Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Mg–xAl–1Sn–0.3Mn( x = 1, 3, 5) Alloy Sheets

The influence of Al alloying on the microstructures and the mechanical properties of Mg–x Al–1 Sn–0.3 Mn alloy sheets was investigated. The microstructure of Mg– x Al–1 Sn–0.3 Mn consisted of α-Mg and Mg 17 Al 12 precipitates. Alloying with Al increased the amount of Mg_(17)Al_(12) and the average grain size. Uniaxial tensile tests were carried out along the extrusion direction(ED), the transverse direction(TD) and 45° toward the ED. Mg–5 Al–1 Sn–0.3 Mn alloy sheet exhibited the best combination of mechanical properties along the ED: a yield strength of 142 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 282 MPa and an elongation of 23%. The good performance of Mg–5 Al–1 Sn–0.3 Mn sheet was mainly attributed to the large quantity of Mg_(17)Al_(12) precipitates and a weak basal texture. Annealing caused static dynamic recrystallization, refined the grain size and enhanced the mechanical properties: yield strength of 186 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 304 MPa, elongation of 21% along ED. Both strength and ductility were enhanced by Al alloying.     

Microstructure and tensile behavior of a friction stir processed magnesium alloy

In this work the effect of multi-pass friction stir processing (FSP) followed by warm pressing on an as-extruded ZK60 Mg plate was investigated. The microstructure, texture and resulting mechanical properties are reported here. Multi-pass FSP to partial depths on the top and bottom plate surfaces produced a novel, layered structure with three distinct microstructural zones associated with stirred, transition and core regions. In the stirred zone, FSP, followed by pressing at 200 °C, created a 0.8 μm ultrafine grain size which accounts for ～55 vol.% of the material. The transition region (～10 vol.%), showed extensively sheared coarse grains distributed in a matrix of finer grains. However, the core region (～35 vol.%) showed extensive twinning inside coarse grains in an overall bimodal microstructure reminiscent of extrusion. The processed Mg with a strong basal texture exhibited high yield strength (>300 MPa) and retention of adequate tensile ductility (>10%). The enhancement in mechanical properties of processed Mg is found to be highly influenced by the layered microstructure: UFG grained stirred zone, finer precipitates and strong basal texture.     

Enhanced mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr casting via friction stir processing

Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr casting was subjected to friction stir processing (FSP) at a tool rotation rate of 800 rpm and a traverse speed of 50 mm/min. FSP resulted in the fundamental dissolution of the coarse network-like β-Mg₅(Gd,Y) phase and remarkable grain refinement (∼6.1 μm), thereby significantly improving the strength and ductility of the casting. Post-FSP aging resulted in the precipitation of fine β′′ and β′ particles in a fine-grained magnesium matrix, producing an ultimate tensile strength of 439 MPa and a yield strength of 330 MPa. FSP combined with aging is a simple and effective approach to enhancing the mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr casting.     

铝含量和退火温度对锆铝合金相组成和力学性能的影响

利用非自耗电弧炉熔炼了Al含量为6.0%,7.0%,8.0%(质量分数)的锆铝二元合金,通过退火过程中的包析反应得到了不同相组成的Zr3Al基合金,借助光学显微镜、XRD分析研究了合金的金相组织和相组成,进行了显微硬度测定和拉伸试验。结果表明:铸态的锆铝合金显微硬度随着铝含量的增加而增大;退火可得到组织均匀的Zr3Al基合金,其显微硬度和抗拉强度主要与相组成和基体晶粒大小有关,而与第二相的形态无关;合金的显微硬度、抗拉强度随着Zr3Al相的增多而增大,延伸率随着Zr3Al相的增多而减小;合金的显微硬度、抗拉强度和延伸率随着Zr3Al晶粒的细化而不同程度地增大。     

TC4-DT钛合金热机械处理后的组织特征和力学性能

研究热机械处理（两相区变形加普通退火、双重退火、固溶时效以及三重退火）对 TC4-DT 钛合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,热机械处理对显微组织参数影响显著,随着退火和时效温度的升高及冷却速度的降低,初生α相的体积分数和原始β晶粒的尺寸降低,而晶界α和次生α相的宽度却升高。由于固溶时效处理获得了大量的β转变组织和细小的晶界α相和次生α相,合金强度最高,但伸长率不及其它条件的,其断裂强度、屈服强度、伸长率和断面收缩率分别为1100 MPa、1030 MPa、13%和53%,双重退火获得了良好的强度和塑性匹配,合金力学性能分别为940 MPa、887.5 MPa、15%和51%。组织参数和性能的关系表明,随着β转变组织的增多和原始β晶粒尺寸的增大,材料的强度和断面收缩率升高,而晶界α相和二次α相的宽度对力学性能的影响却呈相反趋势。此外,晶界α相含量的减少和原始β晶粒尺寸的降低有助于塑性的提高。     

