膨润土的有机改性与球磨细小化及其助留性能研究

采用十八烷基三甲基溴化铵（STAB）对膨润土进行了有机改性并对改性膨润土球磨细小化。对制得的改性膨润土进行了扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线衍射（XRD）实验分析。结果表明,有机表面活性剂STAB已经进入膨润土的片层间,层间距由1.256nm增大到2.694nm;晶面间距增大的最佳实验条件为：STAB用量为40%,反应时间为4h,反应温度为75℃。通过对球磨后的改性膨润土进行SEM观察发现,球磨时间2h能使其颗粒基本达到亚微米至纳米级,粒度分布范围为100～500nm。对球磨改性膨润土与阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）协同助留废旧瓦楞箱纸板（OCC）浆的研究发现,粒度较小、均匀性较好的球磨改性膨润土的助留效果优于CPAM/改性膨润土助留助滤体系。     

聚苯胺包覆膨润土材料的制备工艺研究

利用悬浮法提纯膨润土,通过碳酸钠对其进行钠化,再用聚苯胺(PANI)对钠化后的膨润土进行改性,通过偏光显微镜、XRD和FT-IR进行表征,确定制备聚苯胺/蒙脱石吸附材料(PANI/MMT)的最优配方,并将最优配方制备的PANI/MMT对苯酚做了吸附动力学分析。研究结果表明,钠离子通过离子交换进入到了膨润土层间,但对膨润土的矿物成分无影响;改性后膨润土的层间距为2.823nm,比钠基膨润土的层间距增加了1.600nm;当PANI/MMT用量为0.1g,苯酚的起始浓度为10mg/L时,对苯酚去除率达到51.50%,与钠土相比提高了12.8%。     

高热导率Ag-AlN/聚丙烯酸酯导电胶黏剂的制备与性能

分别采用无钯化学镀法和溶液聚合法制备了Ag-AlN和聚丙烯酸酯胶黏剂,并采用超声辅助溶液共混法制备了高热导率Ag-AlN/聚丙烯酸酯导电胶黏剂。采用XRD、EDS和SEM等对Ag-AlN的结构进行分析。结果表明:经过高温和酸性清洗液清洗等处理, AlN表面的杂质被除去,并且在AlN表面形成致密的Al₂O₃层,采用无钯化学镀法制备的Ag-AlN具有优异的电导率和热导率,其电导率由AlN的10-13 S/cm提高到了7.06×102 S/cm,热导率由AlN的170 W/(m·K)提高到了230 W/(m·K)。经过计算, Ag-AlN表面的Ag镀层质量分数约为13%, Ag镀层的厚度约为80 nm。当导电胶黏剂中Ag-AlN填料的质量分数为50%时, Ag-AlN/聚丙烯酸酯导电胶黏剂的电导率为1.9 S/cm,热导率为3.1 W/(m·K)。      

壳聚糖插层有机膨润土的制备及吸附性能研究

采用微波辅助法,以十六烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵及壳聚糖对膨润土进行改性,制备了一种新型的壳聚糖插层有机膨润土材料。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)及扫描电镜(SEM)对膨润土及插层膨润土进行了表征。结果表明壳聚糖已经进入膨润土层间,层间距由1.41nm增大至2.04nm。对该材料吸附水中苯酚的性能进行了研究,结果显示在25℃,pH=6的条件下,最大理论吸附量为73.25mg/g,最大理论吸附量随温度升高而降低。用不同模型对等温线进行了拟合,结果表明等温吸附平衡更符合Langmuir模型。     

航空用磁性胶粘剂的性能研究

首先对原始碳纳米管(CNTs)进行了纯化处理,再采用化学镀的方法制备了镀镍碳纳米管(Ni/CNTs),并采用溶液共混法制备镀镍碳纳米管/聚丙烯酸酯磁性压敏胶(Ni/CNTs/PSA)。扫描电镜(SEM)及X射线能谱仪(EDS)显示CNTs表面镀上了一层均匀紧凑的金属镍,镍层厚度约为50nm。SEM显示Ni/CNTs均匀地分散在聚丙烯酸酯(PSA)中。Ni/CNTs/PSA的饱和磁化强度(Ms)随着Ni/CNTs含量的增加而增大,Ni/CNTs/PSA的180°剥离强度随着Ni/CNTs含量的增加逐渐下降,剪切强度先上升后下降。当Ni/CNTs的含量为3.0%(体积分数)时,磁性压敏胶综合性能最佳。     

