（Y—ZrO2）—SiCw—Al2O3陶瓷复合材料的摩擦磨损

本文对Ａｌ２Ｏ３基陶瓷复合材料Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＣｗ进行了干摩擦磨损试验，并运用了ＳＥＭ，ＴＥＭ和ＸＲＤ等手段对其显微结构、力学性能及它们与ＧＣｒ１５钢对摩时的摩擦磨损行为进行了系统分析，在此基础上深入探讨了ＳｉＣ面增韧补强作用对复俣材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响。     

（Y－ZrO_2）－SiCw－Al_2O_3陶瓷复合材料的摩擦磨损

本文对Ａｌ２Ｏ３基陶瓷复合材料Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＣｗ进行了干摩擦磨损试验，并运用了ＳＥＭ，ＴＥＭ和ＸＲＤ等手段对其显微结构、力学性能及它们与ＧＣｒ１５钢对摩时的摩擦磨损行为进行了系统分析，在此基础上深入探讨了ＳｉＣ晶须（ＳｉＣｗ）增韧补强作用对复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响。     

晶内型Al2O3—SiC纳米复合陶瓷的制备

研究了沉淀法制备Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＣ纳米复合陶瓷的工艺过程，利用Ａｌ２Ｏ３从γ相到α相的蠕虫状生长过程，使大部分纳米ＳｉＣ颗粒位于Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶粒内，用沉淀法制得的、含有５ｖｏｌ％ＳｉＣ的Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＣ纳米复合陶瓷，其强度为４６７ＭＰａ，韧性为４．７ＭＰａ．ｍ＾１／２，与一般的Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷相比有较大的提高，显示了沉淀法制备Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＣ纳米复合陶瓷的优点。     

O′-Sialon-ZrO2-SiC复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

研究了Ｏ‘－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ－ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＣ复合材料在室温和６００℃的摩擦磨损行为。研究表明,在实验条件下,Ｏ’－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ－ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＣ复合材料的磨损率远低于不锈钢的磨损率,Ｏ‘－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ－ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＣ／不锈钢摩擦副间的磨损机制主要是粘着磨损。分形结果研究表明,分形维数与磨损存在对应关系,即分形维数越大,材料磨损越严重,复合材料磨损界面的分形维数在１．２６￣１．３８之间。     

金属-陶瓷复合涂层摩擦学特性的SEM和SEAM研究

在ＳＲＶ摩擦磨损试验机上进行常温干摩擦试验,比较了ＣｏＣｒＭｏＳｉ＋Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３ＺｒＯ_２和ＣｏＣｒＭｏＳｉ＋Ｆｅ_３Ｏ_４两种大气等离子喷涂金属－陶瓷复合涂层以及Ｃ１Ｍｎ１Ｃｒ１碳钢涂层与３５＃中碳钢对磨的摩擦学特性;利用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）和扫描电声显微镜（ＳＥＡＭ）观察了磨损表面和亚表层的显微结构,分析了金属－陶瓷复合涂层的磨损机理．结果表明,粘着磨损占主导地位,同时存在微切削和微裂纹的扩展、连接．     

UHMWPE-SiAlON陶瓷摩擦副的生物摩擦学特性及机理的研究

为了探索ＳｉＡｌＯＮ陶瓷与超高分子量聚乙烯（ＵＮＭＷ－ＰＥ）组合作为人工关节置换材料的可能性,利用Ｆａｌｅｘ摩擦磨损实验机测定了ＳｉＡｌＯＮ陶瓷与ＵＨＭＷＰＥ在３７℃、血浆润滑条件下的生物摩擦学性能。同时,在扫描电镜下观察了摩擦副表面形貌。实验结果表明ＵＨＭＷＰＥ－ＳｉＡｌＯＮ陶瓷摩擦副的摩擦系数为０．０６,ＵＨＭＷＰＥ的磨损系数小于８．４５×１０－１０ｍｍ３／（Ｎ·ｍ）。表面轮廓仪对摩擦磨损前后ＳｉＡｌＯＮ陶瓷表面测试,未发现明显变化,说明陶瓷磨损甚微。根据ＸＰＳ分析结果,提出了生物摩擦磨损机理。     

