用光透消光法测定颗粒物质的折射率

基于Ｍｉｅ光散射理论及Ｌａｍｂｅｒｔ—Ｂｅｅｒ光透射定律，本文提出一种测定颗粒状物质的折射率的有效方法──光透消光法。本文给出了测量原理、方法及对几种标准颗粒折射率的实测结果     

颗粒浓度在线监测的双波长消光法

用消光法（Ｌｉｇｈｔ ｅｘｔｉｎｃｔｉｏｎ）可以测量微粒的粒度及浓度,但一般仅限于实验室装置。本文提出了一种双波长消光法进行颗粒浓度在线监测的新方法。文中除给出理论分析外,还给出了实测结果。     

颗粒粒度在线测量的多对波长消光法

本文提出一种新的能实现颗粒粒度在线监测的多对波长消光法。理论分析及实验研究证实了这种方法的有效性。     

多波长消光测粒技术的一种改进方法

:在详细研究现有多波长消光测粒技术的基础上 ,分析了各个波长下各透射光强之间的内在联系 ,并提出消光测粒技术在具体应用中的一种新的改进方法。     

颗粒尺寸在线测量的光透消光法

提出了用光透消光法（或称全散射法）对颗粒尺寸及其分布进行实时在线测量的方法。并模拟生产现场颗粒状况,用标准粒子作了一系列验证实验,实验结果很好地证实了本方法的有效性。     

消光法测量乳剂颗粒的研究

为研究消光法颗粒粒径测量中浓度和双层球形颗粒问题,根据Lambert-Beer定律,对不同浓度下的乳剂和PBA/PMMA双层球颗粒乳剂采用多波长消光法进行测量分析。实验结果表明:当颗粒物浓度超出某一临界浓度范围后,由消光法测量的粒径结果将受浓度变化的剧烈影响;对于核壳结构的双层球形颗粒,如果两层结构的折射率相差不大,采用其中一种折射率通过消光法来测量,其结果仍比较准确,误差不大。     

PCS亚微米及纳米颗粒粒度测量仪的研制

介绍一种利用光子相关光谱技术进行亚微米及纳米颗粒粒度测量的PCS粒度仪的工作原理和设计。     

Ar离子轰击对金纳米颗粒团簇的影响

利用兰州重离子加速器国家实验室电子回旋共振离子源（ECRIS）原子物理平台,观测了200nm金膜基底上的金纳米颗粒经288keV的40Ar12＋离子束轰击后的熔化及再生长情况,通过原子力显微镜（AFM）表征和理论分析发现轰击后金纳米颗粒团簇首先熔化为单个金原子,然后自组装生成尺寸更大但尺寸不一的纳米颗粒,表明可在室温下控制纳米颗粒的尺寸。     

动态线偏振光散射纳米颗粒粒度测量法的研究与分析

多重散射是传统动态光散射法测量纳米颗粒溶液浓度上限受到限制的主要原因。为此文中提出了动态线偏振光散射纳米颗粒粒度测量法,通过改变颗粒入射光和散射光的偏振状态,降低颗粒间多重散射的影响。现利用Mie散射理论分析了入射光与散射光偏振状态之间的关系,并通过实验方法探知偏振光在散射介质中的传输特性,揭示了在动态光散射中使用垂直偏振光作为入射光的实验依据。最后对动态线偏振光散射颗粒测量法和传统光子相关光谱测量法进行了实验及分析,通过两种方法的比较,验证了上述理论的正确性。     

空间目标光度测量的消光修正拟合

为了提高光度测量的精度进而提高反演空间目标的姿态、形状等特性的准确率,提出了消光修正拟合的光度测量方法.传统的光度测量是利用一些已知星等恒星的灰度值计算零等星灰度值,然后再通过待测目标的灰度值计算出待测目标的星等值,在此过程中加入经典大气消光模型所带来的影响.先是利用实测数据对光度测量计算过程中的消光修正进行拟合,充分...     

Synthesis and optical properties research of gold nanoparticles with different morphologies

本文制备了不同形貌的金纳米颗粒,并对其形貌对光学性能的影响进行了研究。本文用还原法制备了不同粒径的金纳米颗粒,采用晶种生长法成功地制备出了星形、梭形和棒状的金纳米颗粒。颗粒的形貌和大小并采用投射电子显微镜(TEM)进行了表征,结果说明,本文成功制备出了不同形貌大小的金纳米颗粒。UV-Vis光谱和拉曼光谱仪对制备的颗粒的表征测试说明,不同形貌大小对颗粒有着不同的光学性能。拉曼光谱的结果说明,不同形貌大小的金纳米颗粒可以用作不同浓度分子的探针,对物质进行检测。     

One-step preparation of hybrid materials of polyacrylamide networks and gold nanoparticles

Hybrid materials of polyacrylamide networks and gold nanoparticles were prepared by directly heating an aqueous solution containing HAuCl(4), acrylamide, N,N'-methylenebis-acrylamide, and sodium sulfite (Na(2)SO(3)). Acrylamide, N,N'-methylenebis-acrylamide, and Na(2)SO(3) were used as monomers, crosslinking agent, and initiator, respectively. In the process of polyacrylamide network synthesis, HAuCl(4) was reduced by acrylamide and Na(2)SO(3) into gold nanoparticles and adsorbed on the produced polyacrylamide networks. Transmission electron microscopy proved that the size of gold nanoparticles was in the range of 3-10 nm. Atomic force microscopy showed that the gold nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed into the polyacrylamide networks matrix. The hybrid materials as absorbents may be useful in healthcare, communication technology, building industry, chromatography, water purification, and agriculture.     

