钨合金白口铸铁衬板的研究和应用

球磨机是加工矿粉的重要设备，衬板是球磨机上的关键备件，其耐磨性直接影响磨机效率和粉料研磨成本，普通高锰钢衬板加工硬化效果差，耐磨性低，使用寿命短，更换频繁，我国钨资源丰富，以钨为主要合金元素，开发了钨合金白口铸铁衬板，钨合金白口铸铁脆性大，直接制造衬板易断裂，研究了碱金属元素K，Na对其组织和性能的影响，结果表明，钨合金白口铸铁经K，Na变质处理后，共晶碳化物由网状分布变成断网状，团球状分布，碳化物明显细化和分布均匀化，碳化物形态的改善导致钨合金白口铸铁的冲击韧性和抗冲击磨损性能明显提高，变质钨合金白口铸铁衬板应用于球磨机研磨矿粉，使用安全，可靠，寿命达到高锰钢衬板的3倍以上。     

不同磨矿介质对金川铜镍矿浮选的影响研究

以金川硫化铜镍矿石为研究对象,通过浮选试验研究了不锈钢球、锆球、铸铁球三种介质磨矿时硫化铜镍矿石的浮选行为。结果表明,锆球磨矿可获得最高的回收率,铸铁球磨矿时脉石上浮量大。使用AFM、ICP等研究了磨矿产品表面形貌、电化学性质等的差异,结果表明,锆球磨矿时颗粒表面较为平整,矿浆电位较高,铸铁球磨矿时,颗粒表面较为粗糙,矿浆中检出较多铁离子,矿浆电位较低,这些差别导致了矿石浮选行为的差异。     

Wear performance and cost effectiveness––a criterion for the selection of grinding media for wet milling in mineral processing operations

Experiments to evaluate the milling performance, hence the relative cost effectiveness index of selected grinding media were conducted in a laboratory scale ball mill. The five types of grinding mill balls studied were eutectoid steel, low alloy steel, medium chromium cast iron, cast semi-steel and unalloyed white cast iron. The results obtained show that the heat-treated medium chromium cast iron ball possess a superior combination microstructure, wear resistance, and despite its high price per tonne, cost effectiveness.     

多元低合金贝氏体铸钢的研究和应用

以Si、Mn、Cr为主要合金元素,加入少量Mo、V、Ti、B及稀土进行微合金化和变质处理,在空冷淬火条件下,获得了综合性能优良的贝氏体组织。本文主要介绍了多元低合金空冷贝氏体铸钢的成分、组织和性能,这种材料具有优良的强韧性和耐磨性,用于制造破碎矿石的颚板和研磨矿粉的磨机衬板,使用寿命比高锰钢提高1.5～2.5倍,用于制造球磨机磨球,磨耗比普通锻钢球和低铬铸铁球低50%～80%,和高铬铸铁球相当;用于制造铁矿粉输送管道,寿命比16Mn钢提高3～4倍。多元低合金空冷贝氏体铸钢生产工艺简单,贵重合金元素加入量少,生产成本低,应用于矿山行业,可明显提高破磨设备运转率,降低矿粉加工成本。     

某鞍山式贫赤铁矿石选矿试验

为了给某鞍山式贫赤铁矿石的开发利用提供依据,对该矿石进行了磨矿钢球制度优化和选别工艺试验研究。结果表明：对于试验所用φ160 mm×180 mm球磨机,以直径为15、20和25 mm的3种钢球（质量比依次为24%、36%、40%）作为磨矿介质,可为后续分选提供泥化程度较轻的磨矿产品。在该钢球制度下,将矿石磨至-0.071 mm占75%,采用分级-重选-磁选-反浮选工艺流程进行分选,可获得铁品位和铁回收率分别为66.69%和76.22%的综合铁精矿。     

精确化装补球技术在黄金氰化细磨球磨机中的研究

Absrtact: Overflow ball mill is a common equipment in fine grinding of gold cyanide. There are problems of high energy consumption and ball consumption in fine grinding ball mill of Jinqiling gold mine cyanide plant in Shandong province. In order to solve this problem, the fine grinding ball mill is studied by precise ball filling technology. Firstly, the mechanical properties of the ore are tested by the rock mechanics experimental system, and the preliminary pellet scheme is calculated accurately by using the semi-theoretical formula of the diameter of the ball of Duan, and a precise supplementary pellet scheme is proposed on the basis of these. The results show that compared with the original steel ball system, the processing capacity of the mill is increased by 1,915 tons and 179 tons, and the grinding fineness is increased by 3.88% and 1.78%, respectively, by using steel ball and short cylindrical cast iron as grinding media. When cast iron is used as grinding medium, the grinding fineness index is better than that of steel ball, but the ball consumption is higher. Therefore, accurate ball filling technology can effectively reduce the energy consumption of overflow ball mill in large gold cyanide plant, and has a good promotion value.     

