Improved current source GTO inverter-fed induction motor driveswith PWM-controlled thyristor converter

An improved current-source GTO (gate turn-off) inverter system for driving an induction motor at high frequency was developed. This system is composed of an inverter using GTOs and a PWM (pulsewidth-modulated)-controlled thyristor rectifier. The energy rebound circuit in the inverter is used to turn off the thyristors in the rectifier and to apply PWM control techniques. This circuit plays an important role in the treatment of reactive power in a load. The capacitors connected to the AC input terminal to improve PWM control also function as a filter. Thus, the waveforms of the input voltage and current become almost sinusoidal. Principles and circuit operations of the rectifier section are described in detail. The current-source GTO inverter is used to drive a 5.5 kW induction motor. The experimental waveform and characteristics for the tested motor drives are given. It is shown that the harmonic components of the input voltage and current are eliminated or reduced by using the PWM control technique without spoiling the inherent characteristics of the current-source GTO inverter     

Analysis of PWM GTO Current Source Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Drive System

A GTO current source inverter which consists of six main GTO's, two auxiliary GTO's, and three capacitors is presented. This inverter can supply both the sinusoidal voltage and current to the motor by pulsewidth modulation (PWM) techniques. The normal PWM pattern produced by two control signals with the carrier and the modulating waves and the optimal PWM pattern determined by the harmonic analysis are described. The experimental waveforms for 2.2-kW induction motor drives are given and the circuit operation of this inverter in the PWM technique is clearly shown. In addition, the steady-state characteristics of this inverter-induction motor drive system are analyzed by the state-variable methods, and a close agreement between the analyzed and the experimental waveforms is obtained. It is shown that the harmonic components are eliminated or reduced by using the optimal PWM pattern, and the new inverter with sinusoidal current and voltage is very excellent for ac motor drive.     

New GTO Current Source Inverter with Pulsewidth Modulation Control Techniques

A new GTO current source inverter in which two auxiliary GTO's are added to the basic inverter circuit, which consists of six GTO's and three capacitors, is presented. One of the auxiliary GTO's is connected between the positive line of the inverter and the neutral of three Y-connected capacitors; another is connected between the negative line and the neutral. In the proposed inverter, the charges of three capacitors are controlled at the same time by means of pulsewidth modulation (PWM) to main GTO's and auxiliary GTO's. This inverter can supply both the sinusoidal current and voltage to the motor. The PWM control technique, the operating principle, and the experimental results for 2.2-kW induction motor drives are described. The output current waveform of this inverter is closely sinusoidal, as opposed to trapezoidal in the basic inverter circuit. The steady-state characteristics of the GTO-CSI induction motor drive system are analyzed by the state-variable methods, and a close agreement between the analyzed and the experimental results is obtained. Smooth and noiseless drive of induction motor over a wide range of speed is observed.     

A Current Source GTO Inverter with Sinusoidal Inputs and Outputs

With the application of gate turn-off thyristors (GTO's) and PWM control techniques, a current source inverter capable of producing sinusoidal input/output (I/O) voltages and currents has been developed. The sinusoidally modulated current is fed to the GTO's in the rectifier and inverter sections. The overvoltage-absorption capacitors connected to the ac input and output terminals function as a filter and, consequently, the waveforms of the input/output voltages and currents become sinusoidal. Because the PWM control utilizes the high-speed switching characteristics of the GTO's, the dc link current smoothing reactor and the overvoltage absorption capacitors are greatly reduced. The dc link voltage in the rectifier section is controlled to adjust the ac motor current. This is accomplished by using the firing angle shift method in conjunction with the method involving varying the width of the bypass gate pulses, which put the rectifier section into a bypass state. The current source GTO inverter is used to drive an 11-kW induction motor. As a result, excellent acceleration and deceleration characteristics are obtained, which verifies that the new current source inverter is quite suitable for driving an ac motor at variable speeds.     

A New Current Source GTO Inverter with Sinusoidal Output Voltage and Current

A new current source inverter with sinusoidal output voltage and current is presented. Gate turn-off thyristors (GTO's) and pulsewidth modulation (PWM) control techniques are used in the current source inverter to produce the sinusoidal output voltage and current. Three capacitors are connected to the ac output terminals to absorb overvoltages which occur when the GTO current is cut off and to provide a filter function for reducing harmonics in the output current. Voltage spikes, which have been a serious problem in the practical application of this inverter, are suppressed by adding gate pulses which force the inverter into a state of shoot-through. Moreover, this inverter permits the capacitance of an ac output terminal capacitor for absorbing overvoltages to be reduced to one-tenth or less of that of a commutating capacitor in a conventional thyristor type current source inverter. A 3.7-kW induction motor is driven by the inverter. The motor efficiency and noise level are measured and compared with those obtained when the motor is driven by a conventional voltage source PWM inverter. An operating efficiency five or six percent higher and noise level 10 dB lower are obtained for the former. Therefore, this current source GTO inverter is very suitable for ac motor variable speed drives.     

