大黑汀水库电站计算机监控系统设计

大黑汀水库共有 2个电站 ,即河床电站与渠首电站。河床电站装机 1台 ,容量为 8.8MW;渠首电站装机 4台 ,装机容量为 3.2 MW。大黑汀水库电站计算机监控系统拟采用分层分布式系统结构。经过调研 ,采用了水科院自动化研究所的 H90 0 0 S系统。H90 0 0 S系统是该所结合国外 90年代最新计算机硬件产品、软件产品、网络技术、实时工业控制产品与未来发展趋势 ,及在该领域近 2 0年的研制开发经验 ,为电站监控而开发的一种全新的、全分布开放式总线型计算机监控系统 ,具有良好的可信性、可扩充性和可移植性 ,并支持异型机互联。1　系统结构H90 0…     

水电厂计算机监控技术三十年回顾与展望

20世纪80年代初至1993年为我所计算机监控技术的研究探索阶段,完成了我国第一套水电厂计算机监控系统,并通过摸索几种不同结构模式的监控系统,取得了宝贵的试点经验。1994年起,国内水电厂兴起“无人值班”（少人值守）热潮,面向网络的H9000分布开放系统应运而生,为众多水电厂“无人值班”（少人值守）创造了条件。2000年进一步推出了高可靠性的H9000V3．0系统,满足了大型水电厂无人值班的技术要求。随着三峡等以巨型机组特大型电站为特征的水电站的建设,我们又推出了高性能的H9000V4．0系统,在三峡右岸投入运行后完全满足了运行的要求,登上了水电站计算机监控技术的制高点。文章主要从上述几个方面回顾了中国水科院自动化所成立30年来在水电厂计算机监控领域的发展和变化历程。     

H9000 V4．0系统数据预处理功能及实现

H9000V4．0计算机监控系统是针对三峡右岸电站等巨型水电站新需求开发的新一代水电站计算机监控系统。主要介绍了H9000V4．0系统的数据预处理功能及实现方法。     

柳洪水电站监控系统升级改造

随着计算机自动化技术的快速发展,中国水电站监控系统日趋成熟。新一代的H9000V4．0水电站监控系统以其较高的稳定性、可靠性受到了好评。文章介绍了柳洪水电站监控系统由原H9000V3．0升级改造为H9000V4．0系统的设计与实现。     

广西百龙滩水电站计算机监控系统改造

广西百龙滩水电站计算机监控系统改造采用中国水科院自动化所H9000 V3．0版分布式开放型计算机监控系统,由电站主控层和现地控制层组成,通过100MB冗余快速以太网,构成高可靠冗余的网络结构系统,文章介绍了系统的网络冗余结构、硬件配置、实现的主要功能及技术特点。     

H9000V3．0在乌溪江电厂改造中的应用

介绍了H9000 V3．0在乌溪江水电厂计算机监控系统中的应用，分析了使用H9000V3．0之后电厂的改进，对电厂使用H9000V3．0前后进行了对比，描述了使用H9000V3．0的优势。     

白山梯级水电厂计算机监控系统应用及升级改造

1997年白山发电厂采用水科院自动化所H9000计算机监控系统全面更换原有系统,2000年通过国电公司验收。2005年开始,为解决监控系统多年来暴露出的问题和老化现象,为满足利用白山发电厂计算机监控系统对2台单机150川抽水蓄能新机组实现监视和控制的需求,决定采用H9000V3．0版网络冗余的分布开放控制系统对原有H9000系统进行升级改造,更换必要的硬件,LCU取消工控机、采用100Mbps以太网直接接入系统,白山到桦甸备网及红石到桦甸双网从2Mbps升级到100Mbps,对系统的功能进行了扩展增强,使整个系统结构更简洁、更合理、更可靠、功能更强。文章讨论了白山厂监控系统升级改造过程,可为其它类似工程提供借鉴。     

H9000 V4．0系统数据预处理功能及实现

H9000 V4.0计算机监控系统是针对三峡右岸电站等巨型水电站需求开发的新一代水电站计算机监控系统。文中主要介绍了H9000 V4.0系统的数据预处理功能及实现方法。     

白山发电厂计算机监控系统升级改造

白山发电厂原监控系统是1997年采用的是北京水科院自动化所H9000系统，2000年通过国电公司验收。2005年开始，为解决监控系统多年来暴露出的问题和老化现象，满足利用白山发电厂计算机监控系统对2台单机150MW抽水蓄能新机组实现监视和控制的需求，决定采用H9000 V3．0版网络冗余的分布开放控制系统对原有H9000系统进行升级改造，更换必要的硬件，LCU取消工控机、采用100Mbps以太网直接接入系统，白山到桦甸备网及红石到桦甸双网从2Mbps升级到100Mbps，对系统的功能进行了扩展增强，使整个系统结构更简洁、更合理、更可靠、功能更强。本文讨论了白山厂监控系统升级改造过程，可为其它类似工程提供借鉴。     

英国国家基金电力能源领域重大研究计划

三峡右岸电站计算机监控系统采用新一代水电站计算机监控系统H9000 V4.0,它是结合20多年的水电站计算机监控系统开发经验和优势,针对三峡右岸电站和目前巨型水电站计算机监控系统的发展新需求而开发的。文中介绍了该系统的配置,并重点介绍了其重要组成部分——现地控制单元(LCU)的结构和功能实现。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。