原花青素对乙二醇所致大鼠肾结石的影响

目的:探究肾结石大鼠在原花青素的干预下,其相关血液指标、肾内结晶及肾小管损伤情况,为预防肾结石提供思路。方法:40只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组(A)、成石组(B)、低、高剂量原花青素干预组(C、D)各10只。除空白组外,均采用1.25%乙二醇合1%氯化铵灌胃法制作肾结石大鼠模型,C、D组分别用原花青素5 mg/kg、10 mg/kg灌胃。实验结束时检测大鼠血肌酐、尿素氮浓度及肾组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量并观察大鼠肾内结晶情况及肾小管氧化应激程度。结果:成石组与空白组比较,大鼠肌酐、尿素氮及MDA含量增加,SOD活性降低(P0.01);低、高剂量原花青素干预组大鼠经不同浓度原花青素处理后与成石组比较,大鼠肌酐、尿素氮及MDA含量降低,SOD活性增加(P0.05)。经原花青素干预后,肾小管内形成晶体数量减少,且以高剂量原花青素(10 mg/kg)灌胃后减少更明显,且肾小管炎性反应减轻更明显。结论:肾结石大鼠在原花青素的干预下,肾内氧化应激水平降低,肾功能转好,肾内结晶数量减少,证明原花青素对预防大鼠肾结石及保护肾功能有积极作用。     

即制型奶茶饮料成分研究及其对人体健康的影响

市面即制型奶茶种类繁多,除去不同口味和添加不同配料外,奶茶饮料是以茶叶的水提取液、茶粉等作为原料,加入乳或乳制品、食糖等甜味剂、食用奶精等调制而成的液体饮料.很多研究表明这些原料里面,茶粉含有的咖啡因、奶精即植脂末中的反式脂肪酸、甜味剂都会对健康产生影响.本文综述市面即制型奶茶中咖啡因、反式脂肪酸、糖分含量及其可能带来...     

原花青素的生物活性

原花青素是一种聚多酚类混合物,有着极强的抗氧化及清除自由基活性,还有调节脂质代谢、抗肿瘤、降血压、治疗眼科疾病、免疫调节等作用。综述了原花青素生理活性的研究进展,探讨了目前仍存在的一些问题,并对原花青素的发展前景进行了展望。     

蓝莓原花青素的提取与检测方法

花青素属于酚类化合物中的类黄酮类,花青素广泛存在于自然界中,多达三百多种。具有极强的抗氧化作用,可以抵御自由基对人体的损伤,具有延缓衰老、抗辐射的功效。在医药保健、化妆品、食品添加等方面被广泛应用。本文阐述了蓝莓原花青素的提取方法及测定技术。     

花青素类植物活性物质的分析方法

阐述了花青素、花色苷、原花青素的概念、结构,并重点对紫外-可见光谱法、液相色谱法、质谱的分析方法进行了综述。     

原花青素经肠道微生态途径对脂质代谢的调节

目的研究原花青素(Proanthocyanidin,PC)经肠道微生态途径调节脂质代谢。方法取成年雄性SD大鼠和长爪沙鼠,经基础饲料适应性喂养1周后,采集尾静脉血,收集血清,检测血清总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)水平,并按TC及体重分为基础对照组、模型对照组、低剂量组(25 mg/kg PC)、中剂量组(100 mg/kg PC)、高剂量组(150 mg/kg PC)、阳性对照组(非诺倍特80 mg/kg),基础对照组饲以普通基础饲料,其余各组均饲以高脂饲料,每天灌胃1次,大鼠连续灌胃8周,沙鼠连续灌胃2周。大鼠8周末、沙鼠2周末,经股动脉采血,分离血清,处死前3 d收集72 h粪便。采用全自动生化仪检测TC、甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High-density lipopro-tein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、血总胆汁酸(Total bileacid,TBA)水平;循环酶法试剂盒测定粪TBA排出量水平;双抗体两步夹心ELISA法测定卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶(Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase,LCAT)活性。解剖处死的大鼠和沙鼠,进行病理组织学分析。提取大鼠、沙鼠小肠、盲肠细菌基因组DNA,采用PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳(Denatured gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)进行动物模型肠道微生态菌群多样性变化分析。结果模型对照组大鼠和沙鼠TC、TG水平明显高于基础对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),表明高脂模型建模成功。与模型对照组相比,各剂量组和阳性对照组大鼠、沙鼠TC、TG、LDL-C、血TBA水平均降低,LCAT活性、粪TBA排出量均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各剂量组大鼠肝脏损伤、肝细胞肿胀、变性等病变程度明显减轻,肝组织病理变化明显改善。DGGE检测及图像分析显示,大鼠各剂量组肠道优势菌群多样性明显增加,随着PC干预剂量加大,中、高剂量组肠道菌群多样性明显减少;沙鼠低剂量组与模型对照组的肠道菌群结构基本相似,而中、高剂量组肠道菌群多样性明显减少,肠道优势菌群结构明显恢复。结论 100、150 mg/kg PC干预的实验动物模型中,肠道菌群结构多样性明显恢复,提示PC可通过肠道菌群这一靶标,进行脂质代谢的调节。     

