Basic study of a ship navigator's mental workload using salivary NO\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$_{3}^{-}$ \end{document}

Evaluation of the mental workload during training for ship handling has usually depended on professionals (captain, pilot) who have lots of experience on board. We are attempting to evaluate a ship navigator's mental workload based on a physiological index. The physiological indices, namely heart rate variability (R–R interval), nasal temperature, and salivary amylase, are good indices for reading the mental workload during ship handling. Moreover, we find the possibility of using salivary NO$_{3}^{-}$ as a good index for evaluating the ship navigator's mental workload. Salivary NO$_{3}^{-}$ is expected to have a specific characteristic to represent quick response on the spot and the trend. We confirmed the response of students during simulator training, and then carried out the experiment on professionals on a real ship. We propose that salivary NO$_{3}^{-}$ can show a ship navigator's stress for ship handling in the simulator and on a real ship. This work to evaluate the ship navigator's mental workload using salivary NO$_{3}^{-}$ is the first attempt worldwide. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于灰云证据推理规则的电力推进船舶电能质量在线评估

为评估和提高电力推进船舶电网的可靠性,优化其运行策略,提出了一种基于灰云聚类和证据推理相结合的电能质量在线评估方法。首先应用改进的群层次分析法与变权理论得到指标权重,利用灰云聚类模型将评价指标转化成对应评估等级的基本信度分布。随后根据历史信息利用改进冲突度量方法衡量指标的可靠程度。最后通过证据推理规则对经可靠度和权重修正后的时域与空域指标进行信息融合,从而得到系统实时的评估结果。仿真分析表明,该方法能够准确地反映船舶电网实时的运行状态,具有较强的抗干扰能力。     

Queuing Network Modeling of Driver Workload and Performance

Drivers overloaded with information significantly increase the chance of vehicle collisions. Driver workload, which is a multidimensional variable, is measured by both performance-based and subjective measurements and affected by driver age differences. Few existing computational models are able to cover these major properties of driver workload or simulate subjective mental workload and human performance at the same time. We describe a new computational approach in modeling driver performance and workload-a queuing network approach based on the queuing network theory of human performance and neuroscience discoveries. This modeling approach not only successfully models the mental workload measured by the six National Aeronautic and Space Administration Task Load Index workload scales in terms of subnetwork utilization but also simulates the driving performance, reflecting mental workload from both subjective- and performance-based measurements. In addition, it models age differences in workload and performance and allows us to visualize driver mental workload in real time. Further usage and implementation of the model in designing intelligent and adaptive in-vehicle systems are discussed.     

基于功率逐级切换控制的内河船舶负荷转供策略

针对我国内河流域港口岸电的船舶负荷转供过程的研究,为抑制并网后直接切断船侧柴电系统引起的逆功率与负荷波动问题,提出一种基于船侧负荷由船电转供至岸电的功率逐级切换控制方法。通过分析岸电对船侧负荷转供过程中的功率波动现象,给出基于功率超调和动态响应时间为指标的逐级切换的条件,以船侧负荷的电能质量指标为标准,通过对船侧同步电机的输出功率进行逐级调速控制,以降低功率波动以及频率偏移对负荷的负面影响,提高供电质量。通过SIMULINK平台搭建岸电系统模型进行仿真,对这一方法的仿真结果表明了所提出的策略的正确性和有效性,能够实现岸船两侧电力系统的并网后负荷的平稳过渡。     

基于纯电动船舶应用实践的综合效益分析与推广

电动船舶是船舶行业发展最有前景的技术方向之一,是实现水上交通领域双碳目标的重要举措。聚焦近年来电动船舶推广现状,以江苏电动船舶的应用实践为例,通过试验数据分析了电动船舶的建设成本高、运营成本低、环境减排效益显著等特点。基于主要特征进一步研究了电动船舶推广机制,阐述了江苏实践的相关举措与成效,通过建设电动船舶配套充换电设施、降低电动船舶使用成本等方法,为现阶段电动船舶的规模化推广提供参考。     

面向状态检修的智能变电站保护系统可靠性分析

以状态检修为目的,研究了智能变电站保护系统的可靠性评估方法。首先从智能变电站技术特点出发,提出一种考虑逻辑节点的保护系统监测方法。根据状态检修的需要选取保护系统可靠性指标,并在此基础上建立了动态Markov模型,利用该模型定量评估保护系统在给定条件下的检修需求。最后以典型220 kV智能变电站为例说明了该评估模型的应用方法并做了相关分析。算例结果表明,该方法具有一定的可操作性,能够为智能变电站保护系统的检修决策提供一些参考。     

台山发电厂桥式抓斗卸船机性能特点的介绍

卸船机是沿海燃煤发电厂运煤系统的重要设备之一,其选型正确与否对运煤系统乃至主机的安全满发影响甚大;抓斗式卸船机对煤种变化适应性强,具有出力大,造价低等优点,在散装物料的搬运中得到广泛应用,因而成为港口及煤码头的主要设备。为此,介绍了台山发电厂一期工程煤码头的情况,所安装的桥式抓斗卸船机的机型、基本参数及性能特点。经过2年多的运行证明,台山发电厂桥式抓斗卸船机的选型是正确合理的。     

