Effect of Nb Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mo0.25V0.25Ti1.5Zr0.5Nbx High-Entropy Alloys

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have significant application prospects as promising candidate materials for nuclear industry due to their excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and irradiation resistance. In this work, the Mo_0.25V_0.25Ti_1.5Zr_0.5Nb_x(x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0) HEAs were designed and fabricated. The alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting, and all the ingots were annealed at 1200°C for 24 h. The microstructures, ...     

Microstructure,Mechanical Properties,and Corrosion Behavior of MoNbFeCrV,MoNbFeCrTi, and MoNbFeVTi High-Entropy Alloys

The development of high-entropy alloys(HEAs) has stimulated an ever-increasing interest from both academia and industries.In this work, three novel MoNbFeCrV, MoNbFeCrTi, and MoNbFeVTi HEAs containing low thermal neutron absorption cross section elements were prepared by vacuum arc melting. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviors were investigated. A dominant body-centered cubic(BCC) phase was present in all these three HEAs. In addition,an ordered Laves phase was found to be another major phase in both MoNbFeCrV and MoNbFeCrTi alloys, whereas an ordered BCC(B2) phase was observed in the MoNbFeVTi alloy. The phase formation in these three alloys was discussed. It is found that the formation of the secondary phase in these alloys is mainly ascribed to the large atomic size difference and electronegativity difference. All the three HEAs show high hardness, high yield strength but limited plasticity. Moreover, the MoNbFeCrV, MoNbFeCrTi and MoNbFeVTi alloys exhibit excellent corrosion resistance in both deaerated 1 mol/L NaCl and 0.5 mol/L H _2 SO _4 solutions at room temperature. However, further composition adjustment and/or thermomechanical processing is required to enhance the mechanical properties of the three alloys.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of FeNiCoCr and FeNiCoCrMn High-Entropy Alloys Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy

The present work reports a systematic investigation on phase evolution,microstructure and microstructure-property relationship of two typical face-centered cubic(FCC) structured high-entropy alloys(HEAs),FeNiCoCr and FeNiCoCrMn,prepared via mechanical alloying(MA) followed by spark plasma sintering(SPS).Following 50 h of MA,the two HEAs consisted of a mixture of FCC and body-centered cubic phases.Following SPS,the bulk FeNiCoCr alloy showed a primary FCC phase with a small amount of Cr_(23)C_6 and Cr_2 O_3 contaminants,while the bulk FeNiCoCrMn alloy was composed of a primary FCC phase with some(Cr,Mn)_(23)C_6 and MnCr_2 O_4 contaminants.The average grain size of the primary FCC phase in the bulk FeNiCoCr alloy was ～416 nm,while that of the primary FCC phase in the bulk FeNiCoCrMn alloy was ～547 nm.The yield strength,compressive strength and strain-to-failure of the bulk FeNiCoCr alloy are 1525 MPa,1987 MPa and 24.4%,respectively,whereas those of the bulk FeNiCoCrMn alloy are 1329 MPa,1761 MPa and 21.9%,respectively.It suggests that the bulk FeNiCoCrMn exhibited lower strength and plasticity in comparison with the bulk FeNiCoCr alloy.Clearly,the smaller grain size of the primary FCC phase in the FeNiCoCr alloy is mainly responsible for the better mechanical performance.     

Effects of V Addition on Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of AlCrFe2Ni2 High-Entropy Alloys

The effects of vanadium addition on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of AlCrFe₂Ni₂ high-entropy alloy (HEA) were investigated. The results showed that the AlCrFe₂Ni₂V_0.2 HEA was composed of FCC phase, disordered BCC phase, and ordered BCC (B2) phase. With the increase in vanadium content, the formation of FCC phase was inhibited, and a transition from FCC phase to BCC phase occurred. The FCC phase disappeared completely when the value of x exceeds 0.4 in AlCrFe₂Ni₂V_x HEAs. Besides, the amplitude-modulated microstructure morphology transformed from a B2 phase matrix with dispersed BCC nano-phase into an alternating interconnected B2 and BCC phases. Vanadium element has the function of stabilizing BCC phase and B2 phase in AlCrFe₂Ni₂V_x alloys. The hardness of AlCrFe₂Ni₂V_x alloys increased from HV 332.4 to HV 590.7, while the yield strength increased from 765 to 1744.6 MPa with increasing vanadium content, which was mainly due to the decreasing content of FCC phase and the solid solution strengthening of vanadium element. At the same time, the compression ratio of the alloys decreased with the disappearance of the FCC phase. Among the alloys, the AlCrFe₂Ni₂V_0.2 alloy possessed the most excellent comprehensive mechanical properties with yield strength, fracture strength, and compressive ratio 1231.1, 2861.9 MPa, and 44.5%, respectively.     

Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties of CoCrCuFeNiNb High-Entropy Alloys Coatings

The CoCrCuFeNiNb high-entropy alloys coatings were prepared by using plasma-transferred arc cladding process. The microstructure and electrochemical behaviors of the coating were investigated in detail. The experimental results indicated that the coating consists of a simple fcc solid solution phase and an order（Co Cr）Nb-type Laves phase. The polarization curves, obtained in 1 and 6 mol/L hydrochloric acid solutions, clearly indicated that the general corrosion resistance of the coating at ambient temperature was better than that of 304 stainless steel. The coating displayed a lower corrosion current and lower corrosion rate. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that the impedance of the coating was significantly higher than that of the 304 stainless steel.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of CrFeNi_2V_(0.5)W_x(x=0,0.25) High-Entropy Alloys

CrFeNi_2V_(0.5)W_x(x=0,0.25) alloys based on these parameters of mixing enthalpy(△H_(mix),mixing entropy(△S_(mix),atomic radius difference(δ),valance electron concentration,and electronegativity difference(△χ) were designed and prepared.The microstructure and room-temperature mechanical behavior of both alloys were investigated.Compressive test results showed that the CrFeNi_2V_(0.5)W_(0.25) alloy had higher yield strength than that of the W-free CrFeNi_2V_(0.5) alloy,although they all exhibited quite larger compressive plasticity(ε 70%).Compression fracture surface of CrFeNi_2V_(0.5)W_(0.25) alloy revealed a ductile fracture in the face-centered cubic(FCC) phase and a brittle-like fracture in the σ phase.Moreover,tensile test results indicated that the CrFeNi_2V_(0.5)W_(0.25) alloy exhibited excellent mechanical property with an ultimate tensile strength of 640 MPa and a high tensile elongation of 15.7%.The tensile deformation mode of the FCC phase in the CrFeNi_2V_(0.5)W_(0.25)alloy is dominated by planar glide,relating to dislocation configurations,high-density dislocations,and dislocation wall.Therefore,dislocation slip plays a significant role in tensile deformation of CrFeNi_2V_(0.5)W_(0.25) high-entropy alloy.The higher strength of CrFeNi_2V_(0.5)W_(0.25) alloy is predominantly due to the solid solution strengthening of W element and σ phase precipitation strengthening.Combination of the higher tensile strength and plasticity suggests that the CrFeNi_2V_(0.5)W_(0.25) alloy can be a promising aerospace material.     

Microstructure,Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering

AlCoCrFeNi is one of the most widely studied alloy systems in the high-entropy alloy(HEA) area due to the interesting microstructure and mechanical properties.In this study,the AlCoCrFeNi alloy was prepared using spark plasma sintering(SPS) with pre-alloy powders obtained through gas atomization.Then,the sintered samples were annealed at 700,800 and900℃,and the effect of annealing temperature on the microstructure,mechanical and corrosion properties was studied.The results show that phase formation takes place during annealing process with the new phase(σ) and some nano scale BCC precipitates formation.The size and quantity of the nanoscale precipitates increase with increasing annealing temperature.The twin is also observed after annealing at 900℃.The annealing temperature has an obvious effect on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the spark plasma sintered AlCoCrFeNi HEA.When the annealing temperature is 700℃,the hardness,yield strength and fracture strength reach the maximum with the value of 545 HV,1430 MPa and 2230 MPa,respectively.The compressive ratio reaches the maximum of 17.2%,with the annealing temperature increasing to 800℃.The corrosion resistance of the samples decreases with increasing the annealing temperature.     