Influence of galvanic interaction between chalcopyrite and some metallic materials on flotation

Galvanic interactions between the grinding media and the ground mineral inside a ball mill could not only accelerate the media wear but also adversely affect the flotation response of the ground mineral. Rest potential, combination potential and galvanic current measurements were carried out to understand the probable electrochemical interactions between chalcopyrite and several metallic electrodes such as platinum, stainless steel, hyper steel, mild steel and cast iron. Flotation recovery of chalcopyrite was found to be significantly lowered when contacted with hyper steel, mild steel or cast iron prior to flotation unlike with platinum or stainless steel. The influence of the presence of collector during galvanic interaction as well as the effect of relaxation for fresh and galvanically interacted chalcopyrite samples were also studied with respect to its floatability. AES and ESCA analyses indicated that galvanic coupling of chalcopyrite with a hyper steel grinding medium resulted in the formation of hydroxide or oxide species of iron on the mineral surface. An electrochemical mechanism is proposed to explain the mineral-grinding media interaction and its effect on flotation.     

应用铸铁段在金川磨矿中的节能降耗研究

在铸铁段用于金川磨矿的实践中,发现钢球更换为铸铁段后磨矿细度均有不同程度的提高,说明铸铁段对提高磨矿细度有利,而且铸铁段要求的磨机充填率低。在钢球作为磨矿介质时,球磨机的电单耗在32.54kW·h/t,而铸铁段作为磨矿介质时,球磨机的电单耗为30.87kW·h/t,降低了1.67个百分点。在钢球更换为铸铁段后最显著的变化是球耗,随着磨矿时间的增加,铸铁段消耗呈现逐渐降低趋势。     

多元低合金贝氏体铸钢磨球的研究和应用

针对常用磨球材质脆性大,耐磨性低,磨耗高,我们研制了多元低合金贝氏作铸钢磨球,它具有硬度高、硬度均匀性好和韧性高等特点,用于磨矿生产,磨耗接近高铬铸铸铁磨球,成本降低30％～40％,综合效益显著。     

The effect of grinding conditions on the flotation of a sulphide copper ore

The challenge of process development for the beneficiation of Salobo’s copper ore started in 1978 and the studies still go on. Copper is predominantly present as secondary minerals, such as chalcocite, bornite, and digenite, and liberation requires very fine grinding. These minerals may undergo rapid oxidation at the alkaline pH range and under mildly oxidising conditions. The oxidation products may adsorb onto the minerals altering their surface characteristics, flotation behaviour, and may also significantly modify the mechanisms of interaction between the minerals and the collector. These facts impair the flotation process performance and increase the reagents consumption, the required flotation cells volume, and the overall processing costs. This paper describes the effect of grinding conditions on the flotation performance. Different media and mill construction materials were tested at bench scale aiming at evaluating the effects of the pulp electrochemical potential and the availability of iron oxide and hydroxide compounds on the flotation response. The results indicated that the grinding process affects significantly the flotation metallurgical performance of Salobo’s ore. The conditions that yielded the highest levels of copper recovery and the fastest flotation kinetics were rubber lined steel mill and stainless steel media.     

The effect of galvanic interaction on the behaviour of the froth phase during the flotation of a complex sulphide ore

A literature review has shown that the chemical effects of grinding media on the flotation of real ores, especially those containing pyrite, are still not understood adequately. Many studies have been conducted on isolated minerals or in solutions only, and transport phenomena in the froth phase have generally been ignored in studies on galvanic interactions. A complex ore containing galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and significant quantities of magnetite, pyrrhotite and pyrite was used in batch flotation tests to study this problem. Metallic iron powder was added in different quantities to a ceramic ball mill in order to simulate the use of mild steel grinding media in flotation tests aimed at selectively floating chalcopyrite.An oxygen-saturated pulp milled in the presence of iron yielded the best recovery of chalcopyrite and copper-lead selectivity. Milling under a nitrogen atmosphere in the absence of metallic iron resulted in poor copper-lead selectivity. The galvanic interaction caused by the presence of iron yielded a stable, well-drained froth with low ratios of solids/water recovery and larger bubbles in the froth. However, milling in the absence of iron caused an extremely brittle froth with very fine bu bubbles, high recoveries of low grades of sulphur. In contrast with the improvement in the copper recovery and copper-lead selectivity obtained when the pulp was pre-aerated after milling in the presence of iron, no significant increase in the copper grade was observed after extensive pre-aeration when milling occurred in the absence of iron. The unsatisfactory flotation results in the absence of iron could be explained by the enhanced floatability of iron-bearing gangue minerals, which rupture films and suppress froth stability owing to bubble-overloading.     