仿珍珠层自组装制备有机/无机纳米复合薄膜

模仿珍珠层结构, 采用蒸发诱导自组装的方法, 在石英片表面制备了聚三缩丙二醇双丙烯酸酯( PTPG-DA) / SiO₂ 纳米复合薄膜, 采用FT-IR、XRD 和TEM 等分析技术对薄膜结构进行了表征, 测试了其摩擦力学行为, 并初步讨论了纳米复合薄膜的形成机理。结果表明, 所制备的薄膜具有有机/ 无机有序交替的层状纳米复合结构, 其聚合前的层间距为2. 65 nm , 聚合后的层间距为2. 35 nm。聚合后的纳米复合薄膜具有较好的减摩性能。      

聚乙烯醇接枝阳离子聚丙烯酸酯的无皂乳液聚合及表征

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为分散剂,丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、苯乙烯(St)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、丙烯酸十八酯(ODA)为原料,采用无皂乳液聚合方法合成了聚乙烯醇接枝阳离子聚丙烯酸酯多元无皂乳液。对聚合物的结构、组成及性质进行了表征,研究了共聚物乳液的粒径及分布、黏度、流变性和涂膜力学性质。结果表明,聚乙烯醇接枝阳离子聚丙烯酸酯无皂乳液平均粒径为140.9 nm,粒径分布在120 nm~160 nm,黏度为10.2 mPa.s左右,涂膜拉伸强度可达5.3 MPa。     

原位乳液插层法制备PBA/OMMT纳米复合母料及其在ABS中的应用

通过原位乳液插层法制备高有机蒙脱土(OMMT)含量的聚丙烯酸丁酯/有机蒙脱土(PBA/0MMT)纳米复合物,将其作为母料与ABS进一步熔融插层制得力学性能良好的ABS/OMMT纳米复合材料,并通过XRD、TGA和TEM等对材料进行了表征.结果表明:制得的PBA/OMMT母料为插层型纳米复合物,OMMT片层间距从2.38nm增大到3.85nm;采用母料法制备ABS/OMMT纳米复合材料,ABS链段易插层进入OMMT层间,使OMMT片层在ABS基体中达到剥离并以纳米尺度均匀分散,较好地保持了ABS的缺口冲击强度.     

有机硅烷偶联剂对聚丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2复合材料性能的影响

同步采用无皂乳液聚合法和溶胶-凝胶法制备了聚丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2复合材料,通过TEM、力学性能、DSC、TG和XRD等检测手段研究了不同有机硅烷偶联剂对聚丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2复合材料性能的影响.结果表明,分别采用3-甲基丙烯酸氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MEMO)和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMO)制备的纳米复合材料,力学性能随其用量的增加而同步增强增韧;TEM结果表明,采用MEMO和VTMO制备的聚丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2复合材料中的纳米SiO2的粒径约20nm,且分布均匀;热性能结果表明,采用乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTEO)制备的纳米复合材料的玻璃化温度(-8.1℃)和热裂解温度(350℃)最高;XRD结果表明,有机硅烷偶联剂的加入降低了纳米复合材料的结晶度.     

石墨烯改性有机膨润土颗粒的制备与表征

为改善膨润土在水处理中固液分离困难的问题,采用微波法,以石墨烯对有机膨润土进行改性,并利用聚乙烯醇(PVA)为粘结剂、淀粉为造孔剂,经高温焙烧制备石墨烯改性有机膨润土颗粒(CTMAB-GMBG、OTACGMBG)。利用EDS、FT-IR、SEM、XRD、BET等手段对样品进行表征分析,以明确制备过程对石墨烯改性有机膨润土颗粒内部构造变化的影响。结果表明,石墨烯与有机膨润土复合成功,石墨烯中的羧基与季铵盐离子形成了酰胺键,石墨烯改性有机膨润土颗粒的层间距由1.265nm增大至2.480nm(CTMAB-GMBG)、2.708nm(OTAC-GMBG),比表面积分别增大至60.3506m~2/g(CTMAB-GMBG)和51.3482m~2/g(OTAC-GMBG),且颗粒的孔隙结构优化明显。     