A Novel CoFe2NiMn0.3AlCux High-Entropy Alloy with Excellent Magnetic Properties and Good Mechanical Properties

In the present study,we investigate the crystal structure of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) in the form of CoFe2NiMn0.3AlCux(x =0.25,0.50,0.75,and 1.00) and their mechanical and magnetic properties.The CoFe2NiMn0.3AlCux alloys are composed of a mixture of a body-centered cubic (BCC) and a face-centered cubic (FCC) solid solution.The increased amounts of cop-per (Cu) boost both alloy strength and plastic ductility.The CoFe2NiMn0.3AlCu1.0 HEAs demonstrate excellent mechanical properties,such as a high strength of 1832 MPa and a large plastic ductility of 22.38％.Magnetic property measurements on this alloy system indicated high saturated magnetization and high coercivity.The coercivity of the tested alloys lies in the range between 40 and 182 Oe,suggesting that the alloys have semi-hard magnetic properties.This study suggests that the present CoFe2NiMn0.3AlCux HEAs could serve as potential candidates for soft magnets in electromagnetic applications.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Multi-component Al_xCrFe_2Ni_2Mo_(0.2) High-Entropy Alloys

A series of Al_xCrFe_2 Ni_2 Mo_(0.2) alloy consisting of FCC+BCC phases have been designed,and their as-cast microstructures and mechanical properties were also investigated with x ranging from 0.6 to 0.9.It was found that with the addition of Al element,the solidified structures changed from dendrite to columnar crystal then back to dendrite again.Moreover,the increased amount of BCC phase resulted in finer and more uniform microstructures of FCC [FeCrNi(Mo)] and BCC(Al-Ni)phases.Tensile yield strength and hardness of alloys showed a similar increasing trend as the volume fraction of BCC phase increased.Both strain hardening rate and strain hardening exponent were calculated to assess the tensile properties of the alloys.It was shown that A1_(0.6)CrFe_2 Ni_2 Mo_(0.2) exhibited the most excellent and comprehensive mechanical properties due to its high work hardening ability and stable strain hardening rate.The product of strength and elongation of Al_(0.6)CrFe_2 Ni_2 Mo_(0.2)reached up to 38.6 GPa%,which was higher than most of the reported as-cast high-entropy alloys.     

Precipitate Characteristics and Mechanical Performance of Cast Mg-6RE-1Zn-xCa-0.3Zr (x = 0 and 0.4 wt%) Alloys

In this study, the Mg-4Y-1Gd-1Nd-xCa-1Zn-0.3Zr (x = 0 and 0.4 wt%) cast alloys with low rare earth concentration were prepared in different routes of heat treatments, and their microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated. The Mg-4Y-1Gd-1Nd-1Zn-0.4Ca-0.3Zr cast alloy with ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 264 ± 7.8 MPa, tensile yield strength (TYS) of 153 ± 1.2 MPa and elongation to failure (EL) of 17.2 ± 1.2% was successfully developed by appropriate heat treatment. The improved mechanical performance was attributed to the combined strengthening effects of fine grains, Mg₂₄RE₅, $\beta ^{\prime}$, $\beta _{1}$, $\gamma ^{\prime}$ and LPSO phases. In the heat treatment process, cooling method of T4 treatment affected the microstructure, which consequently determined the mechanical properties air cooling, rather than water cooling, gave rise to the formation of $\gamma ^{\prime}$ phase in the alloy without Ca addition. However, Ca addition facilitated the formation of $\gamma ^{\prime}$ phase, and the $\gamma ^{\prime}$ phase precipitated in the alloy after T4 treatment either by water cooling or by air cooling, but the air cooling increased the number density of $\gamma ^{\prime}$ phase in comparison to the water cooling. Although the $\gamma ^{\prime}$ phase strengthened the studied alloys, the formation of $\gamma ^{\prime}$ phase inhibited the precipitatition of $\beta ^{\prime}$ and $\beta _{1}$ phases in the following T6 treatment, and consequently reduced the strengthening effect of $\beta ^{\prime}$ and $\beta _{1}$ phases. The results showed that the mechanical performance of the studied alloys was largely determined by the precipitation of $\gamma ^{\prime}$ phase, which was regulated by the Ca addition and the cooling method of T4 treatment.     