SiC颗粒尺寸对Al2O3-SiC纳米复合陶瓷的影响

采用非均相沉积法制备含有不同粒径ＳｉＣ颗粒的Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＣ复合粉体,粉体呈Ａｌ２Ｏ３包裹ＳｉＣ的开貌,经热压烧结获得致密烧结体,通过ＳＥＭ观察,Ａｌ２Ｏ３基体晶粒尺寸随着加入ＳｉＣ颗粒粒径的减小而减小。但减小的趋势比Ｚｅｎｅｒ模型预测的弱,力学性能随着加入ＳｉＣ颗粒粒径的减小而得到改善,这主要同ＳｉＣ颗粒对基体的弱化作用减弱及基体粒径变小有关。     

Ce-TZP-(Al2O3)陶瓷与Cr12钢的摩擦磨损行为

本文研究了Ｃｅ－ＴＺＰ－（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）陶瓷在不同载荷（１００￣５００Ｎ），不同介质环境（空气、水、醋酸、氨水）下与Ｃｒ１２钢的磨擦磨损特性。根据磨损前后摩擦副表面形貌特征下相成份变化，分析了氧化锆陶瓷的磨损机理。１０００Ｎ时，干摩擦摩擦系数与磨损率较高，此时磨损机理以磨粒磨损为主，在液体介质中摩擦系数与磨损率都较低，磨损机理以分层剥落为主；２００Ｎ以上时，陶瓷摩擦面上发生马氏体相变，磨损机理以脆性     

碳化硅和氧化铝陶瓷的热等静压氮化

通过对无压烧结、热压烧结和热等静压烧结ＳＩＣ陶瓷以及热压烧结的ＳｉＣ粒子补强Ａｌ２Ｏ３基复相陶瓷（ＳｉＣｐ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３）和ＳｉＣ粒子与ＳｉＣ晶须共同增强的Ａｌ２Ｏ３基复合材料（ＳｉＣｐ－ＳｉＣｗ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３）在氮气氛中进行高温氮化处理，成功地实现了这些材料的开口气孔表面裂纹的愈合。研究表明：热等静压氯化工艺可以显著提高ＳｉＣ和Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷的抗弯强度，对断裂韧性也有较大的改善作用。对于热等静压烧结ＳｉＣ陶瓷，在１８５０℃和２００ＭＰａ氮气压力下氯化处理１小时后，其抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别由５８２ＭＰａ和５．７ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２提高到９０７ＭＰａ和８．４ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２；对于热压烧结的ＳｉＣｐ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复相陶瓷和ＳｉＣｐ－ＳｉＣｗ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合材料，在１７００℃和１５０ＭＰａ氮气压力下氮化处理１小时后，其室温抗弯强度分别由４６０和７０５ＭＰａ提高到８９５和１０３３ＭＰａ。     

Al2O3—TiC—Co与Al2O3—TiC陶瓷冲蚀磨损行为的比较研究

通过特殊的化学处理方法，完成了对Ａｌ２Ｏ３及ＴｉＣ陶瓷粉末的钴包覆，将包覆后的两种粉安７０ｗｔ％Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｃｏ和３０ｗｔ％ＴｉＣ－Ｃｏ的比例混合烧结出硬度和韧性都较理想的Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ－Ｃｏ（ＡＴＣ）精细陶瓷，通过ＳＥＭ观察研究其冲饥蚀磨损行为，并对ＡＴ３０（７０ｗｔ％Ａｌ２Ｏ３－３０ｗｔ％ＴｉＣ）和ＡＴＣ陶瓷的冲蚀行为机制进行了比较研究，与ＡＴ３０陶瓷相比，ＡＴＣ陶瓷良好的综合力学性能和细     

Cr2O3涂层/SiC块体在水润滑下的磨损机制和润滑状态

本文以等离子喷涂Cr2O3涂层和SiC块体组成摩擦副，考察其在水润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能，应用SEM、XPS等技术观察和分析了磨痕和磨屑的形貌、元素分布和物相组成．目的是揭示该摩擦副在不同工况条件下的磨损机制和润滑状态．结果表明：Cr2O3涂层／SiC块体摩擦副的摩擦系数和磨损系数都非常小；Cr2O3涂层的磨损机理为气孔边缘的微断裂和塑性变形；SiC的磨损表现为摩擦化学反应生成SiO2及SiO2在水中的溶解．Cr2O3涂层和SiC块体的磨损对载荷和速度的稳定性较好．摩擦副在高载荷低速时处于边界润滑状态，在低载荷或高速情况下处于部分弹流润滑状态．     