High resolution SEM imaging of gold nanoparticles in cells and tissues

The growing demand of gold nanoparticles in medical applications increases the need for simple and efficient characterization methods of the interaction between the nanoparticles and biological systems. Due to its nanometre resolution, modern scanning electron microscopy (SEM) offers straightforward visualization of metallic nanoparticles down to a few nanometre size, almost without any special preparation step. However, visualization of biological materials in SEM requires complicated preparation procedure, which is typically finished by metal coating needed to decrease charging artefacts and quick radiation damage of biomaterials in the course of SEM imaging. The finest conductive metal coating available is usually composed of a few nanometre size clusters, which are almost identical to the metal nanoparticles employed in medical applications. Therefore, SEM monitoring of metal nanoparticles within cells and tissues is incompatible with the conventional preparation methods. In this work, we show that charging artefacts related to non‐conductive biological specimen can be successfully eliminated by placing the uncoated biological sample on a conductive substrate. By growing the cells on glass pre‐coated with a chromium layer, we were able to observe the uptake of 10 nm gold nanoparticles inside uncoated and unstained macrophages and keratinocytes cells. Imaging in back scattered electrons allowed observation of gold nanoparticles located inside the cells, while imaging in secondary electron gave information on gold nanoparticles located on the surface of the cells. By mounting a skin cross‐section on an improved conductive holder, consisting of a silicon substrate coated with copper, we were able to observe penetration of gold nanoparticles of only 5 nm size through the skin barrier in an uncoated skin tissue. The described method offers a convenient modification in preparation procedure for biological samples to be analyzed in SEM. The method provides high conductivity without application of surface coating and requires less time and a reduced use of toxic chemicals.     

Laser scanning photothermal microscopy: fast detection and imaging of gold nanoparticles

We report on the design and construction of a laser scanning photothermal microscope and present images of gold nanoparticles of size as small as 5 nm. Laser scanning method allows fast image acquisition at 80 μs pixel dwell time so that a 500 × 500 pixel image is acquired in 20 s. Photothermal imaging at fast time scales can have potential applications in variety of fields including tracking of biomolecular transport processes.     

Friction and wear characteristics of vegetable oils using nanoparticles for sustainable lubrication

The non biodegradability associated with the mineral oils, ever increasing global demand for lubricants and limited crude oil resources have led to a paradigm shift of focus from non-renewable to renewable. The problems of friction and wear being innate to engineering applications, further poses environmental hazards by way of more fuel consumption and wear debris. The present paper is aimed to highlight the research studies carried out to exploit the addition of nanoparticle additives in vegetable oils. The encouraging results obtained therein suggest that vegetable oils have a tremendous potential to be used as lubricating oils. Moreover, the issues which are limiting their use have also been presented in this paper.     

Nanoscale characterization of gold nanoparticles created by in situ reduction at a polymeric surface

Transmission Electron Microscopy is used as a quantitative method to measure the shapes, sizes and volumes of gold nanoparticles created at a polymeric surface by three different in situ synthesis methods. The atomic number contrast (Z‐contrast) imaging technique reveals nanoparticles which are formed on the surface of the polymer. However, with certain reducing agents, the gold nanoparticles are additionally found up to 20 nm below the polymer surface. In addition, plan‐view high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy images were statistically analyzed on one sample to measure the volume, height and effective diameter of the gold nanoparticles and their size distributions. Depth analysis from high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy micrographs also gives information on the dominant shape of the nanoparticles.     

Online monitoring of gold nanoparticles and induced aggregation by photothermal lens microscopy

In this paper, we have developed inverted photothermal lens microscopy (PTLM) with a flow through optical cell for online detection of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to monitor the AuNP production process and aggregation. The indirect detection of the plasmonic signals of AuNPs was performed using the thermal lens phenomena. The measurements were made using continuous-wave excitation (532?nm) and probe laser beams (652?nm). The changes of the transmitted probe beam’s intensity were detected with a photodiode. The results show the possibility of online determination of AuNPs in micro and nanovolumes in the range of 1.7–13.7 particles for the focal volume of the excitation beam. The obtained limit of detection and relative standard deviation for 10 repeated measurements of AuNPs were 0.65?nM and 1.43%, respectively. Therefore, this system was successfully applied for screening of aggregation in process applications.     

Laser sintering of Cu nanoparticles on PET polymer substrate for printed electronics at different wavelengths and process conditions

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering - This study explores the feasibility of different laser systems to sinter screen-printed lines from nonconductive copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) on polyethylene...