Stacking Sequence Effect on the Fracture Behavior of Narrow L-Shaped Cross-Ply Laminates: Experimental Study

Strength of Materials - The stacking sequence effect of narrow L-shaped laminates on the fracture mode was studied. Two laminate stacking sequences were designed to analyze different fracture...     

Effects of Cure Pressure Induced Voids on the Mechanical Strength of Carbon/Epoxy Laminates

This work aims at designing a set of curing pressure routes to produce laminates with various void contents. The effects of various consolidation pressures resulting in different void contents on mechanical strength of carbon/epoxy laminates have been examined. Characterization of the voids, in terms of void volume fraction, void distribution, size, and shape, was performed by standard test, ultrasonic inspection and metallographic analysis. The interlaminar shear strength was measured by the short-beam method. An empirical model was used to predict the strength vs porosity. The predicted strengths conform well with the experimental data and voids were found to be uniformly distributed throughout the laminate.     

折角声屏障优化设计与效费研究

基于铁路噪声预测模型,提出了折角声屏障优化设计方法。该方法以声屏障成本为目标函数,以降噪要求为声学约束,综合考虑了设置位置、高度、长度和倾斜角;由列车1／3倍频程频谱插入损失计算,通过对有限长声屏障视角和车屏间反射影响的修正,提高了优化过程中插入损失的计算精度。经过与目前方法比较,验证了优化方法在铁路折角声屏障中改善经济性能和降噪性能的优越性,讨论了设计参数对成本和降噪性能的影响。根据效费研究,优化方法能够合理选择声屏障设计形式,结论对折角声屏障设计参数与形状的选择具有指导意义。     

缝纫层合板的本构关系研究(II)——缝纫层合板刚度分析与试验

在缝纫单层板有效弹性常数分析模型的基础上,建立了缝纫层合板的本构关系,分析了缝纫参数对缝纫层合板拉伸、弯曲、剪切和扭转刚度的影响,并对拉压刚度进行了试验研究,结果表明,分析结果与试验结果吻合得较好。     

Experimental Study of Thickness Gradient Formation in the VARTM Process

Although the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process has been the focus of much attention in the past several years, it is only recently that research tools have been developed to investigate fundamental process mechanisms associated with it. One area of concern for composites manufacturers is the ability to maintain dimensional tolerances throughout the process cycle. It has been well known that a thickness gradient forms during VARTM, leading to corresponding gradients in fiber volume fraction and the associated mechanical properties. In this work, the formation of these thickness gradients is investigated using an array of linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) to monitor surface displacements during infusion. SMARTweave sensors are used to correlate resin flow with the surface displacements for infusions, using either a line resin source or point resin source. Software is used to display the surface displacements as a three-dimensional plot so that the entire part surface may be visualized during infusion.     

起圈织物增强层合板层间力学性能有限元分析与实验研究

建立了一种起圈织物增强层合板的平拉单胞模型,通过有限元计算预测其平拉强度。研究起圈织物增强层合板的复合成型工艺,制作了符合要求的实验件。对该种材料的短梁剪切、平拉、双面剪切性能进行了实验研究,获得了该材料主要层间力学性能参数,并与传统复合材料层合板的力学性能进行了对比,得出了一些有益的结论,为该材料的性能分析和结构优化奠定了基础。     

夹芯结构复合材料构件VARI工艺仿真计算与成型实验

对于大尺寸夹芯结构或复杂形状夹芯结构复合材料的VARI工艺成型过程的模拟仿真计算,如果采用传统的建模方法,则建模困难,模拟仿真计算量大,效率不高。针对此问题,本文提出了一种简单方便的等效建模法。以矩形泡沫夹芯结构复合材料构件的铺层设计为基础,采用等效建模法建立了实体CAD模型和有限元网格模型,并利用PAM-RTM模拟软件对夹芯结构复合材料构件的VARI工艺成型过程进行了模拟仿真计算,结合工艺成型实验进行了实验验证,并对制品的密度、树脂含量和力学性能等进行了测试与表征。结果表明:由等效建模法仿真计算所得理论充模时间与实测充模时间基本一致,且仿真计算所得树脂流动前锋位置曲线与工艺成型实验测试值也比较吻合;VARI工艺成型对夹芯结构复合材料制品性能的分布均匀性有一定影响。     

Effect of Electric Field on the Response of Clamped-FreeMagnetostrictive/Piezoelectric/Magnetostrictive Laminates

This work deals with the response of clamped-free magnetostrictive/piezoelectric/magnetostrictive laminates under electric field both numerically and experimentally. The laminate is fabricated using two magnetostrictive Terfenol-D layers and a soft piezoelectric PZT layer. Easy axis of Terfenol-D layers is length direction, while the polarization of PZT layer is the thickness direction. The magnetostriction of the Terfenol-D layers bonded to the upper and lower surfaces of the PZT layer is first measured. Next, a nonlinear finite element analysis is employed to evaluate the second-order magnetoelastic constants in the Terfenol-D layers bonded to the PZT layer using measured data. The induced magnetic field and internal stresses for the laminates under electric field parallel to the poling are then calculated and discussed in detail. In addition, the induced magnetic field is measured, and test results are presented to validate the predictions.     