有机/无机纳米复合相变储能材料的制备

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）嵌入到具有层状结构的膨润土层间,使膨润土层间得到改必,通过交换反应,使三羟甲基丙烷和新戊二醇嵌入膨润土层间而制得有机／无机纳米复合相变储能材料,利用X射线衍射（XRD）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）对制得有机／无机纳米复合相变储能材料进行了表征。     

不同结构修饰对蛭石插层效果的影响

采用盐酸、氯化钠、盐酸／氯化钠复合修饰方法分别对未膨胀蛭石和膨胀蛭石进行结构修饰,并通过十六烷基三甲基溴化铵有机插层处理制备了有机化蛭石。利用X射线衍射（XRD）和Fourier变换红外光谱（FTIR）研究了未膨胀蛭石和膨胀蛭石的层间结构,讨论了不同结构修饰对两种蛭石有机插层的影响。结果表明,膨胀处理对蛭石的层间距影响较小,但破坏蛭石晶层中的羟基。由于未膨胀蛭石和膨胀蛭石层间晶层结构的差异,两种蛭石应分别采用不同的结构修饰方法。未膨胀蛭石采用盐酸／氯化钠复合修饰后有机改性效果较好,其层间距可从1．48nm增大到4．29nm;而膨胀蛭石宜采用氯化钠修饰后有机改性,其层间距可从1．48nm增大到4．70nm。相比于未膨胀蛭石,膨胀蛭石有机化处理后具有更大的层间距。     

Fabrication and optical properties of photochromic compound/clay hybrid films

A cationic spiropyran iodide derivative (SPI) was synthesized as a photoresponsive compound, and SPI/montmorillonite clay hybrid films were prepared using ion- and guest-exchange intercalation methods. When the ion-exchange method was applied to clay with a low cation-exchange capacity (CEC), intercalation of SPI into clay interlayers did not occur. Using the clay with a high CEC, SPI was intercalated into clay interlayer and the interlayer distances were elongated. Upon UV and visible light irradiation, SPI in hybrid film photoisomerized reversibly and the interlayer distance also changed reversibly. On the other hand, intercalation by the guest-exchange method using cethyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) as a pre-exchanging reagent was independent on the CEC. After the addition of SPI, the CTAB in the clay interlayers was exchanged for SPI, but a partial CTAB remained in the interlayer. SPI in the hybrid films prepared by the guest-exchange method photoisomerized reversibly without any change in interplanar distance due to the coexisted CTAB.     

微波强化掺Al-TiO_2改性膨润土的制备及其结构表征

为制备一种新型水处理吸附剂复合材料,在微波作用下,采用掺Al-TiO2作为改性剂制备改性膨润土,考察了最佳微波辐射条件,利用EDS、SEM、FTIR、XRD、N2吸附-脱附和差热热重(DSC-TGA)等手段对样品进行表征。结果表明:辐射功率260 W,辐射时间8min为最佳微波辐射条件;改性膨润土中的改性剂已进入到膨润土层间,与蒙脱石骨架发生成键反应,形成Ti—O—Si键;改性膨润土的层间距由1.280nm增大至1.533nm,比表面积由39.66m2·g-1增大至72.05m2·g-1,孔隙体积由0.103 4cm3·g-1增大至0.140 5cm3·g-1,对亚甲基蓝的饱和吸附量也由32.56g/100g增大至57.96g/100g,且热稳定性较改性前明显提高。     

MoS₂ nanoplates consisting of disordered graphene-like layers for high rate lithium battery anode materials

MoS(2) nanoplates, consisting of disordered graphene-like layers, with a thickness of ～30 nm were prepared by a simple, scalable, one-pot reaction using Mo(CO)(6) and S in an autoclave. The product has a interlayer distance of 0.69 nm, which is much larger than its bulk counterpart (0.62 nm). This expanded interlater distance and disordered graphene-like morphology led to an excellent rate capability even at a 50C (53.1 A/g) rate, showing a reversible capacity of 700 mAh/g. In addition, a full cell (LiCoO(2)/MoS(2)) test result also demonstrates excellent capacity retention up to 60 cycles.     

