高压下Fe84Nb4W3B9纳米晶软磁块体合金的制备

采用机械合金化(MA)法和低温高压快速烧结工艺制备了Fe84Nb4W3B9软磁合金粉末及其块体合金,并研究了粉末的晶粒尺寸、热稳定性和块体合金的相组成,晶粒大小以及相对密度与烧结条件的关系.结果表明(1)MA60h后,可获得单相α-Fe纳米晶(8.6nm)过饱和固溶体粉末(2)在MA粉末DSC升温曲线中,分别出现3个强弱不一的放热峰,依次发生了畸变的纳米晶过饱和固溶体的结构弛豫、纳米晶粒长大以及固溶体的相分解过程;(3)在P=5.5GPa,t=3min的烧结条件下,当Pw≥980W后,可获得相对密度98.2%以上、单相α-Fe纳米晶(20.3nm)块体合金,其磁性能为比饱和磁化强度Ms=154.0emu·g-1,矫顽力Hc=7.474×103A·m-1.     

纳米晶W-Cu复合粉末烧结行为

研究了机械合金化制备的纳米晶W-xCu(x=15,20,25)复合粉末的烧结行为.结果表明,纳米晶W-Cu复合粉末烧结致密化强烈地依赖于烧结温度与烧结时间.当烧结温度从1 150℃提高到1 200℃时,烧结30min后的烧结体相对密度由91%～94%增加到97%～98%;当烧结温度超过1 300℃时,烧结体发生快速致密化,5 min内相对密度即可达到98%左右.研究还发现,W-Cu合金中W晶粒尺寸也强烈地依赖于烧结温度,即烧结温度愈高,W晶粒长大愈显著.当压坯在1 200～1 250℃烧结30 min后,所得到的晶粒度约为300～500 nm,其中经1 200℃烧结时的晶粒尺寸约为300～350 nm.另外,Cu含量增加有利于烧结致密化,并降低W晶粒长大的趋势.     

机械合金化和添加微量Y2O3对制备细晶钨合金

采用机械合金化、添加微量Y2O3和冷等静压、液相烧结工艺制备Ф25mm的晶粒度为3～4μm的细晶93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe(质量分数%,下同)合金棒材,研究粉末机械合金化、添加微量Y2O3、烧结温度和保温时间对合金棒材烧结致密化和显微组织的影响。结果表明:在1480℃液相烧结时钨晶粒发生明显球化,在此温度下降低保温时间对控制钨晶粒长大有较大影响,保温时间为30min时,钨晶粒尺寸为5～8μm;保温时间为60min时,钨晶粒为8～10μm。添加微量稀土氧化物Y2O3可以进一步有效地抑制晶粒的长大,降低合金的钨晶粒尺寸和提高组织均匀性,在1480℃烧结60min时,钨晶粒为3～4μm,而且晶粒尺寸分布更均匀。     

添加稀土元素对粉末冶金Ti合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等手段研究了在粉末Ti合金中添加稀土元素对烧结坯的显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,添加稀土元素可以有效提高烧结坯的致密度、室温抗拉强度和延伸率,其中含1.0%Nd(质量分数)的材料致密度达99%,抗拉强度1080MPa,延伸率6%,接近锻造Ti-6Al-4V合金的性能水平,而且制备成本明显降低.稀土元素对致密度的贡献主要归因于在烧结过程中产生瞬时液相,同时稀土元素能够夺取粉末颗粒表面的氧,净化原始颗粒界面,提高粉末颗粒的烧结活性.致密度的提高,Ti合金基体氧含量的降低以及第二相Nd氧化物的存在都有助于材料力学性能的提高.然而含Nd合金的烧结温度应控制在一个合适的范围内,过高的烧结温度将导致瞬时富Nd液相的聚集和元素的偏扩散,以及由于扩散条件改善后的晶粒过度长大,反而不利于材料力学性能的提高.     

超细/纳米W-20Cu复合粉末的液相烧结机制

采用溶胶-喷雾干燥及氢还原工艺制备超细/纳米W-20 Cu复合粉末:将粉末压制成形,在1 340～1 420℃烧结5～180 min,并研究其致密化行为及晶粒长大机制.结果表明:烧结温度对液相烧结致密化起主要作用,W-20Cu复合粉末在液相烧结早期发生了显著的致密化,在1 420℃烧结5 min时,致密度可达到89％以上;随烧结时间的延长,致密度增加,在1 420℃烧结90 min时,相对密度最高,达到99.1％.液相烧结时,W晶粒不断长大并逐渐球化,且其晶粒大小G与时间烧结t符合G3＝G30+kt关系,服从溶解-析出机制.烧结温度对W晶粒长大影响显著,当温度从1 340℃上升到1 420℃时,其晶粒长大动力学系数从1.59×10-2 μm3/min增大到2.47×10-2 μm3/min,这说明液相的形成、颗粒重排、溶解-析出及W晶粒长大使得细晶W-Cu坯体获得近全致密.     