一种基于特征重用金字塔的舰船检测算法

针对现有算法在SAR图像舰船目标检测场景中难以提取模糊目标特征的问题,提出一种基于特征重用金字塔的舰船目标检测算法。所提算法以YOLOV4-tiny为主体,首先将线性因子引入到K-means算法中整合初始锚框,加强网络对多尺度目标的适应性;其次在主干CSPDarknet53-tiny中添加注意力机制来抑制干扰信息,减弱复杂背景的影响;最后利用特征重用机制强化特征金字塔,提升网络对模糊目标特征的提取能力。实验结果表明,相较于YOLOV4-tiny网络,改进后的算法在SSDD数据集上的平均检测精度提升11.79%,证明了改进后算法在舰船检测中的有效性。     

基于改进双粒子群算法的舰船电力系统网络故障重构

舰船电力系统环形网络故障重构本质上是带约束的多目标非线性组合优化问题。为了解决舰船电力系统发生故障时的供电恢复问题,提出了一种改进双粒子群优化算法进行求解。此算法分为主、辅两个粒子群,主粒子群改进了种群初始化、自适应调整惯性权重和学习因子,提高了主粒子群算法的全局寻优能力。同时,辅助粒子群还采用改进的混沌局部搜索策略,增强了种群多样性及局部寻优能力,有效地解决了粒子群算法中容易陷入局部极值的问题。通过系统仿真,分别将几种不同的优化算法进行比较。结果表明该算法具有很高的搜索效率和寻优能力,能有效地提高故障恢复的速度与精度,在处理舰船电力系统网络故障重构方面具有较好的效果。     

发电机机端电压互感器匝间短路导致定子接地保护动作分析

近年来,发生了多起发电机机端电压互感器(TV)一次绕组匝间短路导致定子接地保护动作的事故,增加了故障排查的工作量。文中推导了TV一次绕组匝间短路时,对地相电压和线电压的计算公式,得出故障发生时定子对地零序电压升高,对地电压最高相(比正常时有所升高)的下一相即为故障相,以及线电压没有明显变化的结论,并通过现场录波数据验证了理论分析的正确性。文中还提出了利用注入式定子接地保护的电阻判据区分TV一次绕组匝间短路和定子接地故障的思路,为快速排查故障提供参考。     

Brain-computer communication: motivation, aim, and impact of exploring a virtual apartment.

The step away from a synchronized or cue-based brain-computer interface (BCI) and from laboratory conditions towards real world applications is very important and crucial in BCI research. This work shows that ten naive subjects can be trained in a synchronous paradigm within three sessions to navigate freely through a virtual apartment, whereby at every junction the subjects could decide by their own, how they wanted to explore the virtual environment (VE). This virtual apartment was designed similar to a real world application, with a goal-oriented task, a high mental workload, and a variable decision period for the subject. All subjects were able to perform long and stable motor imagery over a minimum time of 2 s. Using only three electroencephalogram (EEG) channels to analyze these imaginations, we were able to convert them into navigation commands. Additionally, it could be demonstrated that motivation is a very crucial factor in BCI research; motivated subjects perform much better than unmotivated ones.     

Brain–Computer Communication: Motivation, Aim, and Impact of Exploring a Virtual Apartment

The step away from a synchronized or cue-based brain-computer interface (BCI) and from laboratory conditions towards real world applications is very important and crucial in BCI research. This work shows that ten naive subjects can be trained in a synchronous paradigm within three sessions to navigate freely through a virtual apartment, whereby at every junction the subjects could decide by their own, how they wanted to explore the virtual environment (VE). This virtual apartment was designed similar to a real world application, with a goal-oriented task, a high mental workload, and a variable decision period for the subject. All subjects were able to perform long and stable motor imagery over a minimum time of 2 s. Using only three electroencephalogram (EEG) channels to analyze these imaginations, we were able to convert them into navigation commands. Additionally, it could be demonstrated that motivation is a very crucial factor in BCI research; motivated subjects perform much better than unmotivated ones.     