柳树叶中原花青素的提取与含量测定

以乙醇提取柳树叶的原花青素,考察了乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间和提取温度等对提取率的影响。结果表明,乙醇浓度70%,料液比1∶20,提取温度70℃,提取时间120 min为最佳提取条件。运用香草醛-盐酸显色法,对最佳提取条件下提取的柳树叶中原花青素含量进行测定,测得绥化地产柳树叶中原花青素含量为10.77 mg/g。     

反式脂肪酸测定方法的研究

简要介绍了反式脂肪酸(TFA)的生成途径及主要的食物来源,反式脂肪酸对人体健康的主要危害和影响,综述了反式脂肪酸的分析检测方法如气相色谱法、红外光谱法、Ag离子色谱技术、毛细管电泳法等,并比较了各种方法的优缺点。     

油茶果壳加工技术的研究

简单介绍了油茶和茶壳,介绍了茶壳中所含成分及应用价值,研究的主要内容,分析方法及关键技术。本研究的实施,将进一步提高茶壳的深加工水平,提高油茶副产品的附加值,延伸油茶加工的产业链,降低生产成本,最终使茶壳深加工行业达到高效、集约、环保的目的。     

葡萄籽中提取原花青素的研究

用常规溶剂提取青、红两种葡萄籽中的原花青素。研究了葡萄籽品种、操作温度、提取剂种类和提取剂浓度对原花青素提取效果的影响。结果表明,最优工艺参数为青、红两种葡萄籽分别用搅拌方式提取,料液比1∶20,提取2h,50℃,青葡萄籽提取剂为丙酮,浓度60%～80%,产物纯度和提取率达67.35%和7.86%;红葡萄籽提取剂为乙醇,浓度80%,产物纯度和提取率达55.20%和5.36%。     

三氟氯氰菊酯对小鼠肝、肾的影响

[目的]以三氟氯氰菊酯对小鼠的蓄积毒性试验为基础,通过观察三氟氯氰菊酯染毒对肝、肾组织病理学改变及肝组织生化指标等的影响来评价其对小鼠肝、肾的毒性.[方法]肝、肾组织经固定液固定后,常规脱水,石蜡包埋,切片,染色,光镜下观察病理改变.检测肝组织生化指标:酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性测定.以上酶指标均采用南京建成生物工程研究所试剂盒所提供的方法测定.[结果]蓄积毒性试验组中,肝脏切片有崩解现象,为局灶性坏死,其余肝部位无异常;肾脏切片为局灶性坏死程度严重,此种病变多见于肾皮质细胞,髓质细胞无异样变化.试验组小鼠体质量与对照组相比增重减少,且有极显著差异(P＜0.01).AKP无显著差异(P＞0.05),ACP、LDH、SOD存在显著差异(0.01＜P＜0.05),GSH-PX存在极显著差异(P＜0.01),这说明三氟氯氰菊酯对小鼠肝脏有一定的影响.[结论]试验研究表明三氟氯氰菊酯为明显蓄积物质,且对小鼠肝、肾有严重损伤.     

毒死蜱对雄性大鼠生精功能的影响

探讨毒死蜱(chlorpyifos,CPF)对雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响.选择6周龄雄性SD大鼠按体重随机分成4组,每组10只.灌胃给予CPF,剂量为0(对照组)、0.82、2.45、7.35 mg/(kg·d).于染毒8周后,观察大鼠体重、睾丸和附睾重量及脏器系数、精子畸形率、精子计数、活动精子百分率,光镜病理学检查;检测睾丸组织匀浆的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-GT)的活性.与对照组比较,随CPF染毒剂量的增加,体重显著下降(P＜O.05),染毒组睾丸重量显著升高(P＜0.05),7.35 mg/kg染毒组附睾重量显著升高(P＜0.05),各自脏器系数均显著升高(P＜0.05).与对照组比较,7.35 mg/kg染毒组的附睾精子数及附睾精子活力显著降低,LDH和AKP的活性受到明显抑制(P＜0.05).2.45、7.35 mg/kg染毒组的ACP活力较对照组显著降低,精子畸形率显著升高(P＜0.05).3个染毒组γ-GT活性较对照组增加,差异显著(P＜0.05).CPF可对机体产生明显的毒性作用,主要靶器官为睾丸,对大鼠精子形成和成熟过程有损伤作用,有雄性生殖毒性.     

