铜冠冶化硫铁矿制酸清洁生产及循环经济实践

介绍了铜冠冶化分公司硫铁矿制酸清洁生产及围绕硫铁资源发展循环经济的情况。工业园区内构建了2×400 kt/a硫铁矿制酸、3×104kW废热发电机组、1 200 kt/a铁球团及配套有机胺脱硫、60 kt/a碳酸二甲酯联产48 kt/a丙二醇、100 kt/d工业水厂等循环经济项目。铜冠冶化分公司采用先进高效的技术和设备确保制酸装置稳定运行。通过减少生产现场扬尘污染、加强污水、尾气达标排放及固体废渣的综合利用,企业实现清洁生产。根据企业实际,今后将规划实施制酸尾气脱硫改造、净化稀酸资源化利用、200 kt/a复杂硫精矿综合利用等项目,并延伸发展硫铁化工产业链。     

磷石膏制硫酸联产水泥装置考核情况

用30kt/a磷铵副产的磷石膏制40kt/a硫酸联产60kt/a水泥的装置工艺成熟、技术可靠、设备选型合理、产品质量合格;生产能力达到并超过了设计指标(磷铵为139.6％、硫酸为115.4％、水泥为104.8％),且能连续安全运行(磷铵、硫酸、水泥装置的运转率分别为99％、100％、100％);企业的经济效益(预计全年可实现利税1342万元)、社会效益和环境效益显著;可作为相应规模磷铵装置的配套工程。     

LDPE装置密相输送工艺技术的研究和应用

简述了国内某厂250 kt/a LDPE装置中配套输送系统采用密相输送的主要技术原理,通过技术方案的研究,确定了进行输送的关键技术参数,为装置达到设计指标、稳定生产,提供了可靠的技术基础.     

河南中州铝厂100kt/a联碱工程完成施工图设计

由大化集团大连设计研究院承担设计的河南中州铝厂100kt/a联碱工程 ,经设计人员的努力于2003年3月31日完成了方案设计及可研报告 ,同年6月30日完成了全部工程的施工图设计 ,随即工程进入全面施工安装。大化集团大连设计研究院河南中州铝厂100kt/a联碱工程项目组 ,严格按照国家法规、标准和ISO9001系列标准进行管理 ,充分利用已有成熟的设计文件“大化180kt/a氨碱改联碱工程” ,使整个工程的设计质量和设计进度等方面得到了有效地控制 ,圆满地完成了合同规定的设计任务 ,即 :I期生产规模100kt/a纯碱和氯化铵 ;II期预留发展规模200kt/a纯碱…     

中国加入WTO对鸿化的影响及对策

1 现状鸿鹤化工股份有限公司(简称鸿化)经过40年的发展壮大,目前拥有联碱、氯碱两大生产系统,主要生产装置有100kt/a合成氨、285kt/a纯碱、285kt/a氯化铵、150kt/a重质纯碱、50kt/a小苏打、80kt/a隔膜法烧碱、50kt/a离子膜烧碱、40kt/a甲烷氯化物、12kt/a饲料级磷酸氢钙和50kt/a复肥。1999年,实现工业总产值80034万     

宜化集团楚星公司700kt/a磷酸二铵工程建设及开车总结

对宜化集团楚星公司磷酸二铵(DAP)工程(包括1 200 kt/a选矿、300 kt/a硫酸改建、350 kt/a磷酸、700 kt/a磷酸二铵)设计、建设及开车状况进行总结,该工程的各装置投产后,生产运行周期正常,各项控制指标达到设计要求。     

工业副产石膏制硫酸联产水泥技术的实践与创新

介绍鲁北化工现有200 kt/a磷石膏制硫酸联产300 kt/a水泥装置的工艺流程及主要设备、原料要求、控制指标和操作要点。提出拟建300 kt/a磷石膏制硫酸联产400 kt/a水泥装置的技术方案,重点介绍所引入的技术创新。对磷石膏制硫酸联产水泥的成本和效益进行了分析,认为大力推广石膏制硫酸联产水泥对防止环境污染和实现资源循环意义重大。     

九江石化2010年销售收入236亿元

2010年,中国石油化工股份有限公司九江分公司(简称九江石化)炼油加工量4 730 kt,生产尿素241 kt、聚丙烯103 kt;销售收入236亿元,实现历史性突破。九江石化有46套主要生产装置,具有6.5 Mt/a原油综合加工能力,100 kt/a聚丙烯、30 kt/a硫磺生产能力以及300 kt/a合成氨、520 kt/a尿素的化     

