基于QCircuit的BB84窃听仿真与分析

该文研究量子线路模型仿真量子密钥分配协议.基于QCircuit软件运用量子线路模型设计不同攻击模型下的BB84量子密钥分配协议仿真模型,并引入rsec和I(α,E)两个指标,设计指标分析线路模型,仿真分析了不同噪声信道模型下BB84密钥分配协议在P/P、B/P和B/B三种不同截取/重发策略下的有效性及安全性.仿真结果表...     

一种基于[7,1]CSS纠错码的量子密钥分配协议

量子密钥分配协议具有可证明的绝对安全性,但是由于量子信道噪声的作用,量子比特在传输过程中容易产生错误,从而降低量子密钥分配的效率。对此,根据量子纠错理论,利用Hamming码构造一种[7,1]CSS纠错码,并结合BB84协议,提出一种改进的量子密钥分配协议。通过理论分析与数值计算,对比改进协议与BB84协议在含噪声量子信道中的传输错误率,结果表明改进的量子密钥分配协议相比于BB84协议提高了对信道噪声的抵抗能力。     

量子LDPC码在BB84协议中的应用研究

针对BB84量子密钥分配协议中量子信道存在噪声,设计一种带有量子纠错码的改进的BB84协议模型,在模型中用量子低密度奇偶校验码（量子LDPC）作为纠错码对发送量子态进行编码。通过数值仿真,从密钥传输效率的角度分析量子纠错编码对BB84协议的影响。结果表明量子LDPC码能克服噪声,提高了密钥传输效率,验证了在含噪量子信道中改进的BB84协议模型的有效性。     

基于GHZ态的身份认证与密钥分配方案

在量子密钥分配协议中存在这样一个基本假设,即攻击者不能同时获得量子信道和经典信道上的信息;为解决这一假设性难题,对量子的纠缠特性进行了研究,提出一种基于GHZ三重态的身份认证与密钥分配方案,该方案在建立一次量子信道后利用GHZ三粒子的关联性实现通信双方与仲裁第三方三者之间的身份认证,然后利用远程传态实现通信密钥分配以及新认证密钥的分配,确保通信方身份不可伪造与通信信息安全,最后结合常见的攻击方式论证了该方案的安全性。     

基于奇相干光源和量子存储的量子密钥分配协议

针对传统量子密钥分配协议使用弱相干光源带来的密钥生成率较低的问题,对光源进行优化,用奇相干光源代替弱相干光源,提出了基于奇相干光源和量子存储的测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议。对比了具有奇相干光源和量子存储的测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议与基于弱相干光源测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议的性能优劣。分析了基于奇相干光源和量子存储的测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议中,密钥生成率、最小退相干时间与安全传输距离之间的关系。仿真结果表明,引入奇相干光源大大减少了传统弱相干光源的多光子数,弥补了其在光源上的不足之处。随着安全传输距离的增加,密钥生成率随之降低,但基于奇相干光源和量子存储的量子密钥分配协议性能仍然较高。     

基于四粒子W态的量子密钥分配协议

量子的纠缠特性可以有效并且安全地应用于量子秘钥分配协议。提出一个基于四粒子W态的密钥分配协议。利用量子W态在量子比特丢失后拥有较强鲁棒性的特点,通过使用不同的测量基把检测信道和生成密钥的粒子区分开来,经贝尔测量和与运算使通信双方生成一致的密钥。除了用于信道检测的粒子外,其余的粒子都参与了最后密钥的生成,使得粒子的利用率较高。最后,对提出的四粒子W态的密钥分配协议的安全性进行了分析。     

基于BB84协议的空间量子通信系统

我们分析了基于BB84协议的空间量子通信系统.该系统使用大气量子信道,以因特网为经典信道.讨论了光子与大气的相互作用,利用量子计算语言对大气信道中的量子密钥分配进行了仿真.将用于量子计算仿真的语言引入量子通信的研究中,讨论了单光子脉冲系统与纠缠光子对系统的特点,分析了全球量子通信系统的可行性.     

一种无线网络量子密钥分配协议

论文在BB84协议基础上提出了一个无线网络量子密钥协议,该协议利用一条具有回路的量子信道传送信息并设计一种新的编码方式,使光子利用效率达到100％,密钥分配效率是BB84量子密钥分配协议的两倍或更高,并且该协议不需要容易被攻击的经典信道,更适用于无线网络.该协议通过预共享密钥方法进行身份认证,避免了攻击者跳过身份认证直接发送密钥的弊端,采用消息摘要的方法验证消息是否被篡改或窃听,由于消息摘要使用了预共享密钥进行一次一密加密,攻击者无法篡改,从而保证安全.     