CoSb3纳米晶块体热电材料的制备研究

采用机械合金化．放电等离子烧结工艺(MA-SPS)，在200℃～600℃之间制备了纳米晶CoSb3合金块体材料。采用XRD和TEM对材料的相组成和微观组织进行了测试分析。实验结果表明，烧结前粉末为高能球磨得到的平均晶粒尺寸为20nm～35nm的纳米晶CoSb3粉末，SPS烧结后CoSb3合金块体的平均晶粒尺寸小于100nm，其致密度达到了91．3％～99．6％。CoSb3块体的晶粒尺寸随着烧结温度的降低而减小，而密度却随着烧结温度的升高而增加。CoSb3纳米晶块体热电材料的制备机理是MA使粉末晶粒细化到纳米级，放电等离子烧结的快速、短时、低温和特殊烧结机理显著抑制了烧结时的晶粒长大。     

W-30Cu纳米复合粉末液相烧结致密化与晶粒长大机制

采用喷雾干燥-煅烧、还原工艺制备超细W-30Cu复合粉末,将粉末模压成形,在1340～1420℃液相烧结15～120min,研究其致密化行为及晶粒长大机制。结果表明:W-30Cu复合粉末在液相烧结早期发生了显著的致密化,1340℃烧结15 min致密度可达到90%以上;随烧结时间的延长致密度增加,1380℃烧结90 min相对密度达到99.1%。液相烧结过程中,W晶粒不断长大并逐渐球化,且其晶粒大小G与烧结时间t符合G3∝kt关系,服从液相烧结溶解-析出机制。烧结温度对W晶粒长大影响显著,当温度从1340℃上升到1420℃时,其晶粒长大动力学系数从1.61×10-2μm3/min增大到4.65×10-2μm3/min,液相的形成、颗粒重排、溶解-析出及W晶粒长大使细晶W-Cu获得近全致密。     

电子束选区熔化技术对钛合金组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和力学万能试验机研究了ELI TA7金属粉末在电子束选区熔化快速成形件的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明:真空度3.0×10-2～5.0×10-2 Pa、工作电流2.0～3.0 mA,Z字型扫描路线可以有效提高烧结件的致密度、室温强度和延伸率.烧结件的相对密度可达97%,抗拉强度740 MPa,延伸率8%,接近锻件的性能.致密度高的原因是电子束高的能量利用率在烧结过程中产生瞬时液相,同时真空下粉末的表面得到净化,提高了烧结活性;而快速的冷凝过程有助于产生细小的晶粒.同时致密度的提高以及晶粒的细化均有助于烧结件力学性能的提高.     

MA制备93W-4．9Ni-2．1Fe超细预合金粉末的烧结特性研究

为了改善93W-4．9Ni-2．1Fe合金的力学性能，对MA制备93W-4．9Ni-2．1Fe超细预合金粉末的烧结特性进行了研究。采用比表面吸附法测算了预合金粉末粒度，用X射线衍射仪对粉末晶粒尺寸进行测算，扫描电镜观察球磨粉末和试样拉伸断口的形貌，用金相显微镜对试样显微组织进行观察。结果表明：球磨50h后可得到粒度为0．29gm、晶粒尺寸为25．5nm、各元素分布均匀的超细93W-4．9Ni-2．1Fe预合金粉末：球磨50h的预合金粉末在1480℃烧结90min压坯，钨晶粒呈球形或近球形；合金抗拉强度、延伸率和相对密度分别为1025．4MPa，26．47％和99．45％，合金呈钨晶粒的穿晶解理断裂和粘结相的延性撕裂。     

镧-钇对纳米粉90W-Ni-Fe合金显微组织和性能的影响

以喷雾干燥-H2还原法制备的纳米级90W-7Ni-3Fe复合粉末为原料，研究稀土La-Y含量对试样烧结特性的影响，采用高倍SEM和金相仪器分别对断口进行形貌观察和W晶粒测试；对烧结样的相对密度、抗拉强度、延伸率等性能进行测定与分析。结果表明：不添加稀土La-Y时，试样在液相烧结时容易出现孔洞和气泡，导致力学性能偏低；添加0．4％稀土La-Y（质量分数）时，合金的相对密度、抗拉强度和延伸率分别为99．4％、983．5MPa和15．2％1添加0．4％La-Y后，在相界或晶界上形成了W13.61 Ni2.61 F01.07 Y2052 La25.27On的中间相，阻止了W原子在粘结相中的扩散，阻碍了W晶粒长大，W晶粒由原来的20-25μm减少到12～15μm。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.