients in food packaging, the cellulose nanofibers were obtained by the mechanical defibrillation of BC pellicles thus avoiding the addition of chemicals in the final packaging material. Improved mechanical performances were obtained starting from just 1% BC nanofibers in PVA/St. Atomic force microscopy images showed a uniform dispersion of BC nanofibers on the surface of nanocomposites. A twofold increase of both tensile strength and modulus was obtained for 2 wt % BC in the composite. BC nanofibers have greatly improved the barrier properties of PVA/St matrix, a twofold increase of water vapor permeability being obtained for only 2 wt % BC nanofibers in the composite film. PVA/St/2BC was proposed as a high potential material for food packaging applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45800.     

A study on nanofiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites (II): Investigation of the mixing rheology and conduction properties

This article is portion of a comprehensive study on the development of nanofiber‐reinforced polymer composites for electrostatic discharge materials and structural composites. Vapor‐grown carbon fibers with an average diameter of 100 nm were used as a precursor and model fiber system for carbon nanotubes. These nanofibers were purified and functionalized to provide for an open network of high‐purity nanofibers. Banbury‐type mixing was used to disperse the nanofibers in the polymer matrix. Rheological and microscopic analysis showed that the high shear processing of the polymer/nanofiber mixture led to a homogeneous dispersion of nanofibers with no agglomerates present and no shortening of the nanofibers. The shear thinning behavior of polymeric materials helps in the mixing of the nanofibers to form the composites. A percolation threshold for electrical conduction of 9–18 wt % was observed for the highly dispersed nanofiber networks. The electrical behavior of these materials was not affected by changes in humidity. Microscopic analysis showed highly dispersed nanofibers with no indications of porosity. These conducting polymers are well suited for electrostatic discharge applications, and might well become multifunctional materials for strength/electrical applications. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1162–1172, 2001     

静电纺丝纳米纤维在特殊领域的研究现状和应用

综合阐述了静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的工艺变量以及静电纺丝纳米纤维在特殊领域的研究和应用现状。研究表明:静电纺丝是在静电场作用下将聚合物溶液(或熔体)从喷头喷射出制备纳米纤维的工艺过程,纤维直径从几微米到<100nm,具有独特功能的纳米结构,可广泛应用于导电纤维、生物医用高分子材料等特殊领域。     

Functionalization of polyamide 6 nanofibers by electroless deposition of copper

Polyamide 6 (PA6) nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning. The electrospun PA6 nanofibers were functionalized using electroless deposition technique. Oxygen low temperature plasma treatment was applied to substitute the conventional roughening process using concentrated sulfuric acid-potassium dichromate. The deposition of copper (Cu) on the PA6 nanofibers was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The observations revealed the uniform coating of the PA6 nanofibers with thin films of Cu. It was also found that the surface conductivity of the PA6 nanofibers was significantly improved by the Cu deposition. The combination of electrospinning and electroless deposition will provide a new approach to producing the functional nanofibers for various applications.     

Facile preparation and separation performances of cellulose nanofibrous membranes

Ultrafiltration (UF) is a size selective pressure‐driven membrane separation process increasingly required for high efficient water treatment and suspended solids removal in many industrial applications. This study examined the morphology of as‐prepared cellulose nanofibers and then utilized the nanofibers dispersion to fabricate nanofibrous nanoporous membranes with potential wide applications in various fields including water treatment. The nanofibers were prepared using a simple and powerful mechanical high intensity ultrasonication following a pre‐chemical treatment of α‐cellulose. The cellulose nanofibers’ morphology, crystallinity, and yield were found to be influenced by pre‐chemical treatment. Cellulose nanofibrous membranes were fabricated from cellulose nanofibers dispersion on a porous support. A nanoporous structure with an extensive interconnected network of fine cellulose nanofibers was formed on the support substrate. The resulting membranes exhibited typical and high‐efficient UF performances with high water fluxes of up to 2.75 10³ L/m²/h/bar. The membranes also displayed high rejections for ferritin and 10 nm gold nanoparticles with a reactive surface area capable of rapidly decolorizing methylene blue from its aqueous solution. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43544.     

TiO_2纳米纤维的制备及其性能研究进展

静电纺丝法是生产纳米纤维的有效方法。用静电纺丝制备的纳米Ti O2纤维成本低、产率高、适用性广,在很多领域具有潜在的应用价值。综述了结合静电纺丝方法的纳米Ti O2的制备方法及应用研究进展,并展望了其应用前景。