基于拉格朗日函数鞍距分配的广义内点法

不等式约束的处理是电力系统优化分析中比较困难的问题。文中根据拉格朗日函数的鞍点理论,将优化问题的等式约束进行松弛,形成计及等式约束的原始问题以及相应的对偶问题。通过定义原始和对偶问题之间的鞍距,并将鞍距在不等式约束之间进行分配,从而形成不同的针对不等式约束拉格朗日乘子的修正方程,进一步形成不同的优化算法。推导表明,内点罚函数法只是拉格朗日鞍点理论应用的一个特例。所提出的基于拉格朗日函数鞍距分配的广义内点法可以在电力系统优化分析中进行应用,将其应用于大规模间歇式电源接入情况下的电力系统最大传输能力问题中时,IEEE 30节点系统的计算结果及IEEE 14节点系统中不同算法的比较结果表明,此算法能够有效处理潮流问题不等式约束。     

考虑天气因素的输电网可靠性区间评估及其仿射算法

为了考虑故障率和天气因素的不确定性对电网可靠性评估的影响,在输电线路分段模型的基础上,引入区间概率用于可靠性参数不确定的元件停运率建模。采用状态枚举法和区间运算对IEEE-RBTS系统进行可靠性评估。针对区间运算结果过于保守的问题,引入仿射算法,有效缩减了计算结果的区间范围。计算结果表明,天气因素对输电网可靠性评估的影响不容忽视,区间数形式的可靠性指标可以反映不确定部分的大小,证明了该方法的合理性和有效性。     

结合图半监督与广义回归神经网络的非侵入式海洋平台负荷监测

海洋平台微电网所处环境复杂,对其自动化和智能化要求较高,目前缺少对其负荷实时智能监测和管理的方法。从非侵入式负荷监测的角度,考虑海洋平台的经济性要求和特殊的工业环境,提出结合图半监督与广义回归神经网络的非侵入式海洋平台负荷监测方法。采用图半监督学习算法自动标记训练数据集,减少了人工标记数据的工作量,使系统能自动完成数据标记。并与半监督聚类算法对比分析,表明图半监督学习算法对数据标记具有更高的正确率。再利用广义回归神经网络较强的非线性分类能力,提升负荷识别的识别精度和减少计算复杂度。Matlab/Simulink仿真结果表明,所提出的负荷识别算法不仅减少了人工干预而且具有高精度的识别率。     

Novel approach of modeling load duration curve for generation expansion planning based on Hill's function

A novel approach of modeling the load duration curve (LDC) based on Hill's function is proposed in this article. On the contrary to traditional models, the proposed model is completely an analytical one which can be determined by historic load data. This method is effective in calculating efficiency as well as controlling errors and it is quite simple in application because the model has only a few parameters, each of which has a definite economic or fiscal meaning. Based on the historic model, this method is easy and accurate in estimating the LDC model for a future year by changing the parameters of Hill's function, where only the peak load and the total demand in each year may be given. Results on the load data from IEEE reliability test system (IEEE‐RTS), PJM and Beijing Electric Power Corporation (BEPC) are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Numerical examples show that the modeling errors in both peak load and total demand, which are key indices for generation expansion planning and reliability evaluation, are less than 1%. The LDC model for a future year is also accurately estimated in these examples. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于二进制莱维风驱动算法的船舶岸电系统并网故障诊断方法研究

针对船舶岸电无缝并网过程中出现的过流和继电保护误动作等问题,提出了一种基于改进二进制风驱动算法的船舶岸电并网故障诊断方法。分析船舶岸电系统的继电保护方案,在继电器、断路器拒动/误动条件下研究多种继电保护之间的状态关系及其对岸船电力系统的综合影响。选取适合船舶岸电电力系统故障诊断的数学模型,并利用改进的二进制风驱动算法对模型进行求解。最终,通过故障算例验证了该模型的合理性和改进算法的可靠性。     

基于变电站配置文件的智能变电站交换机自动配置实现

针对变电站现场人工配置交换机虚拟局域网(VLAN)、组播等工作量大且容易出错的问题,提出了基于变电站配置(SCD)文件提取交换机配置信息以实现交换机自动配置的方案。在建立交换机模型和变电站物理连接关系模型的基础上,通过分析SCD文件中虚连接和物理拓扑连接的内在关联,利用数据库的连接和提取功能,匹配出交换机配置信息,并将配置信息保存成交换机配置(CSD)文件格式。将CSD文件下载到交换机,完成对交换机的统一离线配置,从而降低交换机的配置维护难度。实际证明该方法减少了现场配置工作量,在工程应用上有重要意义。     

生理性精神疲劳EEG信号分析技术

从脑电（EEG）信号分析的角度出发,探讨了传统的生理性精神疲劳的分析方法和现阶段基于EEG信号分析的生理性精神疲劳所采用的新技术、新方法,构建了生理性精神疲劳的分析系统,展望了生理性精神疲劳EEG信号分析技术的发展趋势。     

考虑人因风险的电力调度值班操作任务分配方法

电力调度员操作的正确性对电网的安全可靠运行具有重要影响,它主要与调度员的工作经验、责任心以及历史操作正确率等非实时因素以及调度员工作时长、当值班次以及心理状态等实时因素密切相关。对影响调度操作正确性的人为因素进行建模,考虑不同班次工作量的合理分配,并以日调度操作总人因风险最小为目标,应用细菌群体趋药性算法对日电网调度任务进行优化分配。以某电网的实际调度工作任务为例进行分析,分配结果在保证各班次工作量均衡的同时满足了总人因风险值最小,验证了所提模型与方法的有效性。