2024-T4铝合金水下搅拌摩擦焊接研究

分别在空气和循环水冷条件下对2024-T4铝合金板进行搅拌摩擦焊接(friction stir welding,FSW),研究了水冷介质对FSW接头组织性能的影响.结果表明:循环水冷介质具有明显的瞬时快冷作用,水冷介质下FSW可以显著细化晶粒,并抑制焊核区析出相的生长,焊核区的平均晶粒尺寸达到700 nm,析出相尺寸达到30～200 nm.水冷介质减弱了FSW接头的热软化效应,改善了接头的组织和性能,使焊核区HV显微硬度值提高了234 MPa,接头抗拉强度提高了52.2 MPa,但试样延伸率有所下降.     

Effect of Nd addition on microstructure and tensile properties of laser additive manufactured TC11 titanium alloy

Single-layer and multilayer laser additive manufacturing (LAM) for TC11 alloy with different Nd additions was conducted and the effect of Nd addition on microstructure and properties was studied. With the addition of Nd, the aspect ratio of melting pools of single-layer specimens increases and the columnar-to-equiaxed transition occurs. The original β grain size and α plate width of TC11?1.0Nd are significantly reduced compared with those of pure TC11 specimens. It is proposed that the evenly distributed fine Nd₂O₃ precipitates of about 1.51 μm are formed preferentially during rapid solidification of melting pool, and they serve as heterogeneous nucleation particles to refine the microstructure in the subsequent solidification and solid-state phase transformation. Due to the multiple effects of Nd on the microstructure, the ultimate tensile strength of TC11?1.0Nd increases, while the yield strength, ductility and microhardness decrease compared with those of pure TC11.     

室温及液氮控温对轧制态Al-Sc合金力学性能及织构的影响

通过显微硬度、拉伸性能测试、显微组织分析、扫描电镜分析以及背散射电子衍射分析,研究了室温与液氮控温80%轧制变形对Al-Sc合金组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:室温轧制与液氮控温轧制后合金的硬度分别为105 HV0.3和162 HV0.3,抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率分别为335 MPa、296 MPa、5.5%和443 MPa、415 MPa、6.7%;轧制后合金中多为小角度晶界,室温与液氮控温轧制后平均晶粒尺寸分别为40 μm和1 μm;由于层错能的影响,合金液氮控温轧制之后的主要织构类型为Brass织构{110}<112>、S织构{123}<634>和 Copper织构{112}<111>。     

挤压Mg-8.5Gd-2.3Y-1.8Ag-0.4Zr合金的显微组织与力学性能(英文)

研究铸态和挤压态Mg-8.5Gd-2.3Y-1.8Ag-0.4Zr合金的显微组织、时效强化和力学性能。铸锭在T4处理后分别于400、450和500°C进行挤压,挤压比为10:1。在细晶强化和析出强化的共同作用下,于400°C挤压的样品经T5处理后可以得到最优的力学性能,所得的晶粒尺寸约为5.0μm,其初始和峰值硬度分别为HV109和HV129。室温下的拉伸屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到391MPa、430MPa和5.2%。     

多道次轧制不同变形量对铜镍合金管材组织和性能的影响

采用电子背散射衍射（EBSD）技术对冷轧后铜镍合金管材的组织进行分析。通过对第二道次冷轧不同变形量（3.19%、9.57%、19.37%、23.97%、31.78%）的C71500铜镍合金在管材轧制后的显微硬度、抗拉伸性能、微观组织、织构及其含量变化的研究,揭示该合金织构的变化规律。通过对铜镍合金管材晶界、织构的变化及晶粒尺寸进行分析,揭示了变形量与变形储存能的量化关系,这种关系可以通过小角度晶界的比例更直观地体现出来。随着加工率的增加,铜镍合金的屈服强度、抗拉伸强度和维氏显微硬度均呈现上升的趋势,而合金的塑性则呈现下降的趋势。研究结果为合理选择变形量以及形成特殊晶界的热力学提供依据,同时为后续铜镍合金管材的变形加工提供理论依据。     