铸铁段作为磨矿介质在冬瓜山铜矿的试验研究

以冬瓜山铜矿矿石为研究对象,运用精确化装补球技术,精确的计算出初装球的球径和球比,并根据质量相当的原则,用耐磨铸铁段替换钢球作为磨矿介质,最终确定了50 mm×60 mm∶35 mm×40mm∶30 mm×35 mm=30∶25∶45的球磨机初装比方案,然后通过普通钢球与耐磨铸铁段的对比试验来研究磨矿过程中铸铁段作为磨矿介质的磨矿效果。试验结果表明,在相同的磨矿条件下,铸铁段的中间易选级别比现场方案提高了13.43个百分点,过粉碎比现场方案降低了2.53个百分点,磨矿细度比现场方案提高了7.89个百分点,铸铁段可以取代钢球作为新型磨矿介质。     

南芬混合铁矿石的可磨性研究与选矿工艺优化

南芬选矿厂混合铁矿石选矿系统实际入选矿石与设计依据的矿石存在较大性质差异，导致半自磨机处理能力难以达到设计值、最终精矿铁品位仅达63%左右、精矿铁回收率仅达58%左右。为了解现场半自磨机处理能力低下的原因，以及现场工艺中哪些环节明显不适应入选矿石的性质，以便为工艺改造提供思路，进行了矿石磨矿特性研究和选矿工艺研究。结果表明：①矿石难磨是半自磨机处理能力低下的主要原因。②对单体解离很不充分的强磁选精矿采用螺旋溜槽重选强行抛尾是造成金属流失的重要原因。③二段球磨磨矿解离出大量的脉石和矿泥，直接进入反浮选作业严重影响反浮选的提质降杂效果是造成反浮选精矿铁品位较低的主要原因。现场根据研究成果并结合实际取消了原工艺中的螺旋溜槽重选作业，同时在二段闭路球磨磨矿作业与反浮选作业间增设弱磁选-脉动高梯度强磁选抛尾作业。改造完成后，现场生产运行平稳，生产指标显著改善，精矿铁品位提高了1.98个百分点、回收率提高了6.11个百分点。     

磨矿介质对闪锌矿浮选行为的影响研究

在湿式磨矿条件下分别以钢球和陶瓷球作为磨矿介质,以丁基黄药为捕收剂,研究闪锌矿在不同磨矿体系下的可浮性差异。结果表明,在相同药剂条件下,相比钢球介质湿磨环境,以陶瓷介质湿磨后闪锌矿可浮性较高;不同磨矿介质对闪锌矿的最佳浮选pH值几乎没有影响,最佳浮选pH值均保持在4~6之间;硫酸锌对闪锌矿的抑制作用受磨矿介质影响较小。借助扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱检测考察磨矿介质对闪锌矿浮选行为的影响机理,陶瓷介质湿磨后闪锌矿表面较为平整,表面覆盖的金属氧化物较少;钢球介质湿磨后闪锌矿表面腐蚀较为严重,表面覆盖有大量白色絮状氧化物,降低了闪锌矿的可浮性;在钢球介质湿磨体系中,由于钢球介质的磨损脱落导致矿浆中存在大量的Fe³⁺;随着磨矿时间的延长,Fe³⁺及Zn²⁺不断与矿浆中OH^-结合生成金属氧化物覆盖在矿物表面,导致矿浆中金属离子含量不断下降。     

高压辊磨+搅拌磨在某复杂难选铁矿石选别工艺中的优越性研究

为了验证在某复杂难选铁矿石的选矿工艺中,应用高压辊磨机和立式搅拌磨的优越性,进行了一系列对比试验。结果表明,与颚式破碎机相比,高压辊磨机产品的粉矿率更高,产品的可磨性更好;与球磨机相比,立式搅拌磨机细磨效率更高、效果更好,相同磨矿细度下,立式搅拌磨机磨矿产品的解离度更高,磁选铁精矿品位也更高;高压辊磨+立式搅拌磨在处理复杂难选铁矿石方面具有显著的优势。     