量子密钥分配的通信模型研究

本文通过引入量子测量信道的概念，并参照经典通信模型，首次为量子密钥分配建立了通信模型。量子密码中已提出的量子密钥分配协议可以统一地用本文提出的模型描述，模型的建立有利于量子密码的进一步研究和在通信网络中的应用。     

量子密钥分配的研究

在对称密码体制中,其加密密钥和解密密钥是相同的。加密信息的安全性取决于密钥的安全性,与算法的安全性无关,即由密文和加解密算法不可能得到明文。该文根据量子密钥分配原理,提出了实现对称密码体制密钥的绝对保密的量子密钥分配协议。理论分析表明这种密钥分配协议是安全可靠的。     

The Correlation Conversion property of quantum channels

Transmission of quantum entanglement will play a crucial role in future networks and long-distance quantum communications. Quantum key distribution, the working mechanism of quantum repeaters and the various quantum communication protocols are all based on quantum entanglement. On the other hand, quantum entanglement is extremely fragile and sensitive to the noise of the communication channel over which it has been transmitted. To share entanglement between distant points, high fidelity quantum channels are needed. In practice, these communication links are noisy, which makes it impossible or extremely difficult and expensive to distribute entanglement. In this work, we first show that quantum entanglement can be generated by a new idea, exploiting the most natural effect of the communication channels: the noise itself of the link. We prove that the noise transformation of quantum channels that are not able to transmit quantum entanglement can be used to generate distillable (useable) entanglement from classically correlated input. We call this new phenomenon the Correlation Conversion property of quantum channels. The proposed solution does not require any non-local operation or local measurement by the parties, only the use of standard quantum channels. Our results have implications and consequences for the future quantum communications and for global-scale quantum communication networks. The discovery also revealed that entanglement generation by local operations is possible.     

The general theory of three-party quantum secret sharing protocols over phase-damping channels

The general theory of three-party QSS protocols with the noisy quantum channels is discussed. When the particles are transmitted through the noisy quantum channels, the initial pure three-qubit tripartite entangled states would be changed into mixed states. We analyze the security of QSS protocols with the different kinds of three-qubit tripartite entangled states under phase-damping channels and figure out, for different kinds of initial states, the successful probabilities that Alice’s secret can be recovered by legal agents are different. Comparing with one recent QSS protocol based on GHZ states, our scheme is secure, and has a little smaller key rate than that of the recent protocol.     

Quantum coherence of two-qubit over quantum channels with memory

Using the axiomatic definition of the quantum coherence measure, such as the \(l_{1}\) norm and the relative entropy, we study the phenomena of two-qubit system quantum coherence through quantum channels where successive uses of the channels are memory. Different types of noisy channels with memory, such as amplitude damping, phase damping, and depolarizing channels effect on quantum coherence have been discussed in detail. The results show that quantum channels with memory can efficiently protect coherence from noisy channels. Particularly, as channels with perfect memory, quantum coherence is unaffected by the phase damping as well as depolarizing channels. Besides, we also investigate the cohering and decohering power of quantum channels with memory.     

基于自对偶量子低密度校验码的量子对话协议

在量子信道中,粒子在传输过程中通常会受到噪声的影响,提出基于自对偶量子低密度校验码的量子对话协议来抵抗噪声攻击,使用B构造法和U构造法相结合的方法来构造自对偶量子低密度奇偶校验矩阵。所提量子对话协议能够抵抗常见的外部攻击,且不存在信息泄露,提高了编码和译码的效率。从纠错的角度研究所提量子对话协议的安全性,安全分析表明,该协议具有足够的安全性,能够有效抵御常见的恶意攻击。     

Quantum teleportation through noisy channels with multi-qubit GHZ states

We investigate two-party quantum teleportation through noisy channels for multi-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states and find which state loses less quantum information in the process. The dynamics of states is described by the master equation with the noisy channels that lead to the quantum channels to be mixed states. We analytically solve the Lindblad equation for \(n\) -qubit GHZ states \(n\in \{4,5,6\}\) where Lindblad operators correspond to the Pauli matrices and describe the decoherence of states. Using the average fidelity, we show that 3GHZ state is more robust than \(n\) GHZ state under most noisy channels. However, \(n\) GHZ state preserves same quantum information with respect to Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen and 3GHZ states where the noise is in \(x\) direction in which the fidelity remains unchanged. We explicitly show that Jung et al.’s conjecture (Phys Rev A 78:012312, 2008), namely “average fidelity with same-axis noisy channels is in general larger than average fidelity with different-axes noisy channels,” is not valid for 3GHZ and 4GHZ states.     