Study of dead time of PWM rectifier of Voltage-source inverter without DC-link components and its operating characteristics of induction motor

A voltage-source inverter without dc-link components is an ac-to-ac converter having dual bridges of a pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) rectifier and a PWM inverter that can be controlled independently. While conventional matrix converters have disadvantages, such as a complicated commutation scheme and necessity of a large-sized clamp circuit, commutation, and protection of our inverter can be implemented easily. In order to control the PWM rectifier and the PWM inverter independently, snubber circuits for the PWM rectifier are required to assure the path of load current during dead time. In this paper, analytical method of a snubber circuit and operating characteristics of a snubber circuit are described when a 0.75-kW induction motor is driven by our inverter.     

基于PWM整流器双PFC模型的电机能量回馈系统

用PWM整流器取代通用变频器的二极管整流电路,采用双PWM整流器/逆变器,设计了电机能量回馈系统。通过分析PWM整流器的数学模型,提出了一种基于α-β静止参考坐标系的PWM整流器双功率因数校正变换器(PFC)定频控制策略。在两相静止坐标系中将PWM整流器等效为2个与传统单相PFC类似的电路结构,然后根据电压空间矢量调制理论,分析了开关信号由两相静止坐标系到三相静止坐标系变换的控制策略。实验结果表明,该系统不仅能够将电机机械能转化的电能有效地回馈到电网,而且能够有效抑制注入电网的谐波,实现网侧单位功率因数控制。     

基于DSP的三相PWM可控整流系统的设计

为了克服四象限变频调速系统中采用二极管整流带来的不足,用三相PWM整流器代替二极管整流器,设计了基于32位集成DSPTMS320F2812的三相PWM可控整流系统.提出了一种新的同步相位角度控制方案,提高了电网电压定向矢量角度的精度,简化了SVPWM算法,实现了能量以高功率因数的双向传递.实验结果验证了可控整流系统设计的正确性.     

双馈电机基于双三电平空间矢量控制方法研究

采用AC/DC/AC拓扑结构,利用三电平PWM整流、逆变原理,构建了双馈电机控制变频器.采用简化的三电平SVPWM算法,外加中点电位控制,对整流和逆变进行仿真,仿真结果表明控制效果良好.同时,给出了双馈电机试验平台的整体硬件设计框图,实验证明了该方法对双馈电机控制的可行性.     

基于电压型PWM整流器的新型轻轨牵引供电系统

提出一种基于三相电压型PWM整流器的新型轻轨牵引供电系统,具有节能效果好、功率因数高、谐波含量小及电压稳定性好等优点,并且易于模块化和冗余设计.重点介绍了变流系统的主电路拓扑、PWM整流器的控制策路、并联控制策略和错时矢量调制(ISVM)技术.仿真和实验结果表明该系统可行.     

Current regulated PWM-CSI induction motor drive system without aspeed sensor

This paper deals with a current source inverter-induction motor drive system without a speed sensor, and the speed estimation with only sense of the motor voltage is investigated. The input DC link current which is kept constant by a pulsewidth modulated (PWM) converter with sinusoidal input current is supplied to the PWM inverter. The inverter output current with sinusoidal wave is directly regulated by employing the modulation index control of the PWM strategy. The motor is driven by a slip frequency/current regulation control. The motor speed is estimated by using the measured voltage and current, or using the measured voltage and the estimated current. The filter capacitor which is installed in the inverter circuit is taken into consideration for the current estimation. A digital signal processor is employed for calculation. As the PWM pulse of the inverter is calculated by an online real-time system, the quick regulation of the sinusoidal output current is achieved. The experiments show that the high performance steady state behavior and the acceleration/deceleration characteristics with smooth drives and low noise of the motor is obtained     

三电平PWM整流器双环控制技术及中点电压平衡控制技术的研究

该文在建立了三电平PWM整流器系统数学模型的基础上,比较了三电平PWM整流器模型与直流电机模型的相似性,基于对控制对象的状态反馈解耦,提出把直流电机的双闭环控制应用于三电平PWM整流器中,使三电平PWM整流器具有良好的动态性能和稳态性能,并且保证输入电流波形正弦性好,实现了单位功率因数。同时,针对三电平PWM整流器所固有的直流侧电容中点电压平衡问题,提出根据每相输入电流方向和中点电压波动方向来优化选取冗余的正小矢量和负小矢量,实现中点电压平衡控制的方法。最后通过实验验证了双环控制器和控制中点电压方法的可行性和有效性。     

Parallel Operation Techniques of GTO Inverter Sets for Large AC Motor Drives

Techniques are presented for using a high-power GTO in a PWM inverter and operating inverter sets in parallel to increase the inverter equipment capacity. The high-power GTO has both a very large turn-off gate current and turn-on gate current for overdrive. It is best to employ an isolation pulse transformer for current amplification as the gate circuit. Also, the high-power GTO, which has a relatively small nonrepetitive controllable current compared with that of a medium- or low-power GTO, in principle can be protected effectively against short circuit faults using fuses. In parallel set operation, the inverter equipment has four typical behavior patterns which arise from differences in GTO switching characteristics. Of these, the behavior pattern in which the current balance is optimized is explained. In addition, the method for designing an interphase reactor as a current balancer and the combination region of GTO characteristics have been given. By means of a parallel set operation test, it has been confirmed that a current unbalance can be suppressed to below ten percent of the peak load current.     