金山店铁矿选铁工艺优化试验研究

武钢金山店铁矿选厂采用自磨-球磨-弱磁选流程选铁,存在能耗大,不适应矿石性质变化,铁精矿铁品位偏低、硫含量偏高等问题。为此,在矿石性质研究的基础上,采取预选抛尾、增加细筛、浮选脱硫等措施,针对-15mm自磨排矿进行了选铁工艺的优化试验,结果表明,新的分级预选-球磨-磁选-细筛-脱硫浮选工艺流程可取得铁精矿TTe品位68.37％、含硫0．06％、铁回收率85．16％的优异指标,并可极大地减少球磨矿量,有利于节能降耗。     

磨矿方法对某硫化矿浮选的影响

为提高效果，用三种磨机（普通钢磨机，不锈钢磨机和瓷磨机）研究某铅锌矿小型试验的浮选行为。结果表明，瓷磨机（即非铁质磨机）的氧化性磨矿环境可提高铅回收率，但由于矿石氧化产生的铜离子对闪锌矿的活化而降低了浮选选择性。相反地，传统铁质磨机磨矿则导致铅收率下降，而选择性提高。铁质磨机磨矿对铅收率降低可能是由铁氧化产物在矿物表面覆盖而造成的。粗粒更易受这种抑制的影响。     

The effect of iron contaminants on thiosulphate leaching of gold

Metallic iron and ferric ions were subjected to wet grinding with a sulphide ore in a ceramic ball mill to simulate the fine grinding process using mild steel, in an attempt to investigate the effect of iron species on the ammoniacal thiosulphate leaching of gold. Metallic iron and ferric ions decreased gold leaching in both kinetics and overall extraction when they were added in the wet grinding of a sulphide ore. This detrimental effect became more pronounced with the addition of metallic iron and ferric ions at higher concentrations. Metallic iron retarded the gold leaching more than ferric ions at the same dosage. The decomposition of thiosulphate in the leaching of the sulphide ore increased with the addition of metallic iron and ferric ions in the wet grinding. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the predominant species for iron was ferric hydroxide under the leaching conditions. Wet grinding at a higher pH of 9 and use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were ineffective in improving the gold leaching with the addition of metallic ions and ferric ions in the wet grinding. Iron oxide and hydroxide slime coatings at the surfaces of pyrite and pyrrhotite were reduced using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to render the sulphide and slime particle surfaces highly negatively charged. Precipitation of iron oxide species at the surfaces of pyrite and pyrrhotite was observed in the morphological study of the leach residues with the addition of metallic iron in the wet grinding. The addition of CMC effectively reduced iron oxide slime coating at the sulphide surfaces and the aggregation of fine particles.     

搅拌磨在铁矿细磨中的应用研究

通过研究大孤山铁矿再磨给矿的物料性质,考察了搅拌磨的主要工作参数对搅拌磨粉磨效果的影响。通过磨矿条件试验确定搅拌磨适宜的工作参数:介质为8mm钢球,料球比0.8,介质充填率75%,搅拌器转速300rpm,磨矿浓度68.50%。适宜磨矿条件下的磨矿产品经选别后可获得精矿TFe品位65.54%,回收率97.20%的铁精矿。     

氮气环境下磨矿介质对磁黄铁矿浮选的影响

研究了氮气磨矿环境下不同的磨矿介质（钢罐瓷球、铁罐铁球）对磁黄铁矿浮选的影响。结果显示,不论其它条件如何变化,采用钢罐瓷球体系磨矿的矿浆电位和浮选回收率总是整体上比铁罐铁球体系高;磨矿时间长短在两个体系中都对磁黄铁矿浮选行为影响较小;矿浆pH值的变化对矿物可浮性影响较大,两个体系下均是在碱性越强的矿浆中磁黄铁矿的回收率越低,矿浆电位值也随着矿浆pH值增大而降低;当矿浆pH值为6．82时,捕收剂用量的变化在两个体系中对磁黄铁矿浮选效果的影响不大;另外,在两个体系下都表现为捕收剂加在浮选槽中比加在磨机中时磁黄铁矿的浮选效果要好。