铜钛硅碳石墨合金材料摩擦磨损性能研究

为研究铜钛硅碳石墨合金材料摩擦磨损性能,通过常规的粉末冶金方法制备了铜钛硅碳石墨材料。对样品硬度等性能的测试,选择出87%Cu的最优配方。再用无流磨损和载流磨损实验测试其摩擦磨损性能,进而通过扫描电镜对磨损表面进行观察,探讨摩擦磨损机理。结果表明,无流磨损过程中,磨损量呈线性增长,磨损的主要形式为梨削;载流磨损过程中,磨损量呈非线性增长,随着行程的增加,磨损率降低,磨损的主要形式有梨削和电弧烧损,磨损率降低可能是杂质Al相弥散强化铜基体所致,其微观机理是一个复杂的各种机理的组合。     

Effect of volume fraction of carbon fibers on wear behavior of Al/Al2O3/C hybrid metal matrix composites

Wear behavior of Al/Al₂O₃/C hybrid metal matrix composites fabricated by squeeze casting method was characterized. The effects of volume fraction of carbon fiber on wear behavior of hybrid composites was investigated. Wear behavior of Al/Al₂O₃/C composites was characterized by the dry spindle wear test under various sliding speeds.

The wear resistance of Al/Al₂O₃/C composites was remarkably improved over Al/Al₂O₃ composites by adding carbon fibers to Al/Al₂O₃/C composites. Specifically, at the intermediate sliding speed the wear resistance of Al/Al₂O₃/C composites containing 8 vol.% carbon fiber was found to be better than that of the rest of the carbon hybrid composites. From fractographic studies, damaged sections in wear surfaces of hybrid composites at intermediate sliding speed were not observed due to the formation of solid lubrication film. The solid lubrication film which was formed as a result of adding carbon fibers improved the wear resistance of carbon hybrid composites because this film reduced the high friction force between MMCs and counter material.     

Effect of the SiC particle size on the dry sliding wear behavior of SiC and SiC–Gr-reinforced Al6061 composites

The effect of size of silicon carbide particles on the dry sliding wear properties of composites with three different sized SiC particles (19, 93, and 146 μm) has been studied. Wear behavior of Al6061/10 vol% SiC and Al6061/10 vol% SiC/5 vol% graphite composites processed by in situ powder metallurgy technique has been investigated using a pin-on-disk wear tester. The debris and wear surfaces of samples were identified using SEM. It was found that the porosity content and hardness of Al/10SiC composites decreased by 5 vol% graphite addition. The increased SiC particle size reduced the porosity, hardness, volume loss, and coefficient of friction of both types of composites. Moreover, the hybrid composites exhibited lower coefficient of friction and wear rates. The wear mechanism changed from mostly adhesive and micro-cutting in the Al/10SiC composite containing fine SiC particles to the prominently abrasive and delamination wear by increasing of SiC particle size. While the main wear mechanism for the unreinforced alloy was adhesive wear, all the hybrid composites were worn mainly by abrasion and delamination mechanisms.     

Quantitative evaluation on wear resistance of aluminum alloy composites densely packed with SiC particles

Abstract

Wear behaviour was investigated for high volume fraction SiC particulate reinforced aluminum alloy composites by considering the shear stress acting on the specimen and the wear debris formed during sliding wear. The SEM morphology of worn subsurfaces showed that particles are fragmented, mechanically mixed, and then aligned in the wear direction caused by normal and tangential stresses. Wear debris were initially tiny lumps but finally delaminated due to the shear stress. A theoretical wear model was proposed for plastically deformable specimens worn by a rigid non-deformable steel ring by analysing the interspacing of SiC particles and the tangential stress applied to the worn surface. Predictions of this theoretical wear model were in good agreement with experimental results.     

Dry sliding wear behavior of cast SiC-reinforced Al MMCs

Dry sliding block-on-ring wear tests were performed on a squeeze cast A390 Al alloy, a high pressure die cast 20%SiC–Al MMC, and a newly developed as-cast 50%SiC–Al MMC. The testing conditions spanned the transition that control the mild to severe wear for all materials. The results show that the sliding wear resistance increases as SiC particle volume fraction increases. The critical transition temperature, at which wear rates transit from mild to severe, also increases with increasing SiC content. Examination of the wear surfaces, the subsurface characteristics, and the wear debris indicate that a hard ‘mechanically alloyed’ layer, high in SiC content, forms on the sliding surface of the 50%SiC composite. This layer prevents the surface adhesion wear mechanisms active in the A390 alloy, and it inhibits delamination wear mechanisms that control the mild wear of the 20%SiC composite. As a result, mild wear of the 50%SiC composite occurs by an oxidation process. In the 20%SiC material, severe wear occurs as a consequence of material removal by a flow-related extrusion-like process. In contrast, the high SiC content prevents plasticity in the 50%SiC composite, which eventually is susceptible to severe wear at very high temperatures (≈450 °C) due to a near-brittle cracking processes.     