Quick regulation of sinusoidal output current in PWMconverter-inverter system

An induction motor drive system composed of a current output-type power converter and a current source inverter with sinusoidal input and output voltage/current is presented. Pulsewidth modulation (PWM) strategies with GTOs are applied to the converter and the inverter sections from the point of view of reduction of the current harmonics and suppression of the motor torque pulsations. A simple method for quick regulation of the AC output current amplitude is presented and applied to the PWM inverter section. To demonstrate the improvement in the current response of the inverter, a slip frequency/current regulation of an induction motor is considered. The experimental results of steady-state and dynamic operations of the motor are shown. The merits and demerits of this control method are discussed     

New Approach to a High-Power GTO PWM Inverter for AC Motor Drives

A control method for GTO PWM inverter parallel-set operation and a new protection system for prevention of short-circuit faults caused by turn-off failure, both to realize a high-power drive system are described. Timing control of GTO gate pulse command provided by a feedback loop, and a reactor at the output of the inverter can minimize the cross current flowing between inverters and can balance the output current of each inverter in inverter parallel-set operation. This method eliminates the necessity of selecting GTO's of equal characteristics, and can apply to parallel-set operation of three or more inverters. The new protection system judges the on and off states of the GTO from the GTO gate-cathode voltage and detects turn-off failure of the GTO. This method positively stops the inverter system safely and reliably upon turn-off failure of the GTO. Experiments are carried out on a 30-kVA inverter and two sets of 450-kVA GTO inverters.     

炉卷轧机主传动新型大功率IEGT逆变器

介绍了安钢炉卷轧机主传动驱动系统,主传动电机为同步电机.驱动系统选用新型大功率IEGT元件组成三电平整流器和逆变器,采用固定5脉冲分配PWM方式控制技术有效地消除了高次谐波;系统分别设置了有功电流控制器和无功电流控制器,从而实现了控制电机电流而保持逆变器输出电压的幅值不变;同GTO或]GBT变频器相比,IEGT变流装置具有外形尺寸小、集成度高、效率高,控制性能优良等优势.     

A new method of damping harmonic resonance at the DC link in a large‐capacity rectifier‐inverter system

This paper proposes a new method of damping harmonic resonance in the DC link of a large‐capacity rectifier‐inverter system, such as in rapid‐transit railways. A voltage‐source PWM converter is connected in series to the DC capacitor of the rectifier through a matching transformer, acting as a damping resistor to the DC capacitor current. No filters are needed to extract harmonic components from the DC capacitor current. This results in a quick response and highly stable damping. The relationship between the control gain of the PWM converter and the required rating is theoretically discussed. We show that the required rating is less than one‐thousandth of that previously proposed. In particular, regenerating the power consumed by the PWM converter is very important because of the large power in practical systems. Normally, an additional PWM inverter is connected to the DC bus of the PWM converter to regenerate the consumed power. The additional inverter regenerates the DC power to the AC source through a transformer. This method, however, makes the damping circuit complex, thus the proposed method for the DC‐link harmonic resonance is less practicable. In this paper, a simple and novel scheme that utilizes the DC‐link voltage of the rectifier as a DC source for the PWM converter is proposed. The excellent practicability of the proposed damping method with the novel regenerating scheme is confirmed using digital computer simulation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(2): 53–62, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10172     

一种电机驱动用大功率网侧变流系统研究

提出了一种电机驱动用高性价比大功率网侧变流系统。主电路采用二极管整流器与PWM整流器并联,充分利用二极管整流器简单可靠、成本低,以及PWM整流器能量双向流动、功率因数高的优点,不仅能够省去传统电机驱动中的制动电阻,节约电能,还能提高交流系统功率因数。控制上通过对二极管整流器输出特性的研究,并调节PWM整流器输出特性,实现了PWM整流器与二极管整流器的协调工作。仿真和试验验证了主电路方案及控制方法的有效性。     

用于光伏并网检测的电网扰动发生装置研制

作为清洁能源的太阳能发电已越来越受到重视并得到应用。根据光伏电站接入电网测试规程,研制出一种适用于光伏并网检测、具有能量回馈功能的电网扰动发生装置,实现电网电压幅值、频率扰动的模拟。该装置为背靠背双PWM拓扑结构,包括两电平PWM整流装置和三电平PWM逆变装置,整流侧采用电压电流双环控制,逆变侧采用电压单环控制,该控制策略能够准确跟踪目标参考值,响应速度快,稳态误差小。仿真和试验结果证实了该电路设计和控制策略是可行和有效的。