复合材料层合板冲击损伤及剩余强度研究进展

综述了受低速冲击后复合材料层合板的损伤研究进展,重点介绍了倍受复合材料工程结构设计师所关注的含损复合材料层合板的剩余拉伸及压缩强度问题,最后对有待于进一步研究的问题进行了展望.     

直流磁控溅射膜厚分布实测与数值模拟研究

基于直流磁控溅射的基本原理,通过对小圆形磁控溅射平面靶的特点分析,建立了磁控溅射系统的几何模型,推导出了膜厚分布的数学理论模型。借助MATLAB数学软件,计算了不同靶基距下膜厚分布的理论数据,分析了靶基距变化时膜厚分布的特点。实测了两种不同靶基距下膜厚的分布,通过与理论数据的对比,验证了模型的可靠性。理论模型与实测数据的分析表明:随着靶基距的逐渐增大,膜厚的变化率减缓,膜层的平均厚度降低,膜厚分布的均匀性提高;在靶基距一定的情况下,增宽靶材的刻蚀区域会提高膜层厚度及其均匀性;基板上的膜厚分布大致呈现从中心到边缘逐渐变薄的趋势,膜层最厚的位置随着靶基距的增大,从靶材刻蚀最深处在基板上的投影位置,逐渐向基板中心转移。     

高温高压旋风分离器流场模拟及性能试验

提出一种圆形径向进口、筒体段扩径的拱顶旋风分离器新结构;并与PV型分离器进行了流场和分离性能对比。结果表明:在相同处理气量下,新型分离器外旋流区切向速度显著大于PV型,中心涡核区轴向速度小于PV型;用中位粒径为9μm的滑石粉进行冷模试验,新型旋风分离器分离效率比PV型高约1%;新型旋风分离器结构强度和分离性能优良,适合高温、高压的工况下应用。     

Influence of Compression and Shear on the Strength of Composite Laminates with Z-Pinned Reinforcement

The influence of compression and shear loads on the strength of composite laminates with z-pins is evaluated parametrically using a 2D Finite Element Code (FLASH) based on Cosserat couple stress theory. Meshes were generated for three unique combinations of z-pin diameter and density. A laminated plate theory analysis was performed on several layups to determine the bi-axial stresses in the zero degree plies. These stresses, in turn, were used to determine the magnitude of the relative load steps prescribed in the FLASH analyses. Results indicated that increasing pin density was more detrimental to in-plane compression strength than increasing pin diameter. Compression strengths of lamina without z-pins agreed well with a closed form expression derived by Budiansky and Fleck. FLASH results for lamina with z-pins were consistent with the closed form results, and FLASH results without z-pins, if the initial fiber waviness due to z-pin insertion was added to the fiber waviness in the material to yield a total misalignment. Addition of 10% shear to the compression loading significantly reduced the lamina strength compared to pure compression loading. Addition of 50% shear to the compression indicated shear yielding rather than kink band formation as the likely failure mode. Two different stiffener reinforced skin configurations with z-pins, one quasi-isotropic and one orthotropic, were also analyzed. Six unique loading cases ranging from pure compression to compression plus 50% shear were analyzed assuming material fiber waviness misalignment angles of 0, 1, and 2°. Compression strength decreased with increased shear loading for both configurations, with the quasi-isotropic configuration yielding lower strengths than the orthotropic configuration.     

Experimental Investigation on the Co-Cure Processing of Honeycomb Structure with Self-Adhesive Prepreg

To optimize the co-cure processing of honeycomb sandwich composites, three parameters, namely the ramp rate, pressure and application time of pressure were varied. Meanwhile, the inner pressure profile was on-line monitored to reveal the influence mechanism the final quality of the samples. Fillet size, resin content and porosity were used to characterize the bonding performance and panel quality. In addition, the climbing drum peeling strength was applied to characterize the interfacial bonding performance of the sandwich structure. It is found that product with the good fillet and little void content in the panels can be obtained by applying pressure of 0.4 MPa after holding 50 min at 100 °C; plus force induced by the surface tension partly contributes to the formation of fillets; ramp rate of temperature has a significant influence on the quality of the panel and gas permeation of the panels should be considered during the optimization of operating conditions.     