几种等离子涂层在蒸馏水润滑下的摩擦学特性

研究了等离子喷涂Cr₃C₂-NiCr、WC-Co和Cr₂O₃涂层自配对以及Cr₂O₃涂层与WC＋Co硬质合金和增韧SiC陶瓷配对在蒸馏水润滑下的摩擦学特性．结果发现：三种涂层自配对组成摩擦副在水润滑下,以Cr₂O₃涂层的耐磨性能最好,显示出＜10^-6mm³N^-1m^-1的磨损系数;三种涂层的磨损机理均主要表现为裂纹扩展和颗粒断裂,涂层的断裂韧性越高,气孔率和微裂纹长度越低,其耐磨性能越好．异质材料配对能有效地改善Cr₂O₃涂层的摩擦学特性,这主要与摩擦副材料的表面状态及摩擦化学反应有关．     

无压熔渗制备TiC/Ti3SiC2复合材料高速载流摩擦磨损性能

采用无压熔渗反应烧结技术制备了TiC/Ti₃SiC₂复合材料,通过HST-100型载流摩擦磨损试验机,在60~90 m/s滑动速度范围内,对TiC/Ti₃SiC₂复合材料的高速载流摩擦磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明：当与HSLA80配副时,TiC/Ti₃SiC₂的摩擦磨损性能与摩擦速度和TiC含量呈现出一定的相关性。当摩擦速度小于80 m/s时,摩擦表面出现具有减磨作用的熔融状态的均匀分布氧化膜（FeTiO₃和Fe_2.35Ti_0.65O₄）,呈现山脊及犁沟状形貌,磨损机制以磨粒切削磨损、氧化磨损及粘着磨损为主;当摩擦速度超过80 m/s时,摩擦表面出现不均匀分布的氧化膜,呈现孤峰状形貌,磨损机制以氧化磨损及电弧烧蚀磨损为主。相同实验条件下,摩擦系数随着TiC含量的增加而增大,磨损率随之降低。     

Ca-(Mg)-Sialon陶瓷的水基润滑研究

利用SRV球-盘磨损实验机考察了Sialon陶瓷在空气、水及三种钠盐溶液中的摩擦学性能,并用X光电子能借（XPS）揭示了摩擦化学反应对Sialon陶瓷摩擦学性能的影响．研究表明,在空气及水中,CM-60（（Ca,Mg）-α-Sialon）都具有比C-60（Ca-α-Sialon）好的抗磨性;水降低了两种Sialon陶瓷（CM-60和C-60）的摩擦系数,但增大了其磨损体积．CM-60在三种钠盐溶液中的磨损体积顺序为：硝酸钠＞磷酸钠＞次亚磷酸钠;CM-60在三种钠盐溶液及水中的摩擦系数顺序为：硝酸钠＞水＞次亚磷酸钠＞磷酸钠．XPS分析表明,水同Sialon陶瓷表面氧化物的反应,造成了陶瓷的腐蚀磨损,从而,在水及盐溶液中,Sialon陶瓷的磨损体积都有所增加．     

Tribological Behavior of Ti3SiC2—based Material

The wear and friction properties of Ti3SiC2-based materials were studied using the pin-on-disc method. The friction coefficient of Ti3SiC2-based material was not very sensitive to normal load, the steady state value, μ, increased from 0.4 to 0.5 when the normal load increased from 7.7 N to 14.7 N. The wear volume for Ti3SiC2 disc increased with increasing normal load or sliding distance in the tests. The average wear rate of Ti3SiC2-based material was 9.9×10-5 mm3/Nm. The debris on the Ti3SiC2 disc was essentially made up of Ti3SiC2 and steel pin materials, while the debris on the steel sliders was generally pin material. The wear mechanism was concluded as the fracture and delamination of Ti3SiC2-based materials followed by adhesive wear of steel sliders.