化瘀浊益肝肾法对高血压病患者左心室肥厚和左室功能的影响

目的 观察以化瘀浊益肝肾法为治疗原则的降压1号颗粒对2级高血压病合并左心室肥厚患者的左心室肥厚和左室舒张功能的影响.方法 采用随机双盲安慰剂对照的临床试验方法 .156例符合纳入标准的成年高血压病患者随机接受降压1号(治疗组79例)或降压2号颗柱(对照组安慰剂76例)治疗12周后,对两组中合并左心室肥厚者的血压变化和超声心动图指标进行研究分析.结果 两组均能有效降压,组间疗效比较差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05);治疗组在改善左室结构方面疗效明显优于对照组(P＜0.05);左室舒张功能增强幅度治疗组优于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 化瘀浊益肝肾法不仅能有效地降低血压,而且能逆转左心室肥厚、提高左室舒张功能,明显提高患者的生活质量.     

Effect of Mineral-Balanced Deep-Sea Water on Kidney Function and Renal Oxidative Stress Markers in Rats Fed a High-Salt Diet

This study investigated the effect of mineral-balanced deep-sea water (DSW) on kidney health using an animal model of kidney injury due to a high-sodium diet. High magnesium/low sodium (HMLS) and high magnesium/high calcium (HMHC) DSW samples with different mineral contents were prepared. Sprague–Dawley rats were fed an 8% sodium chloride (NaCl) diet for four weeks to induce kidney injury, and each group was supplied with purified water or mineral water. Kidney injury was observed in the NaCl group according to increased kidney injury markers and malondialdehydes, providing evidence of oxidative stress. However, the kidney injury was repaired by the intake of mineral-balanced DSW. It was confirmed that the HMLS and HMHC groups showed improved Na⁺ excretion through the urine. Kidney injury markers in urine decreased and upregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein2 mRNA expression was observed in the HMLS and HMHC groups. In addition, superoxide dismutase activity was increased in the HMHC groups. The gene expression patterns of the RNA sequencing were similar between the CON and HMLS groups. These results suggest that DSW has beneficial effects on kidney health due to the balanced magnesium and calcium levels in models of kidney injury caused by excessive sodium intake.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中电凝钩电凝棒对肝功能影响的对比分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆囊床止血方式的不同对肝功能的影响。方法选择术前肝功能正常的患者140例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,随机使用电凝钩和电凝棒各70例进行胆囊床止血,手术后24h分别检测肝功能状况。结果手术后24h使用电凝钩组ALT、AST明显升高,而使用电凝棒组基本在正常范围内。结论使用电凝钩进行胆囊床止血会对患者造成一过性的肝功能损伤。腹腔镜胆囊切除术中选择合理的手术操作会减少肝功能损伤。     

Effects of Rice Bran Oil Enriched with n-3 PUFA on Liver and Serum Lipids in Rats

Lipase-catalyzed interesterification was used to prepare different structured lipids (SL) from rice bran oil (RBO) by replacing some of the fatty acids with α-linolenic acid (ALA) from linseed oil (LSO) and n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from cod liver oil (CLO). In one SL, the ALA content was 20% whereas in another the long chain n-3 PUFA content was 10%. Most of the n-3 PUFA were incorporated into the sn-1 and sn-3 positions of triacylglycerol. The influence of SL with RBO rich in ALA and EPA + DHA was studied on various lipid parameters in experimental animals. Rats fed RBO showed a decrease in total serum cholesterol by 10% when compared to groundnut oil (GNO). Similarly structured lipids with CLO and LSO significantly decreased total serum cholesterol by 19 and 22% respectively compared to rice bran oil. The serum TAGs level of rats fed SLs and blended oils were also significantly decreased by 14 and 17% respectively compared to RBO. Feeding of an n-3 PUFA rich diet resulted in the accumulation of long chain n-3 PUFA in various tissues and a reduction in the long chain n-6 PUFA. These studies indicate that the incorporation of ALA and EPA + DHA into RBO can offer health benefits.     