TiMn2-5x(V4Fe)x(x=0.30, 0.35)贮氢合金结构与性能研究

用XRD、SEM等方法与手段,研究TiMn2-5x(V4Fe)x(x=0.30,0.35)贮氢合金的相结构及电化学性能。结果表明:主相为体心立方(bcc)结构的合金,其晶胞参数随x的增加而增大;SEM显示在基体中存在岛状结构,随着x的增加,岛状结构较基体的比率减少;电化学测试表明,x=0.35合金在常温下难以活化,加热到327K才能活化;而x=0.30合金常温下即可活化,该合金在充电过程中出现钝化,327K温度下钝化消除。比较合金在298K的PCT曲线,发现x=0.30合金的平台氢压约为0.2MPa,平台宽度较大,更有开发价值;同时计算x=0.30合金放氢过程的焓和熵,分别为–36.1kJ/mol,–126.9J/(mol·K)。     

AlxCoCrCuFeNi多主元高熵合金的微观结构和力学性能

研究了不同Al含量的AlxCoCrCuFeNi多主元高熵合金的微观组织和力学性能.结果表明:微观组织为简单的枝晶和枝晶间组织.当Al含量较低时,合金的晶格结构为单一的FCC相.随着Al含量的增加,原本单一的FCC相逐步转化为FCC相和有序BCC相共同组成的组织.高熵效应以及元素扩散的困难使合金形成了简单的固溶体结构,同时伴随有纳米第二相的析出.与此同时,随着Al含量的增加,合金的硬度HV有了显著的提高,从1530 MPa 提高到7350 MPa,相应地,合金由塑性材料变为中低温脆性材料.     

Effects of Homogenized Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlCoCrFeNi_(2.2) Near-Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy

A 4 kg AlCoCrFeNi_(2.2) near-eutectic high-entropy alloy ingot was prepared by vacuum medium frequency induction melting. The effects of homogenized treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of AlCoCrFeNi_(2.2) were studied. The results showed that all the alloys consisted of the primary FCC phases and eutectic FCC/B2 phases. After homogenized treatment, lots of precipitated phases appeared in the primary phase. The hardness of the as-cast alloy was HV296. The hardness values of samples were decreased and were around HV250 after homogenized treatment. The tensile fracture strength of the as-cast alloy reached 900 MPa, while the elongation was 18%. After homogenized treatment at 900 ℃, the alloy showed the most excellent mechanical properties with the fracture strength 880 MPa and the elongation was 29%, respectively. All the alloys displayed a mixture fracture mechanism, including ductile fracture in primary FCC phases and eutectic FCC phases, and brittle quasi-cleavage fracture in eutectic B2 phases. Through a simple heat treatment method, the strength of the alloy was not reduced but the plasticity was greatly enhanced, which was more conducive to the industrial application prospects.     

Influence of Oxygen Content on Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties of V2-xTi0.5Cr0.5NiOx (x=0~0.35) Hydrogen Storage Alloys

为了提高V基固溶体贮氢合金的充放电循环稳定性能,研究了O含量对V2-xTi0.5Cr0.5NiOx (x=0~0.35)合金的组织结构和电化学性能的影响。组织结构分析表明,当没有添加O时,合金主要由bcc结构的V基固溶体相和TiNi相组成,随着O含量的增加,合金中出现了Ti4Ni2O新相。电化学测试表明,随着O含量的增加合金电极的最大放电容量有所降低,从x=0时的366.8 mAh/g降低到 x=0.35时的225.3 mAh/g,而较少氧含量时,合金电极的循环稳定性能明显得到了改善,从x=0时的69.9%增大到 x=0.2时的83.7%,而后又降低到76.9%（x=0.35）。电化学动力学分析结果表明,合金的高倍率放电性能,交换电流密度和氢的扩散系数均随着O含量的增加先增加而后减小。     