Effect of quantum noise on deterministic remote state preparation of an arbitrary two-particle state via various quantum entangled channels

As one of important research branches of quantum communication, deterministic remote state preparation (DRSP) plays a significant role in quantum network. Quantum noises are prevalent in quantum communication, and it can seriously affect the safety and reliability of quantum communication system. In this paper, we study the effect of quantum noise on deterministic remote state preparation of an arbitrary two-particle state via different quantum channels including the \(\chi \) state, Brown state and GHZ state. Firstly, the output states and fidelities of three DRSP algorithms via different quantum entangled channels in four noisy environments, including amplitude-damping, phase-damping, bit-flip and depolarizing noise, are presented, respectively. And then, the effects of noises on three kinds of preparation algorithms in the same noisy environment are discussed. In final, the theoretical analysis proves that the effect of noise in the process of quantum state preparation is only related to the noise type and the size of noise factor and independent of the different entangled quantum channels. Furthermore, another important conclusion is given that the effect of noise is also independent of how to distribute intermediate particles for implementing DRSP through quantum measurement during the concrete preparation process. These conclusions will be very helpful for improving the efficiency and safety of quantum communication in a noisy environment.     

Distinguishing quantum channels via magic squares game

We study the effect of quantum memory in magic squares game when played in quantum domain. We consider different noisy quantum channels and analyze their influence on the magic squares quantum pseudo-telepathy game. We show that the probability of success can be used to distinguish the quantum channels. It is seen that the mean success probability decreases with increase of quantum noise. Where as the mean success probability increases with increase of quantum memory. It is also seen that the behaviour of amplitude damping and phase damping channels is similar. On the other hand, the behaviour of depolarizing channel is similar to the flipping channels. Therefore, the probability of success of the game can be used to distinguish the quantum channels.     

Degradable channels,less noisy channels,and quantum statistical morphisms: An equivalence relation

Two partial orderings among communication channels, namely “being degradable into” and “being less noisy than,” are reconsidered in the light of recent results about statistical comparisons of quantum channels. Though our analysis covers at once both classical and quantum channels, we also provide a separate treatment of classical noisy channels and show how in this case an alternative self-contained proof can be constructed, with its own particular merits with respect to the general result.     

Different dynamics of classical and quantum correlations under decoherence

The dynamics of classical and quantum correlations under nondissipative and dissipative decoherences are analytically and numerically investigated with both one-side measures and two-side measures. Specifically, two qubits under local amplitude damping decoherence and depolarizing decoherence channels are considered. We show that, under the action of amplitude damping decoherence, both the entanglement and correlations of the different types of initial states with same initial values, suffer different types of dynamics. Moreover, the transfers of the entanglement and correlations between the system and the environment for different types of initial states are also shown to be different. While for the action of depolarizing decoherence, there does not exist sudden change in the decay rates of both the classical and quantum correlations, which is different from some other nondissipative channels. Furthermore, the quantum dissonance can be found to keep unchanged under the action of depolarizing decoherence. Such different dynamic behaviors of different noisy quantum decoherence channels reveal distinct transmission performance of classical and quantum information.     

Dynamics of measurement-induced nonlocality under decoherence

Measurement-induced nonlocality (MIN)—captures nonlocal effects of a quantum state due to local von Neumann projective measurements, is a bona-fide measure of quantum correlation between constituents of a composite system. In this paper, we study the dynamical behavior of entanglement (measured by concurrence), Hilbert–Schmidt MIN and fidelity-based MIN (F-MIN) under local noisy channels such as hybrid (consists of bit flip, phase flip and bit-phase flip), generalized amplitude damping (GAD) and depolarizing channels for the initial Bell diagonal state. We observed that while sudden death of entanglement occurs in hybrid and GAD channels, MIN and F-MIN are more robust against such noises. Finally, we demonstrate the revival of MIN and F-MIN after a dark point of time against depolarizing noise.