大型体育馆悬挑屋盖风压特性的试验研究

通过对宝安体育馆进行风洞试验 ,对体育馆悬挑屋盖的平均风压和脉动风压分布以及总升力进行了分析讨论 ,并进一步对体育馆屋盖的测点脉动风压功率谱进行了分析。屋盖悬臂梁的迎风面和背风面的测点脉动风压功率谱表现出显著的差异 ,迎风面测点的脉动风压功率谱曲线在较低的频率出现驼峰 ,而背风面测点的脉动风压功率谱曲线在较高的频率出现驼峰。测点脉动风压功率谱曲线上出现的驼峰可能与测点所在区域的漩涡的脱落有关。有关结论对进一步开展大跨屋盖的研究提供了一定的参考依据。     

复杂型体悬挑屋盖风荷载风洞试验与数值模拟

基于Fluent 6.1软件平台,将Realizablek-ε模型与非平衡壁面函数搭配使用,对位于海岛强台风地区的某海洋文化中心屋盖风压分布进行了计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟,同时也对该建筑进行了风洞试验。模拟结果与风洞试验数据的对比显示数值模拟可较准确地反映实际风压。风洞试验和数值模拟均显示悬挑屋盖受到了很大的吸力,对屋盖结构极为不利,对此问题采取在屋盖悬挑部分开洞的减压措施,以改善屋盖悬挑部分的受风特性。对开洞后的建筑进行了CFD建模与计算,结果表明在屋面前缘开洞可有效降低屋盖悬挑部分的最大风压和所受的竖向升力,大大改善屋盖结构的受力状态。     

考虑特征湍流影响的体育场悬挑屋盖脉动风压谱模型

基于风洞试验对体育场悬挑屋盖的脉动风压谱进行系统研究,旨在得到适用于此类结构的脉动风压谱模型,为风振响应分析提供必要的信息。通过对屋盖表面脉动风压进行谱分析,可知在屋盖前缘处的风压谱与来流风速谱较接近,但屋盖后缘处则差异很大,表现出明显的漩涡脱落特征。因此脉动风压自谱采用来流谱与漩涡脱落谱相结合的形式来描述,并通过权数因子体现屋盖表面不同位置处流场作用的特点。对于脉动风压互谱则用指数衰减函数来表示,并确定了适用于悬挑屋盖的衰减系数。为验证所提出风压谱模型的有效性及特征湍流对风致效应的影响,对系列悬挑屋盖结构进行风振响应分析,风荷载时程分别采用风洞试验测得的风压时程、基于建议风压谱模型模拟生成的风压时程、按拟定常假设生成的风压时程。基于建议模型得到的响应结果与试验结果基本一致,基于拟定常假设的风振响应极值偏小10%～15%,均方根值偏小30%～40%,脉动风压谱建模中不可忽略特征湍流的影响。     

数值风洞在大跨屋盖结构风荷载确定中的应用

运用计算流体力学数值模拟技术对大跨屋盖结构表面风荷载进行了研究。对平屋面和曲面屋面表面风压分布进行了数值模拟。在此基础上,对大庆石油学院体育馆屋盖表面进行了风洞试验和数值模拟的对比研究,并对大射电望远镜FAST反射面的风压分布及其周围流场进行了数值模拟,为该工程的结构抗风设计提供了参考。     

Wind effects on a long-span beam string roof structure: Wind tunnel test, field measurement and numerical analysis