Thickness influence on ballistic impact behaviors of GLARE 5 fiber-metal laminated beams: Experimental and numerical studies

This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations on ballistic impact behaviors of GLARE 5 fiber-metal laminated (FML) beams of various thicknesses. A high-speed camera was used to measure impact and residual/rebound velocities and also to assess damage evolution in the FMLs. The incident projectile impact velocity versus the residual velocity (V_I–V_R) was plotted and numerically fitted according to the classical Lambert–Jonas equation for the determination of ballistic limit velocity, V₅₀. The results showed that the V₅₀ varied in a parabolic trend with respect to the metal volume fraction (MVF) and specimen thickness. The interfacial debonding as well as bending and stretching in aluminum layers played the significant roles in dissipating the impact energy in the GLARE 5 FML beams. The 3D finite element (FE) code, LS-DYNA, was used to model and validate the experimentally obtained results. Good agreement between experimental and numerical results was achieved. It was found that for a given specimen configuration, by increasing the projectile incident velocity up to its V₅₀, the maximum contact force increased. By further increasing the projectile velocity above its V₅₀, the maximum contact force was relatively invariant with respect to an increase in the projectile incident velocity.     

簧片阀流量系数的实验研究与数值模拟

在压缩机簧片阀的数值模拟中,簧片阀的流量系数和相应的有效流通面积是须预先知道的关键参数。一般来说,流量系数和有效流通面积是通过实验测得的。但是,当制冷剂在封闭的系统中流动时,很难测得簧片阀的流量系数。本论文提出了一种思路,建立以空气为工质来测量簧片阀流量系数的模型,同时用静态吹风实验来测量空气的流量系数,得到了空气在不同流量和阀片升程下的流量系数。改变工质为R600a后,模拟计算了簧片阀的流量系数,并通过压缩机整机性能实验对流量系数的正确性进行了间接的验证。结果表明:以空气为工质模拟计算的流量系数与实验结果符合较好,这一模型能够用于计算工质为R600a时的流量系数。     

横板型稳压罐气液两相流场数值模拟及流量稳定性研究

依据湍流模式理论中的标准k-ε湍流模型及流体体积函数多相流模型,实现了水流量标准装置中横板型稳压罐多相湍流流场的数值研究,采用PISO方法求解离散控制方程,并使用UDF编写入口速度脉动信号。获得稳压罐压力场、速度场、流线等关键信息,分析了入口脉动频率、气液比、竖隔板位置因素对流量稳定性的影响,并通过实验验证了计算结果的有效性。结果表明:低频脉动对稳定性影响较大,当泵出口脉动5Hz时,气液比1:3,竖板位于罐体D/3处,稳定性最好,流量波动系数为0.058%。     

一种新型旋风气幕式排风罩实验研究

借助于模型实验对新型旋风气幕式排风罩工作流场及有害物分布情况进行了分析,并与传统排风罩进行了对比。结果表明:旋转射流屏蔽作用下的抽吸流场具有中部压力较低和提高抽吸能力的作用;新型旋风气幕式排风罩不仅能有效地控制有害物扩散,而且可以实现远距离捕集有害物及以较小的排风速度排放有害物。     

空气处理机对高大空间流动形态影响的研究

为研究空气处理机对高大空间空气流动的影响,采用CFD软件对处理机进行仿真。对空间内流动矢量进行研究,得到了空间内的流速和流向的分布状态;经过对空间内温度云图的研究,得到了空间内的温度分布情况;统计处理机在不同安装高度条件下各分层的温度,得到了处理机不同安装高度对空间温度分布的影响。     

管道内冰浆流动压降特性模拟和实验研究

本文采用以颗粒相动力学为基础的Euler-Euler模型,利用FLUENT研究冰浆在水平直管、90°弯管和T型管中的流动压降特性(计算过程不考虑相变)。模拟结果显示,在管道入口处压降较明显,90°弯管拐弯后内侧压力小于外侧,T型管在分流直角拐角处出现压力最高点和最低点。冰浆流动实验发现,冰浆单位压降随流速和含冰率的增加而增大,且3种管型中直管压降最小,T型管压降最大。对比实验与模拟结果,单位压降随流速的变化趋势一致,且误差在20%以内,但在大流速时,模拟值大于实验值。     

Effect of Ultrasonic Output Power on Refining the Crystal Structures of Ingots and Its Experimental Simulation

In this study, a series of tests were conducted by using aluminum-based alloy to determine the formation of grain refining structure based on the ultrasonic vibration (UV). Furthermore, the simulation test and effect of ultrasonic output power were studied using ammonium chloride. Finally, the mechanism of grain refinement was investigated. The results show that: (1) By applying the UV to aluminum-base alloy, the grain refining rate of ingots tended to increase with the increase of the output value of UV. (2) It was confirmed that time from after the pour to the beginning of crystallization as well as cloudiness tended to decrease with increasing the ultrasonic power value of UV. Moreover, it can be seen from each cooling curve that a uniform temperature gradient existed in the melt as the power of UV increased, that made the melt strongly stirred. (3) It was also considered that the grain refining effect of ingots, which was observed from the simulation tests, resulted from nucleation action and stirrin