一种解酒护肝片对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用的研究

目的:研究解酒护肝片对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:将小鼠随机分为5组,正常组、模型组、解酒护肝片低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组。采用白酒灌胃造模,造模与给药同时进行。6周后测定血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、丙二醛(MDA)、甘油三酯(TG)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平。结果:各剂量解酒护肝片能显著降低小鼠血清ALT、AST活性和肝组织MDA、TG含量(P<0.05或P<0.01),提高肝组织SOD和GSH活性,各预防治疗组之间比较提示,以高剂量解酒护肝片作用最为显著。结论:解酒护肝片能有效预防小鼠酒精性肝病。     

Complex Positive Effects of SGLT-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin in the Liver,Kidney and Adipose Tissue of Hereditary Hypertriglyceridemic Rats: Possible Contribution of Attenuation of Cell Senescence and Oxidative Stress

(1) Background: empagliflozin, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, is an effective antidiabetic agent with strong cardio- and nephroprotective properties. The mechanisms behind its cardio- and nephroprotection are still not fully clarified. (2) Methods: we used male hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (hHTG) rats, a non-obese model of dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction fed standard diet with or without empagliflozin for six weeks to explore the molecular mechanisms of empagliflozin effects. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics; quantitative PCR of relevant genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, or senescence; glucose and palmitic acid oxidation in isolated tissues and cell lines of adipocytes and hepatocytes were used. (3) Results: empagliflozin inhibited weight gain and decreased adipose tissue weight, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides and increased HDL-cholesterol. It also improved insulin sensitivity in white fat. NMR spectroscopy identified higher plasma concentrations of ketone bodies, ketogenic amino acid leucine and decreased levels of pyruvate and alanine. In the liver, adipose tissue and kidney, empagliflozin up-regulated expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis and down-regulated expression of genes involved in lipogenesis along with reduction of markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and cell senescence. (4) Conclusion: multiple positive effects of empagliflozin, including reduced cell senescence and oxidative stress, could contribute to its long-term cardio- and nephroprotective actions.     

邻苯二甲酸单丁酯致小鼠肝脏和肾脏组织的氧化损伤

为了探究邻苯二甲酸单丁酯(MBP)对小鼠肝脏和肾脏的氧化损伤,将42只BALB/c小鼠随机分为7组,每组6只,分别为25mg·kg-1、50mg·kg-1、100mg·kg-1、200mg·kg-1的4个MBP染毒组、1个100mg·kg-1的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)染毒组、1个空白对照组、1个溶剂对照组。染毒期间对小鼠的体征进行观察;14d后取其肝脏和肾脏组织,制作小鼠肝脏和肾脏组织的切片,对肝脏和肾脏的组织学形态进行观察;制作组织匀浆液用于检测肝脏和肾脏组织细胞的ROS、GSH、MDA的含量,以了解MBP对肝脏和肾脏组织的氧化损伤作用。结果显示:各剂量组小鼠肝细胞和肾小管上皮细胞均出现不同程度的细胞核固缩、细胞水肿、空泡样变、脂肪滴增大融合等症状;ROS和MDA的含量与MBP的染毒剂量呈正相关,GSH的含量与MBP的染毒剂量呈负相关;相同剂量的DBP与MBP染毒组相比,MBP染毒组的ROS和MDA含量较高、GSH含量较低。表明,MBP的暴露与小鼠肝脏和肾脏组织的氧化损伤存在直接联系。     

Cereulide Exposure Caused Cytopathogenic Damages of Liver and Kidney in Mice

Cereulide is one of the main food-borne toxins for vomiting synthesized by Bacillus cereus, and it widely contaminates meat, eggs, milk, and starchy foods. However, the toxicological effects and mechanisms of the long-time exposure of cereulide in vivo remain unknown. In this study, oral administration of 50 and 200 μg/kg body weight cereulide in the mice for 28 days caused oxidative stress in liver and kidney tissues and induce abnormal expression of inflammatory factors. In pathogenesis, cereulide exposure activated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) via the pathways of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α)/Xbox binding protein (XBP1) and PRKR-like ER kinase (PERK)/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), and consequently led to the apoptosis and tissue damages in mouse liver and kidney. In vitro, we confirmed that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by cereulide is the main factor leading to ER stress in HepaRG and HEK293T cells. Supplementation of sodium butyrate (NaB) inhibited the activations of IRE1α/XBP1 and PERK/eIF2α pathways caused by cereulide exposure in mice, and reduced the cell apoptosis in liver and kidney. In conclusion, this study provides a new insight in understanding the toxicological mechanism and prevention of cereulide exposure.