The Guangzhou International Convention & Exhibition Center (GICEC) with roof dimensions of 210 m wide and 457 m long is the largest exhibition center in Asia and the 2nd largest of this kind in the world. This paper presents results from a combined study of wind tunnel test, full-scale measurement, and numerical analysis of wind effects on the long-span beam string roof structure. In the wind tunnel test, wind-induced pressures including mean and fluctuating components were measured from the roof of a 1:300 scale GICEC model under suburban boundary layer wind flow configuration. The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method and the quasi-steady approach as well as probability analysis were adopted to estimate the characteristics of the fluctuating wind pressures on the roof. On the other hand, full-scale measurements of wind actions and wind-induced structural responses of the roof were conducted during the passage of Typhoon Nuri. The field data such as wind speed, wind direction, and acceleration responses, etc., were continuously and simultaneously monitored from a wind and structural response monitoring system installed on the roof structure during the typhoon. Detailed analysis of the field data was performed to investigate the characteristics of the typhoon-generated wind and the wind-induced vibration of the long-span roof structure under typhoon condition. The dynamic characteristics of the roof were determined from the field measurements and comparisons with those calculated from the finite element model (FEM) of the structure were made. The damping ratios of the roof structure were estimated by means of the random decrement method and the amplitude-dependent damping characteristics were presented and discussed. Finally, the full-scale measurements were compared with the model test results to examine the accuracy of the wind tunnel test results and to identify possible modelling errors in the numerical study. The results presented in this paper are expected to be of considerable interest and of use to researchers and professionals involved in designing long-span roof structures.     

椭圆形平面鞍形屋盖风压的数值模拟

现行<建筑结构荷载规范>并未给出椭圆形平面鞍形屋盖的风荷载体型系数,针对这个问题,基于数值风洞方法具有成本低,速度快,结果采集更为全面等显著优点,利用 CFD 知识,运用 FLUENT 软件,对椭圆形平面鞍形屋盖的平均风压力系数进行了数值模拟,重点讨论了风向角对数值模拟结果的影响,为合理确定椭圆形平面鞍形屋盖的平均风压...     

1/4球面开口屋盖风荷载体型系数的数值模拟分析

基于计算流体力学（CFD）理论,采用雷诺时均法,利用FLUENT软件对1/4球面开口屋盖进行数值风洞模拟.计算得出屋盖表面的风压分布,进而得出不同风向作用下结构的风荷载体型系数,以供工程设计参考.计算结果表明,利用数值风洞模拟建筑物表面风荷载体型系数是可靠的.     

风致内外压下圆弧形落地大跨屋盖结构风荷载特性

对某墙面开洞的圆弧形落地大跨钢屋盖机场航站楼风荷载特性进行了风洞试验研究;基于计算流体力学软件FIUENT 6.3,采用RNG ?κ-ε?湍流模型对墙面开洞屋盖结构的内外表面平均风压系数分布、分区净体型系数、风速矢量以及风场流迹线等风荷载特性进行了系统研究,并将数值模拟结果与风洞试验结果进行比较分析。结果表明:数值模拟的净体型系数和平均风压系数分布规律与试验结果吻合良好;墙面洞口全开的情况下,由于迎风洞口与背风洞口处压力差的作用,屋盖内表面风压均表现为风吸力,风压分布亦受到洞口的影响;墙面洞口对屋盖上表面平均风压系数分布影响较小;屋盖迎风挑檐区域受到风荷载下顶上吸的叠加作用,最大净体型系数达-2.83。     

上海铁路南站平均风荷载的风洞试验和数值模拟

介绍了上海铁路南站模型风洞试验和风荷载数值模拟的主要结果。通过风洞试验,给出了这一大跨度屋盖结构在无周边建筑和有周边建筑情况下屋面的风压分布特性。总的来说,挑篷迎风前缘有较大的负压,且梯度较大;前缘中部压力系数接近零;屋盖顶部又呈现负压状态;屋盖背风处一般是正压。同时,基于CFX5.5软件平台,利用RSM湍流模型,对屋盖上的平均风压进行了数值模拟,并将计算结果与测压模型风洞试验数据进行了对比。对比结果显示两者较为吻合。此外,通过降低悬挑部分的高度以研究几何参数变化对平均风荷载的影响。数值模拟表明,降低悬挑高度可以显著减小悬挑部分的平均风荷载。     

平面T形低矮房屋风荷载特性风洞试验与数值分析

对复杂体型的平面T形低矮双坡屋面房屋的风荷载特性进行了风洞试验研究,得到了屋面风压系数以及各屋面体型系数的变化规律;采用计算流体力学软件FLUENT建立了数值风洞模型,在数值分析结果与风洞试验结果吻合良好的基础上,对影响屋面平均风压系数及体型系数的风攻角、屋面坡角、檐口高度、房屋几何尺寸和屋面形式等参数进行了详细分析。结果表明:屋面坡角和风攻角对屋面风压系数的影响显著;在不同风攻角作用下,迎风屋面屋檐及屋脊附近形成较高负压;当屋面处于背风区域时,风压系数分布较均匀;四坡屋面坡角为30°时屋脊背风区域易形成较大负压,局部更易遭受破坏。     

大跨悬挑屋盖风压数值模拟及减风措施

运用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法进行了屋盖表面风荷载数值模拟,并与风洞试验结果进行了对比。在此基础上对加设女儿墙后的屋盖进行了CFD建模与计算,结果显示加设女儿墙可有效降低屋盖悬挑部分的最大风压和弯矩,并使屋盖上表面风压均匀化,可改善屋盖结构的受力状态。     

Large eddy simulation of wind effects on a long-span complex roof structure

This paper presents a combined study of numerical simulations and wind tunnel tests for the determinations of wind effects on a long-span complex roof of the Shenzhen New Railway Station Building. The main objective of this study is to present an effective approach for the estimations of wind effects on a complex roof by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. A new inflow turbulence generator called the discretizing and synthesizing random flow generation (DSRFG) approach was applied to simulate inflow boundary conditions of a turbulent flow field. A new one-equation dynamic subgrid scale (SGS) model was adopted for the large eddy simulations (LES) of wind effects on the station building. The wind-induced pressures on the roof and turbulent flow fields around the station building were thus calculated based upon the DSRFG approach and the new SGS model integrated with the FLUENT software. In parallel with the numerical investigation, simultaneous pressure measurements on the entire station building were made in a boundary layer wind tunnel to determine the mean, fluctuating, and peak pressure coefficient distributions. The numerically predicted results were found to be consistent with the wind tunnel test data. The comparative study demonstrated that the recommended inflow turbulence generation technique and the new SGS model as well as the associated numerical treatments are useful tools for structural engineers to assess wind effects on long-span complex roofs and irregularly shaped buildings at the design stage.     

BLWT tests and design loads on the roof of the new olympic stadium in Piraeus

The paper introduces some peculiar and innovative aspects by the experimental tests carried out in a boundary-layer wind tunnel (BLWT) for the design of the roof of the new Olympic soccer stadium in Piraeus, Greece, using simultaneous pressure measurements and state-of-the-art processing techniques. The wind tunnel data are then used for the numerical simulation of the quasi-static response of the structure in the time domain, so obtaining the time histories of the structural response. The extreme values of the wind effects are evaluated directly from the statistical analysis of the corresponding time histories and are compared with those from dead loads. Finally the uniform pressure distributions are identified which produce the same extreme values of wind effects.     

Large-eddy simulation of wind effects on a super-tall building in urban environment conditions

A combined study of large-eddy simulation (LES), wind tunnel testing and full-scale measurement is conducted for the evaluation of wind effects on a super-tall building in a complex urban area. To validate the numerical simulations, the wind tunnel experiments including synchronous multi-pressure and high-frequency force balance model tests are conducted in a boundary layer wind tunnel laboratory. The numerical predictions are then compared with the experimental results, demonstrating that the LES can provide comparable predictions of the wind effects on the super-tall building. Furthermore, the cross-validation of the predicted displacement responses by the LES against the wind tunnel and full-scale measurements are presented and the agreement among them is reasonably good. The main objective of this study is to explore an effective numerical approach for the accurate estimation of wind effects on tall buildings in urban environment conditions and promote the practical use of the LES in the wind-resistant design of complex structures.     