搅拌摩擦加工TA5钛合金的显微组织和力学性能

对TA5钛合金进行搅拌摩擦加工(FSP),获得超细晶组织.为了研究搅拌摩擦加工过程中的温度分布和材料流动情况,使用欧拉-拉格朗日耦合(CEL)方法对加工过程进行热力耦合模拟.采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、硬度和拉伸测试技术对合金的显微组织和力学性能进行表征.由于在加工过程中材料发生动态再结晶,因此,加工后的合金由细小等轴晶...     

Zr含量对Mg-5Zn-2Al镁合金组织与性能的影响

采用光学显微镜及拉伸试验机等手段,研究了Zr含量对Mg-5Zn-2Al合金铸态和热处理后显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,Zr的加入使Mg-5Zn-2Al镁合金的铸态和热处理后的晶粒得到明显的细化.在铸态及热处理条件下,合金的抗拉强度与伸长率均呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势.对于铸态合金而言,Zr含量为0.6%时,Mg-5Zn-2Al合金的晶粒最为细小,并且其抗拉强度与伸长率均达到最大值,为215 MPa和12.563%.经热处理后,合金的抗拉强度较铸态得到了显著地提高.当Zr含量为0.6%时,合金的抗拉强度达到最大,为249 MPa.     

Tailoring Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Cold Deformed TiZrAlV Alloy by Thermal Treatment

Microstructure evolution and tribological properties of a new Ti Zr Al V alloy have been investigated in the present study. Various microstructures, i.e., equiaxed grain structure, dual-phase lamella structure, and heterogeneous lamellar structure, have been successfully prepared, and the effect of the microstructure on tribological properties was explored by means of cold severe plastic deformation combined with subsequent recrystallization annealing and aging treatments. The special heterogeneous lamellar-structured alloy exhibits a high ultimate tensile strength(~1545 MPa),reasonable ductility(~7.9%), and excellent wear resistance as compared with the equiaxed grain-structured and dualphase lamella-structured alloy. The present study demonstrates an alternative route for enhancing the tribological properties of alloys with heterogeneous lamellar structure.     

微合金化元素Zr对5083铝合金组织和性能的影响

在实验室中用井式坩埚炉熔炼铸造了5083和5083+0.1Zr两种铝合金,轧制后在100～450℃范围内退火。通过金相显微镜、显微硬度计、扫描电镜、电子万能试验机、透射电镜对合金的铸态组织、板材纤维组织、力学性能、耐蚀性能、第二相粒子成分进行了分析,研究了微量元素Zr对5083铝合金组织性能的影响。结果表明,添加微量元素Zr能够细化合金组织,与未添加Zr相比,添加0.1Zr的5083合金的铸态晶粒尺寸从123μm降至73μm,并使第二相粒子Al₆Mn(Fe)尺寸变小;同时使晶间腐蚀坑变小,合金耐蚀性得到提高。添加微量元素Zr还能抑制合金板材再结晶,300℃退火1 h无明显再结晶现象;尤其是5083+0.1Zr合金经250℃退火1 h,抗拉强度为389.50 MPa,屈服强度为215.62 MPa,伸长率为18.2%,仍完全满足使用要求。     

累积叠轧温度对AZ31镁合金组织和性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、室温拉伸试验、显微硬度计、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等方法研究了累积叠轧温度对AZ31镁合金晶粒尺寸、基面织构、界面结合情况及力学性能的影响。结果表明:3道次累积叠轧后的AZ31镁合金晶粒细化效果明显,硬度增大,随着累积叠轧温度的升高,晶粒细化效果减弱,硬度增加趋势减弱。累积叠轧温度升高有弱化基面织构的作用。AZ31镁合板材在450 ℃累积叠轧3道次,综合力学性能最佳,为显微硬度70.64 HV0.05,抗拉强度288.64 MPa,屈服强度203.76 MPa,伸长率16.96%,界面结合强度21.53 MPa。     

Microstructure,texture and residual stress in a friction-stir-processed AZ31B magnesium alloy

Spatial variations of microstructure, hardness, chemical composition, tensile behavior, texture and residual stresses were investigated in a friction-stir-processed (FSP) AZ31B magnesium alloy. The residual stresses were measured using two different methods: neutron diffraction and the contour method. No significant variations in the hardness and chemical compositions were found in the FSP zones, including the severely deformed stir zone (SZ), which showed a finer grain size compared to the heat-affected zone and base material. On the other hand, significant changes in the tensile yield strength, texture, and residual stresses were observed in the FSP zones. The relationship between the texture variations and yield strength reduction; and its influence on the decrease in the residual stress near the SZ is discussed. Finally, the residual stresses measured by neutron diffraction and the contour method are compared and the effect of the texture on neutron diffraction residual stress measurements is discussed.     