铸态Mg-5Sn-(0~2)Cu合金的显微组织，力学性能和蠕变性能

利用XRD,SEM手段研究了铸态Mg-5Sn-(0~2.0)Cu合金的显微结构。结果表明Mg-5Sn合金由枝晶状的α-Mg和Mg2Sn相组成,Cu的加入使合金出现Mg2Cu相。随着Cu含量的增加,晶粒逐渐细化,Mg2Sn相和Mg2Cu相的量也逐渐增加,但是这两种相的尺寸亦随之增加。室温拉伸结果表明,Cu质量分数在0.5%~1.0%时对合金起促进作用,然而,过多的Cu会弱化合金的拉伸性能。Mg-5Sn-1.0Cu合金具有最优的力学性能,抗拉强度达到180 MPa,延伸率达到12%。合金在温度为175℃,载荷为35~75 MPa的压蠕变性能表明,Cu可以提高Mg-Sn合金的抗蠕变性能。     

La_(0.63)Gd_(0.2)Mg_(0.17)(,NiCoAl)_x(,x=3.3,3.5)储氢合金的微观组织和电化学性能

采用真空感应熔炼方法制备了La0.63Gd0.2Mg0.17Ni2.85Co0.3Al0.15和La0.63Gd0.2Mg0.17Ni3..05Co0.3Al0.15贮氢合金,并在氩气气氛中和900℃进行退火处理,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、显微电子探针(EPMA)分析方法和电化学测试分析研究了不同化学计量比对合金微观组织和电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明,该系列合金退火组织主要由Ce2Ni7+Gd2Co7型、Pr5Co19型﹑PuNi3型和CaCu5型相组成,AB3.3中Ce2Ni7+Gd2Co7型相明显比AB3.5减少。电化学测试分析表明,不同的化学计量比对合金电极活化性能影响不大,AB3.5合金的最大放电容量大于AB3.3合金。AB3.5合金的循环稳定性明显高于AB3.3合金,经100次充放电循环后其电极容量保持率S100分别为90.2%和83.7%,其中AB3.5合金具有最好的综合电化学性能。     

In Situ TiC/FeCrNiCu High-Entropy Alloy Matrix Composites: Reaction Mechanism,Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

In situ TiC particles-reinforced FeCrNiCu high-entropy alloy matrix composites were prepared by vacuum induction melting method.The reaction mechanisms of the mixed powder(Ti,Cu and C) were analyzed,and the mechanical properties of resultant composites were determined.Cu_4Tiwere formed in the reaction of Cu and Ti when the temperature rose to 1160 K.With the temperature further increased to 1182 K,newly formed Cu_4Tireacted with C to give rise to TiC particles as reinforcement agents.The apparent activation energy for these two reactions was calculated to be 578.7 kJ/mol and 1443.2 kJ/mol,respectively.The hardness,tensile yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the 15 vol% TiC/FeCrNiCu composite are 797.3 HV,605.1 MPa and 769.2 MPa,respectively,representing an increase by 126.9%,65.9% and 36.0% as compared to the FeCrNiCu high-entropy base alloy at room temperature.However,the elongation-to-failure is reduced from 21.5 to 6.1 %with the formation of TiC particles.It was revealed that Orowan mechanism,dislocation strengthening and load-bearing effect are key factors responsible for a marked increase in the hardness and strength of the high-entropy alloy matrix composites.     

锡对ZA62合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪等分析测试手段，研究了锡对ZA62合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。试验结果表明：在ZA62合金中添加少量锡能够析出弥散的Mg2Sn强化相，有效地提高ZA62合金的室温、高温强度；加入过量的锡时，Mg2Sn颗粒明显粗化，反而导致合金的强度和塑性下降。     

Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and Die-Filling Behavior of High-Performance Die-Cast Al-Mg-Si-Mn Alloy

This work aims to reveal the relationships between the microstructure,mechanical properties and flow behavior of die-casting AlMg_5Si_2Mn alloy.Results indicated that the microstructure of the die-cast AlMg_5Si_2Mn consists of α_1-Al grains,fine-size α_2~Al grains and(Al +Mg_2Si) eutectic.The surface layer observed has the thickness in a range of120-135 μm,while an ellipse-like surface layer edge is observed in the corner of the plate-like sample.Tensile strength and elongation(5) of the specimens are slightly decreased along the die-filling direction due to the backflow of melt.Pure(Al + Mg_2Si) eutectic layer and ultra-fine-size α_2-Al grains observed are around the overflow channels.Mass feeding is predominantly responsible for the superior mechanical properties of the round bars as compared to those of plate-like samples.