义乌游泳馆倒置铝合金格构式屋盖设计

义乌游泳馆屋盖采用大跨度倒置式铝合金格构式结构在我国工程应用中尚属首次。由于这种屋盖具有风敏感的柔性结构的特点,本文通过风洞试验和数值仿真分析对"盆式"外形的风荷载体型系数和风致响应进行了深入研究。阐述了铝合金格构式屋盖的设计方法,并对分析结果进行了讨论。     

大坡度膜结构屋面风荷载特性

以杭州游泳馆膜结构屋顶为例，本文通过风洞模拟实验的方法研究了大坡工膜结构屋面的风荷载特性。研究结果表明，此类结构的风荷载特性具有一定的规律。并且对表面形状的变化十分敏感。为了保证结构的安全性和经济性，在进行结构设计前进行适当的风洞实验是非常必要的。     

数值模拟引导下的建筑风洞试验研究

提出了采用"数值模拟引导下的风洞试验"这一新方法来研究复杂建筑结构的风荷载问题,并以内蒙古博物馆与乌兰恰特大剧院工程为例,介绍了这种方法的实现过程及其优点。通过在先进的数值模拟平台上建立适当的数值风洞模型,对建筑物在若干个主导风向角下的平均风荷载分布进行数值模拟仿真计算;参照计算结果,对结构的风压分布趋势作出科学的判断,找出最不利的风压分布区域,以对刚性模型测压风洞试验的测点布置方案进行优化,使试验能捕捉结构的最不利风荷载;最后将风洞试验结果与数值预测结果进行相互比较和验证,在此基础上给出静力风荷载的设计建议。工程应用表明,这种新方法指导的结构风荷载风洞试验研究更具有针对性,测点位置和数目得到优化而使试验方案更加合理,因此试验结果也更加可靠。     

广东科学中心风洞试验研究

广东科学中心屋面结构形式独特,现行规范无可供参考的体型系数,风振计算也无直接引用的方法。通过风洞模拟试验,得出了该屋面各区域的风压分布和最高最低风压峰值等参数。为确定风振系数,进行结构设计提供了依据。     

温州东海广场风荷载数值模拟与风洞试验研究

对温州东海广场工程这一具有较大截面长宽比的复杂高层建筑进行了风荷载数值模拟和风洞试验研究。首先,在工程预研阶段用数值模拟方法计算得到了主要风向角工况下结构表面的平均风荷载分布。然后,参考数值模拟计算结果,引导进行风荷载风洞试验的测点布置方案,进行风洞模拟试验研究。最后,将数值计算结果和风洞试验数据进行了对比,显示数值模拟计算和风洞试验结果两者吻合较好。研究表明,综合采用数值模拟和风洞试验研究,可以较为准确地把握复杂建筑结构的风荷载分布,这种方法有助于提高结构抗风研究的水平。     

新型抗风耗能装置在低矮房屋中布置方式的风洞试验研究

针对低矮房屋受台风作用极易损坏的问题,提出一种在低矮房屋上安装新型抗风耗能装置的防护方法。为寻求新型耗能装置的最优布置方式,使耗能装置效用最大化,针对将装置安装在双坡屋盖边缘、屋脊以及联合导流板工作等6种安装工况,通过风洞试验,研究抗风装置系统对屋面峰值风压和平均风压的影响,并对6种工况进行数值模拟分析,数值模拟结果与风洞试验一致。进行了耗能装置几何参数的优化研究,探讨了叶尖速比、叶轮根部安装角和叶根对叶尖扭角对耗能系数的影响。研究表明:安装耗能装置能有效预防屋面受风损坏;在迎风侧屋檐上部,结合导流板与抗风装置联合工作的方式能显著降低负风压对屋面结构的不利影响,这种安装方式在任一风向角下都显著降低了屋面平均风压系数极值(包括迎、背风面),降低幅度可达40%。