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of TIG and FSW Joints of a New Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr Alloy

A new Al-5.8%Mg-0.4%Mn-0.25%Sc-0.10%Zr (wt.%) alloy was successfully welded by tungsten inert gas (TIG) and friction stir welding (FSW) techniques, respectively. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the welded joints were investigated by microhardness measurements, tensile tests, and microscopy methods. The results show that the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation to failure are 358, 234 MPa, and 27.6% for TIG welded joint, and 376, 245 MPa and 31.9% for FSW joint, respectively, showing high strength and superior ductility. The TIG welded joint fails in the heat-affected zone and the fracture of FSW joint is located in stirred zone. Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy is characterized by lots of dislocation tangles and secondary coherent Al₃(Sc,Zr) particles. The superior mechanical properties of the TIG and FSW joints are mainly derived from the Orowan strengthening and grain boundary strengthening caused by secondary coherent Al₃(Sc,Zr) nano-particles (20-40 nm). For new Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy, the positive effect from secondary Al₃(Sc, Zr) particles in the base metal can be better preserved in FSW joint than in TIG welded joint.     

Al3(Sc1-xZrx)纳米粒子对搅拌摩擦焊Al-Mg-Mn合金显微组织和力学性能的影响(英文)

通过拉伸测试和显微分析方法研究搅拌摩擦焊Al-5.50Mg-0.45Mn和Al-5.50Mg-0.45Mn-0.25Sc-0.10Zr(质量分数,%)合金的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,Al-Mg-Mn接头的屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为(191±3) MPa、(315±1) MPa和(4.8±1.9)%,Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr接头的分别为(288±5) MPa、(391±2) MPa和(3.4±1.0)%。相比Al-Mg-Mn接头,Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr接头晶粒更细小、平均取向差角更低、小角度晶界百分数更高。两种接头的断裂位置均位于焊核区(WNZ),在该“最薄弱微区”内,Al₃(Sc_1-xZr_x)纳米粒子的平均尺寸为(9.92±2.69) nm,可提供有效奥罗万和晶界强化,使Al-Mg-Mn接头的屈服强度提高97 MPa。     

Mg-6Gd-3Y-2Zn-0.5Zr镁合金的组织和性能

设计了新型Mg-6Gd-3Y-2Zn-0.5Zr镁合金,并用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及拉伸试验机对合金铸态、均匀化态及挤压态的显微组织特征和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,铸态Mg-6Gd-3Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金组织主要由α-Mg基体和沿晶界分布的块状长周期堆垛有序结构相组成,均匀化处理(450℃×16h)促使细小层片状的长周期堆垛有序结构相由晶界向晶内生长。挤压态Mg-6Gd-3Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金在200℃下时效处理,无明显时效硬化现象,但挤压态合金具有优良的强韧性能,室温抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为335MPa、276MPa和17%。     

Tensile Behavior of Ultrafine-Grained Al-4Zn-2Mg Alloy Produced by Cryorolling

An Al-4Zn-2Mg alloy was subjected to cryorolling (CR) followed by short annealing. An average grain size of ~100 nm was achieved. Cryorolled samples showed large reduction in grain size due to suppression of dynamic recovery and absence of annihilation of dislocations, as compared to room temperature rolled samples. Further, the ultrafine-grained (UFG) Al-4Zn-2Mg alloy when subjected to natural aging showed an improved strength of ~413 MPa with ductility of ~25%, as compared to ~360 MPa and 22% ductility in peak aged condition of coarse-grained alloy. However, UFG alloy in peak aging condition, exhibited a relatively strength (~375 MPa) and 24% ductility combinations than the natural aging condition. The latter is attributed to dynamic precipitation and stored energy. In the present study, it is demonstrated that simultaneous improvement in strength as well as ductility can be achieved for the Al-4Zn-2Mg alloy through CR and controlled heat treatment combinations.