Cationic polyelectrolyte/bentonite prepared by ultrasonic technique and its use as adsorbent for Reactive Blue K-GL dye

In this study, the cationic polyelectrolyte polyepicholorohydrin-dimethylamine (EPI-DMA) was intercalated into bentonite using ultrasonic. The structure of EPI-DMA/bentonite and its adsorption of Reactive Blue K-GL (RB K-GL) dye were investigated. Compared with raw bentonite, the EPI-DMA/bentonite had larger interlayer spacing and was more hydrophobic, providing with better surface properties for adsorption. The adsorption of RB K-GL on EPI-DMA/bentonite was described by the adsorption models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevic. The adsorption kinetics was analyzed using pseudo-first- and second-order kinetic models and intraparticle diffusion model. Results showed that both the intraparticle diffusion and first-order adsorption occur in the initial period of adsorption, and that pseudo-second-order kinetic model was more suitable for describing the whole adsorption process. The reaction rates were also calculated. The changes of free energy, enthalpy and entropy of adsorption were evaluated for the adsorption of RB K-GL onto EPI-DMA/bentonite, suggesting that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic.     

TiO_2/改性膨润土复合光催化材料的制备及其性能

本文采用无机和有机两种改性方法对钠基膨润土进行改性,在超声辅助下采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/改性膨润土复合光催化材料。用X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(IR)等测试技术对复合材料进行了表征,以TNT的吸附和降解为模型反应,考察了膨润土的改性对复合材料的吸附和光催化性能的影响。实验结果表明:无机改性的膨润土层间距减小,而有机改性膨润土的层间距增大;膨润土的改性提高了其对水中有机物的吸附性能,且能有效地抑制复合材料中TiO2晶粒尺寸,提高复合材料的光催化性能。     

六氢吡啶对α-磷酸氢锆的插层研究

α-磷酸氢锆α-Zr(HPO4)2·H2O是一类典型的层状结构的多功能材料,本文首次报道了非芳香杂环化合物六氢吡啶对α-ZrP的插层反应.用元素分析,红外光谱(IR)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和TG-DSC热分析对α-ZrP的插层复合物α-ZrP-HHP进行了表征.研究表明,六氢吡啶的插入使层间距增大0.59nm,插入的六氢吡啶客体分子在主体底物中形成双层分子,一个α-ZrP分子刚好接受一个六氢吡啶分子.     

Synergistic Interlayer and Defect Engineering in VS2 Nanosheets toward Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

A simple one‐pot solvothermal method is reported to synthesize VS₂ nanosheets featuring rich defects and an expanded (001) interlayer spacing as large as 1.00 nm, which is a ≈74% expansion as relative to that (0.575 nm) of the pristine counterpart. The interlayer‐expanded VS₂ nanosheets show extraordinary kinetic metrics for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), exhibiting a low overpotential of 43 mV at a geometric current density of 10 mA cm^?2, a small Tafel slope of 36 mV dec^?1, and long‐term stability of 60 h without any current fading. The performance is much better than that of the pristine VS₂ with a normal interlayer spacing, and even comparable to that of the commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst. The outstanding electrocatalytic activity is attributed to the expanded interlayer distance and the generated rich defects. Increased numbers of exposed active sites and modified electronic structures are achieved, resulting in an optimal free energy of hydrogen adsorption (?G_H) from density functional theory calculations. This work opens up a new door for developing transition‐metal dichalcogenide nanosheets as high active HER electrocatalysts by interlayer and defect engineering.     

pH sensitive organic-inorganic layered nanomaterials by self-assembly of indigocarmine between the inorganic layers

New pH sensitive organic-inorganic intercalation compounds having different interlayer spacing were prepared. Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) is an anion exchangeable inorganic layered compound whose interlayer spacing is 0.76 nm. In the reactions of indigocarmine (IDC) with the calcined Zn-Al LDH at pH = 7 (LDH-IDC7), interlayer spacing increased to 2.25 nm. The interlayer spacing of LDH-IDC7 decreased to 1.89 nm by the treatment in basic solution. In the reaction of IDC with the calcined Zn-Al LDH at pH = 10 (LDH-IDC10), interlayer spacing of the intercalation compounds was 1.89 nm. The interlayer spacing of these intercalation compounds was changed reversibly by the treatments in acidic or basic solution.