中国石化CBL裂解技术的大型化及其应用

介绍了国内外乙烯装置裂解炉大型化情况。重点叙述了中国石化CBL(北方炉)乙烯裂解技术的大型化情况。自1998年至今,100 kt/a以上规模的CBL裂解炉已成功在百万级乙烯装置中得到大面积应用,数量达到49台,总乙烯产量达到5 480 kt/a,所开发的150 kt/a及200 kt/a的裂解炉也已工业化。CBL大型化裂解炉已实现系列化,总体技术经济指标达到国际先进水平,部分达到国际领先水平。     

粉状磷酸一铵扩产技术改造

湖北中孚化工有限公司磷酸一铵装置于2007年投产,年设计产能100kt。由于生产的W（总养分）60％的高品位磷酸一铵难以满足市场需求,以及100kt／a复合肥装置的投产对磷酸一铵的需求,公司技术人员对中和浓缩、喷粉干燥、供氨及包装工序原有设备进行改造,使磷酸一铵装置产量由设计产能100kt／a提高到150kt／a,产品质量稳定,且解决了整套磷酸一铵生产装置的水平衡问题。     

Detonation of a Column of a Chemically Active Bubbly Medium in a Liquid

The problem of a detonation wave propagating in a cylindrical column of a chemically active bubbly medium screened by a liquid from the tube walls is formulated and numerically solved within the framework of the Iordanskii–Kogarko two-phase model with allowance for energy dissipation due to acoustic radiation of bubbles. The wave structure of the reaction zone and the detonation velocity of the bubbly medium column are calculated. It is found that the self-sustaining wave can propagate with a velocity greater than the velocity of one-dimensional bubble detonation by a factor of 1.5–2.5.     

Extraction into a flow of a fluid with a velocity gradient

Unsteady extraction from a system of semi-infinite capillaries to the flow of a fluid with a linear velocity gradient is studied. An assumption that the diffusion in the flow is a quasi-steady-state process is taken to obtain a linear equation for the local mass flux from the pore space, which involves fractional derivatives with respect to time and flow coordinate. Limiting solutions for the total diffusion flux at small and large times that cover the entire time interval are found.     

Separation of mixtures and distribution of a liquid on a structured packing in a large-scale model of a distillation column

A large-scale experimental setup is designed to study the hydrodynamic parameters and the mass-transfer efficiency in a countercurrent flow of mixtures of Freon R21 and Freon R114 on structured packings in a column 0.9 m in diameter. The study deals with the local and integral parameters of separation of the mixture, the degrees of nonuniformity of the flow rates and concentration distributions of the liquid and vapor phases over a cross section and on the column wall, and the pressure difference while varying the number of packing layers and their rotation angle. The mass-transfer processes while independently varying the liquid and vapor flow rates over wide ranges are also investigated. Experimental data are presented to illustrate the effect of the operating parameters on the height of an equivalent theoretical plate, the relative pressure difference, and the distributions of the local parameters of the flows.     

Interaction of a Shock Wave with a Cloud of Aluminum Particles in a Channel

Interaction of an incident shock wave (with a rectangular or triangular profile behind its front) with a finite-width semi-infinite cloud of aluminum particles located in a channel along the plane of symmetry is numerically simulated. Shock-wave interaction with the leading edge of the cloud results in the formation of a vortex that leads to cloud dispersion. Reflection of the curved shock wave from the plane of symmetry may be regular or may include the formation of the Mach stem. If the cloud is loaded by a rather strong shock wave, a detonation wave is formed in the cloud. In this case, the flow is periodic, which is caused by passing of transverse waves and their reflection from the walls.     

Transient Outflow of a Liquid from a System of Holes in a Horizontal Tube

The transient outflow of a liquid from a perforated horizontal tube as a result of abruptly applied constant pressure is studied theoretically and experimentally. Equations and a computer program are developed for estimating the parameters of such transient processes. Retardation of the liquid outflow is observed, and its mechanism is discussed.     

Reflection of a shock wave from a rigid wall in a mixture of a liquid metal and solid particles

The problem of reflection of shock waves and expansion waves from a rigid wall in a mixture of liquid iron and small molybdenum crystals is considered. The study is performed within the framework of equilibrium and nonequilibrium approximations of mechanics of heterogeneous media with different pressures of the components. The mathematical model is verified by fitting the dependence of the equilibrium-frozen velocity of sound on the initial pressure in the mixture with available experimental data. In the equilibrium approach, the dependence of the type of the reflected wave on the type of the incident wave is determined. Direct numerical calculations within the framework of the nonequilibrium model of mechanics of heterogeneous media confirmed the validity of the reflection chart obtained. The possibility of significant compacting of molybdenum particles in reflected waves is revealed. Translated fromFizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 97–107, July–August, 2000. This work was performed within the framework of the Integration Project No. 97-24 of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences.